A
regent is a person selected to act as
head of state (ruling or not) because
the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there is only one ruling
Regency
A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state ''pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy, ...
in the world, sovereign
Liechtenstein. The following is a list of regents.
Regents in extant monarchies
Those who held a regency briefly, for example during surgery, are not necessarily listed, particularly if they performed no official acts; this list is also not complete, presumably not even for all monarchies included. The list includes some figures who acted as regent, even if they did not themselves hold the title of regent.
Asia
Cambodia
*
Prince Sisowath Monireth,
Chairman of the Regency Council of Cambodia in 1960
*
Chea Sim
Chea Sim ( km, ជា ស៊ីម; 15 November 19328 June 2015) was a Cambodian politician. He was President of the Cambodian People's Party from 1991 to 2015, President of the National Assembly of Cambodia from 1981 to 1998 (Vice President fr ...
, Acting Head of State of Cambodia from 1993 to 1994, and again from 1994 to 1995, and twice in 2004
*
Nhek Bun Chhay, Acting Head of State of Cambodia in 2004
Japan
*
Regent Empress Dowager Jingū for her son, the future
Emperor Ōjin
, also known as (alternatively spelled 譽田別命, 誉田別命, 品陀和気命, 譽田分命, 誉田別尊, 品陀別命) or , was the 15th (possibly legendary) Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
No firm dat ...
*
Prince Regent Shōtoku for his aunt,
Empress Suiko
*
Fujiwara Regents as Sesshō or Kampaku
*
Prince Regent Hirohito for his father,
Emperor Taishō, from 1921 to 1926.
Jordan
*
Prince Naif bin Al-Abdullah
Prince Nayef bin Abdullah (14 November 1914 – 12 October 1983) was the younger son of King Abdullah I of Jordan, by his second wife, Suzdil Khanum.
Nayef attended Victoria College in Cairo. He underwent Military training in Turkey, being assi ...
from 20 July to 5 September 1951, due to the schizophrenia of his brother
King Talal, who was in a Swiss mental hospital.
* A regency council (
Ibrahim Hashem
Ibrahim Hashem ( ar, إبراهيم هاشم; 1886 – 14 July 1958) was a Jordanian politician and judge, known primarily for serving five terms as Prime Minister. He died in Baghdad at the hands of a mob in front of the Iraqi Ministry of Defen ...
, Suleiman Toukan, Abdul Rahman Rusheidat and chairing Queen Mother
Zein al-Sharaf Talal
Zein al-Sharaf bint Jamil ( ar, زين الشرف بنت جميل; 2 August 1916 – 26 April 1994) was the Queen of Jordan as the wife of King Talal. Queen Zein was the mother of King Hussein.
Family
She was born in Alexandria, Egypt, into a fam ...
) took over during the king's ailment & continued after the king's forced abdication (on 11 August 1952), serving from 4 June 1952 to 2 May 1953, until
King Hussein
Hussein bin Talal ( ar, الحسين بن طلال, ''Al-Ḥusayn ibn Ṭalāl''; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of ...
came of age.
*
Crown Prince Hassan, from 4 July 1998 to 19 January 1999 while his brother
King Hussein
Hussein bin Talal ( ar, الحسين بن طلال, ''Al-Ḥusayn ibn Ṭalāl''; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of ...
was undergoing cancer treatments.
Malaysia and its constitutive monarchies
=Terengganu
=
*
Tengku Muhammad Ismail
Tengku Muhammad Ismail ibni Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (born 1 March 1998) is the ''Yang di-Pertuan Muda'' (Crown Prince) of Terengganu. He is the son of the current Sultan of Terengganu, Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin and Sultanah Nur Zahirah,the ...
(eight-years of age at the time), co-reigned with the three-member Regency Advisory Council (''Majlis Penasihat Pemangku Raja'') from 2006 to 2011. His father,
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin
Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah ( Jawi: ; born 22 January 1962) is the 18th and current Sultan of Terengganu. He served as the 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the constitution ...
the Sultan of
Terengganu
Terengganu (; Terengganu Malay: ''Tranung'', Jawi: ), formerly spelled Trengganu or Tringganu, is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia. The state is also known by its Arabic honorific, ''Dāru l- Īmān'' ("Abode of Faith"). ...
was elected as 13th
King of Malaysia
The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (, Jawi: ), also known as the Supreme Head of the Federation, the Paramount Ruler or simply as the Agong, and unofficially as the King of Malaysia, is the constitutional monarch and head of state of Malaysia. The of ...
. The Malaysian constitution does not allow a simultaneous reign as both the King of Malaysia and as Monarch of the King's native state (deemed absent on the State throne). Sultan Mizan was crowned as King on 13 December 2006 and the prince as the Regent (''Pemangku Raja'') of Terengganu effective on the same date.
Oman
* for the minor
Sa`id (II) ibn Sultan (b. 1790 – succeeded 20 November 1804 – d. 19 Oct 1856) : 20 November 1804 – 31 July 1806
Badr ibn Sayf (d. 1806)
* for
Sultan Turki ibn Sa`id (b. 1832 – succeeded 30 January 1871 – died 4 Jun 1888) : August – December 1875
Abdul-Aziz ibn Said – (b. 1850 – d. 1907)
Qatar
* H.E. Shaikh
Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani was proclaimed as regent when his father Sheikh
Qasim bin Muhammad Al Thani became incapacitated, 13 May 1913; succeeded on his death, 17 July 1913
Saudi Arabia
* 30 March 1964 – 2 November 1964
Crown Prince Faisal (b. 1906 – d. 1975) –Regent for his brother
King Saud
Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ( ar, سعود بن عبد العزيز آل سعود ''Suʿūd ibn ʿAbd al ʿAzīz Āl Suʿūd'', Najdi Arabic pronunciation: ; 15 January 1902 – 23 February 1969) was King of Saudi Arabia from 9 November 1953 ...
, and later his successor
* 1 January 1996 – 21 February 1996 formally, but de facto until 1 August 2005
Crown Prince Abdullah (b. 1924 – d. 2015) –Regent for his brother
King Fahd
Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ( ar, فهد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود ''Fahd ibn ʿAbd al ʿAzīz Āl Suʿūd'', ; 1920, 1921 or 1923 – 1 August 2005) was a Saudi Arabian politician who was King and Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia fro ...
, and later his successor
Thailand
*
Prayurawongse
''Somdet Chao Phraya'' Borom Maha Prayurawongse ( th, สมเด็จเจ้าพระยาบรมมหาประยูรวงศ์; ; 1788 - 26 April 1855) or Dit Bunnag ( th, ดิศ บุนนาค; ) was a prominent polit ...
for King
Mongkut
Mongkut ( th, มงกุฏ; 18 October 18041 October 1868) was the fourth monarch of Siam (Thailand) under the House of Chakri, titled Rama IV. He ruled from 1851 to 1868. His full title in Thai was ''Phra Bat Somdet Phra Menthora Ramathibo ...
(1851–1855)
*
Sri Suriwongse for King
Chulalongkorn
Chulalongkorn ( th, จุฬาลงกรณ์, 20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910) was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, titled Rama V. He was known to the Siamese of his time as ''Phra Phuttha Chao Luang'' (พร� ...
(1868–1873)
* Queen
Saovabha Phongsri for King
Chulalongkorn
Chulalongkorn ( th, จุฬาลงกรณ์, 20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910) was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, titled Rama V. He was known to the Siamese of his time as ''Phra Phuttha Chao Luang'' (พร� ...
(1897)
* Crown Prince Maha
Vajiravudh for King
Chulalongkorn
Chulalongkorn ( th, จุฬาลงกรณ์, 20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910) was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, titled Rama V. He was known to the Siamese of his time as ''Phra Phuttha Chao Luang'' (พร� ...
(1907)
* Prince
Prajadhipok Sakdidej for King
Vajiravudh (1925)
* Prince
Paribatra Sukhumbandhu
Marshal-Admiral Paribatra Sukhumbandhu, Prince of Nakhon Sawan (; Thai: สมเด็จพระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ เจ้าฟ้าบริพัตรสุขุมพันธุ์ กรมพระนค� ...
for King
Prajadhipok (1932)
* Prince
Narisara Nuwattiwong
Prince Chitcharoen, the Prince Narisara Nuwattiwong ( th, นริศรานุวัดติวงศ์ ; 28 April 1863 – 10 March 1947), Prince Naris for short, né Chitcharoen (), was a member of the royal family of Siam (now Thailand), ...
for King
Prajadhipok (1934–1935)
* Prince
Oscar Anuvatana (d. 1935), Prince
Aditya Dibabha
Prince Aditya Dibabha ( th, อาทิตย์ทิพอาภา; ; ; 27 July 1900 – 19 May 1946) was a member of the Thai Royal Family and a Siamese political figure. He served as Chairman of the Regency Council between the years 1935 a ...
(1935–1944),
Pan Sukhum (1935–1938), General
Um Indrayodhin (1935–1942) and
Pridi Banomyong
Pridi Banomyong ( th, ปรีดี พนมยงค์, , ; 11 May 1900 – 2 May 1983), also known by his noble title Luang Praditmanutham ( th, หลวงประดิษฐ์มนูธรรม) was a Thai politician and professo ...
(1941–1945) for King
Ananda Mahidol
*
Prem Tinsulanonda, regent from 13 October to 1 December 2016 while King
Vajiralongkorn was in mourning for his father and predecessor.
Africa
Morocco
* The
Wattasid
The Wattasid dynasty ( ber, Iweṭṭasen; ar, الوطاسيون, ''al-waṭṭāsīyūn'') was a ruling dynasty of Morocco. Like the Marinid dynasty, its rulers were of Zenata Berber descent. The two families were related, and the Marinids ...
Vizier
Abu Zakariya Yahya
Abu Zakariya Yahya (, Abu Zakariya Yahya I ben Abd al-Wahid (12031249) was the founder and first sultan of the Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya. He was the grandson of Sheikh Abu al-Hafs, the leader of the Hintata and second in command of the Almohads ...
was regent during the minority of the
Marinid sultan
Abd al-Haqq II
Abd al-Haqq II () (Abd al-Haqq ibn Uthman Abu Muhammad; 1419 – 14 August 1465) was Marinid Sultan of Morocco from 1420 to 1465.
Life
Abd al-Haqq II was made sultan in 1420 under the regency of a Wattasid ''vizier'', and later was nominal ...
; the
Wattasid Viziers however kept the power beyond the majority of
Abd al-Haqq II
Abd al-Haqq II () (Abd al-Haqq ibn Uthman Abu Muhammad; 1419 – 14 August 1465) was Marinid Sultan of Morocco from 1420 to 1465.
Life
Abd al-Haqq II was made sultan in 1420 under the regency of a Wattasid ''vizier'', and later was nominal ...
, until 1459 when most members of their family were killed by the sultan, allowing him to return to power.
Lesotho
*
Queen Mamohato was regent for the exiled
King Moshoeshoe II in 1970 and again in 1990, and after his death in 1996.
Swaziland
*
Tibati Nkambule of Swaziland
Tibati Madvolomafisha Nkambule (d. 1895), was the Queen Regent and Indlovukati of Swaziland from 1889 until 1894 following the death of King Mbandzeni (Dlamini IV).
Tibati has been called "strong, traditionalist and well respected among her pe ...
was regent following the death of
Mbandzeni
Mbandzeni (also known as Dlamini IV, Umbandine, Umbandeen) (1855–1889) was the King of Swaziland from 1872 until 1889.
Ingwenyama Mbandzeni was the son of Mswati II and Nandzi Nkambule. His mother the wife of King Mswati had died when he was ...
, until the majority of his son
Ngwane V
Ngwane V (also known as Mahlokohla, Bhunu, Hhili) (11 May 1876 – 10 December 1899) was the King of Swaziland from 1895 until his death on 10 December 1899. Ngwane was born the son of Mbandzeni and his mother was Labotsibeni Mdluli. He ascend ...
(1889 to 1894)
*
Labotsibeni Mdluli was regent following the death of her son
Ngwane V
Ngwane V (also known as Mahlokohla, Bhunu, Hhili) (11 May 1876 – 10 December 1899) was the King of Swaziland from 1895 until his death on 10 December 1899. Ngwane was born the son of Mbandzeni and his mother was Labotsibeni Mdluli. He ascend ...
, until the majority of his son
King Sobhuza II
Sobhuza II, (; also known as Nkhotfotjeni, Mona; 22 July 1899 – 21 August 1982) was the Paramount Chief and later Ngwenyama of Swaziland for 82 years and 254 days, the longest verifiable reign of any monarch in recorded history. Sobhuza was ...
(1899 to 1921)
*
Queen Dzeliwe was regent after the death of her husband
King Sobhuza II
Sobhuza II, (; also known as Nkhotfotjeni, Mona; 22 July 1899 – 21 August 1982) was the Paramount Chief and later Ngwenyama of Swaziland for 82 years and 254 days, the longest verifiable reign of any monarch in recorded history. Sobhuza was ...
from 1982 to 1983
*
Prince Sozisa Dlamini Prince Sozisa Dlamini of Swaziland (c. 1912 – 1992) was Chief of Gundvwini. He became the Authorized Person of Swaziland from 1982 to 1985 after the death of King Sobhuza II, and in 1983 was briefly the acting Regent of the country, after he de ...
was regent in 1983, following the death of
King Sobhuza II
Sobhuza II, (; also known as Nkhotfotjeni, Mona; 22 July 1899 – 21 August 1982) was the Paramount Chief and later Ngwenyama of Swaziland for 82 years and 254 days, the longest verifiable reign of any monarch in recorded history. Sobhuza was ...
and the regency of
Queen Dzeliwe
*
Queen Ntfombi was regent following the death of her husband
King Sobhuza II
Sobhuza II, (; also known as Nkhotfotjeni, Mona; 22 July 1899 – 21 August 1982) was the Paramount Chief and later Ngwenyama of Swaziland for 82 years and 254 days, the longest verifiable reign of any monarch in recorded history. Sobhuza was ...
, until the majority of his son
King Mswati III
Mswati III (born Makhosetive; 19 April 1968) is the king ( Swazi: Ngwenyama, Ingwenyama yemaSwati) of Eswatini and head of the Swazi royal family. He was born in Manzini in the Protectorate of Swaziland to King Sobhuza II and one of his younger w ...
(1983 to 1986)
Europe
Belgium
* Baron
Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier
Érasme-Louis, Baron Surlet de Chokier (27 November 1769 – 7 August 1839), born in Liège, was a Belgian politician and, before the accession of Leopold I to the Belgian throne, was the first Regent of Belgium.
During the Liège Revolution o ...
, Regent of Belgium until
Leopold I's formal accession in 1831
*
Prince Charles, Count of Flanders
nl, Karel Theodoor Hendrik Anton Meinrad
, image = Karel van België Charles de Belgique Karl von Belgien.jpg
, image_size = 230px
, spouse = Jacqueline Peyrebrune
, issue = Isabelle
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Bruss ...
,
prince regent of Belgium during his elder brother
Leopold III's exile from 1944 to 1950
*
Prince Baudouin, Duke of Brabant,
prince regent of Belgium from 1950 to 1951
Denmark
*
Johann Friedrich Struensee
Lensgreve Johann Friedrich Struensee (5 August 1737 – 28 April 1772) was a German-Danish physician, philosopher and statesman. He became royal physician to the mentally ill King Christian VII of Denmark and a minister in the Danish government ...
, de facto regent for
King Christian VII
Christian VII (29 January 1749 – 13 March 1808) was a monarch of the House of Oldenburg who was King of Denmark–Norway and Duke of Duchy of Schleswig, Schleswig and Duchy of Holstein, Holstein from 1766 until his death in 1808. For his motto ...
, 1770–1772
*
Hereditary Prince Frederick (along with, effectively, his mother,
Queen Juliana Maria) for his half-brother (and her step-son),
King Christian VII
Christian VII (29 January 1749 – 13 March 1808) was a monarch of the House of Oldenburg who was King of Denmark–Norway and Duke of Duchy of Schleswig, Schleswig and Duchy of Holstein, Holstein from 1766 until his death in 1808. For his motto ...
, 1772–1784
*
Crown Prince Frederick for his father,
King Christian VII
Christian VII (29 January 1749 – 13 March 1808) was a monarch of the House of Oldenburg who was King of Denmark–Norway and Duke of Duchy of Schleswig, Schleswig and Duchy of Holstein, Holstein from 1766 until his death in 1808. For his motto ...
, 1784–1808
*
Crown Prince Frederick for his father,
King Christian X, 1942–1943
Liechtenstein
*
Prince Franz Joseph was regent for four months for his grand-uncle
Sovereign Prince Franz I.
*
Hereditary Prince Hans-Adam was regent for his father
Sovereign Prince Franz Joseph II from 1984 until his death in 1989.
*
Hereditary Prince Alois has been regent for his father
Sovereign Prince Hans-Adam II since 15 August 2004.
Luxembourg
*
Duke Adolph of Nassau was Regent from 8 April 1889 to 3 May 1889 and from 4 November 1890 to 23 November 1890, during the terminal illness of
Grand Duke William III.
*
Dowager Grand Duchess Marie Anne was Regent to her husband,
Grand Duke William IV, during his terminal illness from 19 November 1908 to 25 February 1912, and then Regent to her daughter,
Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde
Grand may refer to:
People with the name
* Grand (surname)
* Grand L. Bush (born 1955), American actor
* Grand Mixer DXT, American turntablist
* Grand Puba (born 1966), American rapper
Places
* Grand, Oklahoma
* Grand, Vosges, village and commun ...
, during her minority from 25 February 1912 to 18 June 1912.
*
Hereditary Grand Duke Jean was Regent for his mother,
Grand Duchess Charlotte
Charlotte (Charlotte Adelgonde Elisabeth Marie Wilhelmine; 23 January 1896 – 9 July 1985) reigned as Grand Duchess of Luxembourg from 14 January 1919 until her abdication on 12 November 1964.
She acceded to the throne on 14 January 1919 fol ...
, from 4 May 1961 to 12 November 1964.
*
Hereditary Grand Duke Henri was Regent for his father,
Grand Duke Jean
Jean (Jean Benoît Guillaume Robert Antoine Louis Marie Adolphe Marc d'Aviano; 5 January 1921 – 23 April 2019) was the Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 1964 until his abdication in 2000. He was the first Grand Duke of Luxembourg of French agnatic ...
, from 4 March 1998 to 7 October 2000.
Monaco
*
Hereditary Prince Albert was regent from his father
Prince Rainier III
Rainier III (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; 31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005) was Prince of Monaco from 1949 to his death in 2005. Rainier ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest-ruling m ...
from 31 March 2005 to 6 April 2005, when he succeeded him as
Prince Albert II
Netherlands
*
The Dowager Princess Anne, during the minority of her son,
William V, Prince of Orange, between 1751 and 1759
*
The Dowager Princess Marie Louise, during the minority of her son,
William IV, Prince of Orange from 1711-1730, and the minority of her grandson, William V, jointly with
Duke Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Bevern (25 September 1718, Wolfenbüttel – 12 May 1788, Eisenach) was a field-marshal in the armies of the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic, the elected Duke of Courland (1741). From 13 November 1750 t ...
from 1759 till her death in 1765.
*
Duke Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Bevern (25 September 1718, Wolfenbüttel – 12 May 1788, Eisenach) was a field-marshal in the armies of the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic, the elected Duke of Courland (1741). From 13 November 1750 t ...
, the Captain-General of the Dutch army, during the minority of William V, jointly with Dowager Princess Marie Louise from 1759 until her death in 1765, and with
Princess Carolina of Orange-Nassau (1765-1766)
*
Princess Carolina, during the minority of her brother, William V, and jointly with Duke Louis Ernest, between 1765 and 1766.
*
Council of State
A Council of State is a governmental body in a country, or a subdivision of a country, with a function that varies by jurisdiction. It may be the formal name for the cabinet or it may refer to a non-executive advisory body associated with a head ...
, during insanity of the King
William III in 1889 and again in 1890
*
The Dowager Queen Emma (1890–1898), during the minority of her daughter
Queen Wilhelmina
Wilhelmina (; Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. She reigned for nearly 58 years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World War ...
, between 1890 and 1898
*
Crown Princess Juliana during illness of her mother
Queen Wilhelmina
Wilhelmina (; Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. She reigned for nearly 58 years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World War ...
in 1947 and again in 1948
Norway
* King
Magnus Eriksson (1343–1355) after stepping down from the throne in favor of his son
Haakon Magnusson
*
Johann Friedrich Struensee
Lensgreve Johann Friedrich Struensee (5 August 1737 – 28 April 1772) was a German-Danish physician, philosopher and statesman. He became royal physician to the mentally ill King Christian VII of Denmark and a minister in the Danish government ...
, de facto regent for
King Christian VII
Christian VII (29 January 1749 – 13 March 1808) was a monarch of the House of Oldenburg who was King of Denmark–Norway and Duke of Duchy of Schleswig, Schleswig and Duchy of Holstein, Holstein from 1766 until his death in 1808. For his motto ...
, 1770–1772
*
Hereditary Prince Frederick (along with, effectively, his mother,
Queen Juliana Maria) for his half-brother (and her step-son),
King Christian VII
Christian VII (29 January 1749 – 13 March 1808) was a monarch of the House of Oldenburg who was King of Denmark–Norway and Duke of Duchy of Schleswig, Schleswig and Duchy of Holstein, Holstein from 1766 until his death in 1808. For his motto ...
, 1772–1784
*
Crown Prince Frederick for his father,
King Christian VII
Christian VII (29 January 1749 – 13 March 1808) was a monarch of the House of Oldenburg who was King of Denmark–Norway and Duke of Duchy of Schleswig, Schleswig and Duchy of Holstein, Holstein from 1766 until his death in 1808. For his motto ...
, 1784–1808
*
Crown Prince Olav
Olav V (; born Prince Alexander of Denmark; 2 July 1903 – 17 January 1991) was the King of Norway from 1957 until his death in 1991.
Olav was the only child of King Haakon VII of Norway and Maud of Wales. He became heir apparent to the Nor ...
was regent for his father
King Haakon VII
Haakon VII (; born Prince Carl of Denmark; 3 August 187221 September 1957) was the King of Norway from November 1905 until his death in September 1957.
Originally a Danish prince, he was born in Copenhagen as the son of the future Frederick VI ...
in 1945, awaiting his return at end of the Second World War, and during his illness between 1955 and 1957.
*
Crown Prince Harald was regent during the illness of his father
King Olav V between 1990 and 1991.
*
Crown Prince Haakon
Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway (; Haakon Magnus; born 20 July 1973) is the heir apparent to the Norwegian throne. He is the only son of King Harald V and Queen Sonja.
Haakon represents the fourth generation of the sitting Norwegian royal fami ...
was regent from 25 November 2003 to 12 April 2004, from 29 March to 7 June 2005 and since 19 December 2019 during the illness of his father
King Harald V
Harald V ( no, Harald den femte, ; born 21 February 1937) is King of Norway. He acceded to the throne on 17 January 1991.
Harald was the third child and only son of King Olav V of Norway and Princess Märtha of Sweden. He was second in the line ...
Spain
*
Crown of Castile:
Ferdinand II of Aragon, twice regent of Castile (1504–1506, 1507–1516) for
Queen Juana
*
Pope Adrian VI
Pope Adrian VI ( la, Hadrianus VI; it, Adriano VI; nl, Adrianus/Adriaan VI), born Adriaan Florensz Boeyens (2 March 1459 – 14 September 1523), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 January 1522 until his d ...
(1520–1522) and
Isabella of Portugal (1529–1533, 1535–1536, 1538–1539) and
Prince Philip (1539–1541, 1543–1548, 1551–1554) and
Archduke Maximilian (1548–1551) and
Maria of Austria (1548–1551) during Charles I's absences.
*
Joan of Austria, Princess Dowager of Portugal (''Infanta Juana''), regent of Castile (1554–1559) for
King Philip II of Spain during the king's marriage to Queen
Mary I of England.
*
Fernando de Acevedo as President of the Council of Castile during King Philip III's visit to Portugal in 1619.
*
Mariana of Austria, regent of Spain during the minority of her son
Charles II from 1665 to 1675.
*
Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero
Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero y de Guzmán, (8 January 1635, Palma del Río – 14 September 1709, Toledo, Spain) was a Spanish prelate, who was cardinal archbishop of Toledo. Uncle of Luis Antonio Tomás de Portocarrero y Moscoso, 5th ...
cardinal and archbishop of Toledo during King Charles II's illness in 1700.
* Government Board of the Realms during the illness of Charles II and Philip V absence from 1700 to 1701.
*
Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero
Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero y de Guzmán, (8 January 1635, Palma del Río – 14 September 1709, Toledo, Spain) was a Spanish prelate, who was cardinal archbishop of Toledo. Uncle of Luis Antonio Tomás de Portocarrero y Moscoso, 5th ...
cardinal and archbishop of Toledo during King Philip V's absence from 1701 to 1703.
* Queen Regent
Elisabeth Farnese during King Charles III's absence in 1759.
*
Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain, French invasion (King Ferdinand VII's absence) in 1808.
* Lieutenant General
Joachim Murat (1808) and
Jean de Dieu Soult
Jean may refer to:
People
* Jean (female given name)
* Jean (male given name)
* Jean (surname)
Fictional characters
* Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character
* Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations
* Je ...
(1813) during King Joseph's absence.
* A
Supreme Central and Governmental Junta of Spain and the Indies from 25 September 1808 to 31 January 1810 and a Regency Council (the
Cortes of Cádiz from 1 February 1810 to 10 May 1814 during the imprisonment/abdication of
Ferdinand VII.
* Regencies during the
Hundred Thousand Sons of St. Louis Intervention (1823): Provisional Regency Council of the Realm. President:
Cayetano Valdés y Flores
Cayetano Valdés y Flores Bazán (1767–1835) was a commander of the Spanish Navy, explorer, and captain general who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, fighting for both sides at different times due to the changing fortun ...
, Provisional Government Board of Spain and the Indies. President:
Francisco de Eguía, Regency Council of the Realm during King's Captivity. President:
.
*
Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies during the minority of her daughter
Isabella II
Isabella II ( es, Isabel II; 10 October 1830 – 9 April 1904), was Queen of Spain from 29 September 1833 until 30 September 1868.
Shortly before her birth, the King Ferdinand VII of Spain issued a Pragmatic Sanction to ensure the successi ...
from 1833 to 1840.
*
Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara
Baldomero Fernández-Espartero y Álvarez de Toro (27 February 17938 January 1879) was a Spanish marshal and statesman. He served as the Regent of the Realm, three times as Prime Minister and briefly as President of the Congress of Deputies ...
during the minority of
Isabella II
Isabella II ( es, Isabel II; 10 October 1830 – 9 April 1904), was Queen of Spain from 29 September 1833 until 30 September 1868.
Shortly before her birth, the King Ferdinand VII of Spain issued a Pragmatic Sanction to ensure the successi ...
from 1840 to 1843.
*
Francisco Serrano, duke of la Torre, during the interregnum between the reigns of Isabella II and
Amadeo I
Amadeo ( it, Amedeo , sometimes latinized as Amadeus; full name: ''Amedeo Ferdinando Maria di Savoia''; 30 May 184518 January 1890) was an Italian prince who reigned as King of Spain from 1870 to 1873. The first and only King of Spain to come fro ...
, from 1868 to 1871.
*
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (8 February 18288 August 1897) was a Spanish politician and historian known principally for serving six terms as Prime Minister and his overarching role as "architect" of the regime that ensued with the 1874 restor ...
during King Alfonso XII's absence from 1874 to 1875.
*
Maria Christina of Austria, regent during her pregnancy after her husband's death and then for her son
Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also known as El Africano or the African, was King of Spain from 17 May 1886 to 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alfo ...
from 26 November 1885 – 17 May 1902.
* The
Caudillo
A ''caudillo'' ( , ; osp, cabdillo, from Latin , diminutive of ''caput'' "head") is a type of personalist leader wielding military and political power. There is no precise definition of ''caudillo'', which is often used interchangeably with " ...
general
Francisco Franco, became de facto regent for life in 1947 to 1975, after reinstating the monarchy with a vacant royal throne ultimately filled by
Juan Carlos
Juan Carlos I (;,
* ca, Joan Carles I,
* gl, Xoán Carlos I, Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 Novem ...
.
Sweden
*
Mats Kettilmundsson
Mats Kettilmundsson (also Mattias) (ca. 1280 - died 11 May 1326) was a Swedish knight, riksdrots and statesman.
Biography
In 1302, Mats Kettilmundsson was one of the knights and confidants of Duke Eric Magnusson (c. 1282–1318).
He preside ...
(1318–1319), between the deposition of the king
Birger Magnusson and the election of three-year-old
Magnus Eriksson asking.
*
Ingeborg of Norway (1319–1326) president of the council of regents for her underage son, the king
Magnus Eriksson, in both Sweden and Norway.
*
Karl Knutsson (Bonde) (1438–1440), during the interregnum following the deposition of the king
Eric XIII; later became king as Charles VIII
*
Bengt Jönsson Oxenstierna (1448; together with his brother Nils Jönsson Oxenstierna), during the interregnum between the death of
Christopher of Bavaria
Christopher of Bavaria (26 February 1416 – 5/6 January 1448) was King of Denmark (1440–48, as Christopher III), Sweden (1441–48) and Norway (1442–48) during the era of the Kalmar Union.
Biography
Coming to power
He was the son of John, ...
and the election of Karl Knutsson (Bonde) as king.
*
Nils Jönsson Oxenstierna
Nils is a Scandinavian given name, a chiefly Norwegian, Danish, Swedish and Latvian variant of Niels, cognate to Nicholas.
People and animals with the given name
* Nils Bergström (born 1985), Swedish ice hockey player
*Nils Björk (1898–1989) ...
(1448; together with his brother Bengt Jönsson Oxenstierna), during the interregnum between the death of
Christopher of Bavaria
Christopher of Bavaria (26 February 1416 – 5/6 January 1448) was King of Denmark (1440–48, as Christopher III), Sweden (1441–48) and Norway (1442–48) during the era of the Kalmar Union.
Biography
Coming to power
He was the son of John, ...
and the election of Karl Knutsson (Bonde) as king.
*
Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna (1457; together with Erik Axelsson Tott), during the interregnum following the first deposition of King
Charles VIII, and again (1465–1466), following his second deposition.
*
Kettil Karlsson Vasa
Kettil Karlsson (Vasa) (c. 1433 – 11 August 1465) was a Swedish clergyman, diplomat, military leader and statesman during the Kalmar Union era. He was a member of the house of Vasa. At age 25, he was elected Bishop of Linköping. He rebelled a ...
(1464), during the interregnum following the first deposition of King
Christian I
Christian I (February 1426 – 21 May 1481) was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union. He was king of Denmark (1448–1481), Norway (1450–1481) and Sweden (1457–1464). From 1460 to 1481, he was also duke of Schleswig (within Den ...
; and again (1465), following the second deposition of
Charles VIII
*
Erik Axelsson Tott
Erik Axelsson (Tott) (c. 1419–1481) was a Dano-Swedish statesman and regent of Sweden under the Kalmar Union, jointly with Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna in 1457 and alone from 1466 to 1467.
Biography
He was born in Scania during the reign of K ...
(1457; together with Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna) (1466–1467), following the end of Jöns Oxenstierna's second regency.
*
Sten Sture the Elder
Sten Sture the Elder ( sv, Sten Sture den äldre; 1440 – 14 December 1503) was a Swedish statesman and regent of Sweden from 1470–1497 and 1501–1503. As the leader of the victorious Swedish separatist forces against the royal unionist fo ...
(1470–1497, 1501–1503) the longest-serving regent during the
Kalmar Union
*
Svante Nilsson (1503–1512), succeeding Sten Sture the Elder.
*
Erik Trolle
Eric Trolle (or Erik Arvidsson) (c. 1460–1530) was elected regent of Sweden in 1512, during the era of Kalmar Union. He was Justiciar of Närke and a Lord High Councillor of Sweden from 1487.
Biography
Eric Arvidsson was born around 1460 into ...
1512.
*
Sten Sture the Younger
Sten Sture the Younger ( sv, Sten Sture den yngre) (1493 – 3 February 1520), was a Swedish nobleman who served as the regent of Sweden, during the era of the Kalmar Union.
Biography
Sture was born in 1493, as the son of Svante Nilsson (rege ...
(1512–1520), succeeding Svante Sture.
*
Gustav Eriksson Vasa was firstly Regent (1521–1523) after the final dissolution of Kalmar Union, but soon was proclaimed King.
* Duke
Charles of Södermanland (1599–1604) after ousting his Catholic nephew King
Sigismund Sigismund (variants: Sigmund, Siegmund) is a German proper name, meaning "protection through victory", from Old High German ''sigu'' "victory" + ''munt'' "hand, protection". Tacitus latinises it '' Segimundus''. There appears to be an older form of ...
, until he himself claimed the throne.
*
Axel Oxenstierna
Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna af Södermöre (; 1583–1654), Count of Södermöre, was a Swedish statesman. He became a member of the Swedish Privy Council in 1609 and served as Lord High Chancellor of Sweden from 1612 until his death. He was a c ...
(1632–1644), during the minority of Queen
Christina.
* Dowager Queen
Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp
Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp (23 October 1636 – 24 November 1715) was Queen of Sweden from 1654 until 1660 as the wife of King Charles X Gustav. She served as regent during the minority of her son, King Charles XI, from 1660 until 1672, ...
(1660–1672), during the minority of her son King
Charles XI
Charles XI or Carl ( sv, Karl XI; ) was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death, in a period of Swedish history known as the Swedish Empire (1611–1721).
He was the only son of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein- ...
, again (1697–1699), during the minority of her grandson King
Charles XII
Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII ( sv, Karl XII) or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), was King of Sweden (including current Finland) from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of ...
, and finally, ''de facto'', during Charles's absence from Sweden during the early years of the
Great Northern War (1700–1713).
*
Princess Ulrika Eleonora, during the frequent absences of her brother, Charles XII, in the later years of the Great Northern War (1713–1718)
*
Charles, Duke of Södermanland (1792–1796) for his underage nephew
Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, and again (1809) after Gustav IV Adolf was deposed and before Charles himself was proclaimed King Charles XIII.
* Crown Prince
Charles John (1810–1818), for his adoptive father King
Charles XIII
Charles XIII, or Carl XIII ( sv, Karl XIII, 7 October 1748 – 5 February 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway from 1814 to his death. He was the second son (and younger brother to King Gustav III) of King Adolf Frederick of S ...
, due to Charles XIII's incapacity.
* Crown Prince
Charles (1857–1859), for his father King
Oscar I, due to Oscar's incapacity.
United Kingdom and its predecessor realms
*
George, Prince Regent (1811–1820), during the
incapacity of his father,
George III
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...
.
* While
Charles, Prince of Wales
Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He was the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales and, at age 73, became the oldest person to a ...
was never officially made regent, he unofficially took on many of the roles of his mother,
Elizabeth II, late in her reign due to her advanced age.
= Kingdom of Great Britain
=
* After the death of
Queen Anne in 1714 a regency under
Lord Parker, the
Lord Chief Justice, was set up while
King George I was sent for to take up the crown.
*
George, Prince of Wales (1716–17), during the absence of his father, George I.
*
Caroline of Ansbach
, father = John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
, mother = Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Ansbach, Principality of Ansbach, Holy Roman Empire
, death_date =
, death_place = St James's Pal ...
(1729; 1732; 1735; 1736–37), during the absences of her husband,
George II George II or 2 may refer to:
People
* George II of Antioch (seventh century AD)
* George II of Armenia (late ninth century)
* George II of Abkhazia (916–960)
* Patriarch George II of Alexandria (1021–1051)
* George II of Georgia (1072–1089) ...
.
= Kingdom of England
=
*
Ælfthryth (978–984), during the minority of her son King
Æthelred the Unready.
*
William Longchamp
William de Longchamp (died 1197) was a medieval Lord Chancellor, Chief Justiciar, and Bishop of Ely in England. Born to a humble family in Normandy, he owed his advancement to royal favour. Although contemporary writers accused Longchamp's fat ...
(intermittently 1189–1197), during the absences of
Richard I on the
Third Crusade, imprisoned in the
Holy Roman Empire, and in France.
*
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1216–1219) and then
Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent (1219–1227), during the minority of King
Henry III
* A regency council headed by
Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (1327–1330) during the minority of
Edward III
*
John, Duke of Bedford (1422–1435),
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester and
Henry Beaufort (1422–1437),
during the minority of their nephew,
Henry VI
*
Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (1454–1455; 1455–1456), during the incapacity of his cousin, Henry VI
*
Richard, Duke of Gloucester (1483), during the minority of his nephew,
Edward V
*
Lady Margaret Beaufort (1509) during the minority of her grandson
Henry VIII
* Queen
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine of Aragon (also spelt as Katherine, ; 16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536) was Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 11 June 1509 until their annulment on 23 May 1533. She was previousl ...
(1513) while
Henry VIII was in France. In this time she played a large role in the defeat of the Scots at the
Battle of Flodden
The Battle of Flodden, Flodden Field, or occasionally Branxton, (Brainston Moor) was a battle fought on 9 September 1513 during the War of the League of Cambrai between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, resulting in an English ...
, and was Queen Regent for several months.
* Queen
Catherine Parr
Catherine Parr (sometimes alternatively spelled Katherine, Katheryn, Kateryn, or Katharine; 1512 – 5 September 1548) was Queen of England and Ireland as the last of the six wives of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 12 July 1543 until ...
(1544), while
Henry VIII was in France.
*
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (1547–1549), during the minority of his nephew,
Edward VI
*
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1550–1553), during the minority of Edward VI
* During the month of March 1617,
Francis Bacon served as regent of England during the reign of
King James I of England
*
William III personally led his army into battle each year during the
Nine Years' War (1689–1698). In his absence, the kingdom was administered by his wife and co-ruler
Queen Mary II until her death in 1694, and thereafter by a council of seven Lord Justices (sometimes referred to as the "Lords Regent"):
William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire (1640–1707),
Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset (1638–1706),
Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin
Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin, (15 June 1645 – 15 September 1712) was a leading British politician of the late 17th and the early 18th centuries. He was a Privy Councillor and Secretary of State for the Northern Department bef ...
(1645–1712),
Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke
Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke and 5th Earl of Montgomery, (c. 165622 January 1733), styled The Honourable Thomas Herbert until 1683, was an English and later British statesman during the reigns of William III and Anne.
Background
Herb ...
(1656–1733),
Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury
Charles Talbot, Duke of Shrewsbury, KG, PC (15 July 16601 February 1718) was an English politician who was part of the Immortal Seven group that invited Prince William III of Orange to depose King James II of England during the Glorious R ...
(1660–1718),
John Somers, Baron Somers (1651–1716), and
Thomas Tenison
Thomas Tenison (29 September 163614 December 1715) was an English church leader, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1694 until his death. During his primacy, he crowned two British monarchs.
Life
He was born at Cottenham, Cambridgeshire, the son a ...
, Archbishop of Canterbury.
= Kingdom of Scotland
=
* A regency council of six Guardians existed (1286–1290) during the minority of
Margaret, Maid of Norway. These were;
William Fraser,
Bishop of St Andrews
The Bishop of St. Andrews ( gd, Easbaig Chill Rìmhinn, sco, Beeshop o Saunt Andras) was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of St Andrews in the Catholic Church and then, from 14 August 1472, as Archbishop of St Andrews ( gd, Àrd-easbaig ...
;
Donnchadh III, Earl of Fife
Donnchadh III or Duncan was Earl of Fife (or Mormaer) from 1270/2 to 1288.
He succeeded as only a child, the son of the previous Mormaer Colbán, who died young. During his minority, William Wishart, Bishop of St Andrews, became ''custos'' of ...
(followed by
Donnchadh IV, Earl of Fife
Donnchadh IV, Earl of Fife ''Duncan IV(1289–1353) was sometime Guardian of Scotland, and ruled Fife until his death. He was the last of the native Scottish rulers of that province.
He was born in late 1289, the same year as his father Donn ...
);
Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan
Alexander Comyn, 2nd Earl of Buchan (died 1289) was a Scoto-Norman magnate who was one of the most important figures in the 13th century Kingdom of Scotland. He was the son of William Comyn, jure uxoris Earl of Buchan, and Marjory, Countess ...
;
Robert Wishart
Robert Wishart was Bishop of Glasgow during the Wars of Scottish Independence and a leading supporter of Sir William Wallace and King Robert Bruce. For Wishart and many of his fellow churchmen, the freedom of Scotland and the freedom of th ...
,
Bishop of Glasgow
The Archbishop of Glasgow is an archiepiscopal title that takes its name after the city of Glasgow in Scotland. The position and title were abolished by the Church of Scotland in 1689; and, in the Scottish Episcopal Church, it is now part of th ...
;
James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland
James Stewart (c. 1260 - 16 July 1309) was the 5th Hereditary High Steward of Scotland and a Guardian of Scotland during the First Interregnum.
Origins
He was the eldest surviving son of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland (d. 1283 ...
; and
John Comyn II of Badenoch
*
William Wallace
Sir William Wallace ( gd, Uilleam Uallas, ; Norman French: ; 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence.
Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated an English army a ...
(1298), claiming to act as regent on behalf of the deposed King
John
*
Robert the Bruce,
Earl of Carrick (1298–1300)
*
John Comyn III of Badenoch (1298–1301; 1302–1304)
*
William Lamberton
William de Lamberton, sometimes modernized as William Lamberton, (died 20 May 1328) was Bishop of St Andrews from 1297 (consecrated 1298) until his death. Lamberton is renowned for his influential role during the Scottish Wars of Independence. ...
,
Bishop of St Andrews
The Bishop of St. Andrews ( gd, Easbaig Chill Rìmhinn, sco, Beeshop o Saunt Andras) was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of St Andrews in the Catholic Church and then, from 14 August 1472, as Archbishop of St Andrews ( gd, Àrd-easbaig ...
(1299–1301)
*
Sir Ingram de Umfraville (1300–1301)
*
John de Soules (1301–1304)
*
Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray (1329–1332) (during the minority of
David II)
*
Donald, Earl of Mar (1332) (during the minority of
David II)
*
Sir Andrew Murray
Sir Andrew Murray (1298–1338), also known as Sir Andrew Moray, or Sir Andrew de Moray, was a Scottish military and political leader who supported King David II of Scotland against Edward Balliol and King Edward III of England during the Secon ...
(1332) (during the minority of
David II)
*
Sir Archibald Douglas (1332–1333) (during the minority of
David II)
*
Robert Stewart, 7th High Steward of Scotland (1334–1335) (during the minority of his half-uncle
David II)
*
John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray
John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray (died 17 October 1346) was an important figure in the reign of David II of Scotland, and was for a time joint Regent of Scotland.
Family
He was son of the famous Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray, a companion-i ...
(1334–1335) (during the minority of
David II)
*
Sir Andrew Murray
Sir Andrew Murray (1298–1338), also known as Sir Andrew Moray, or Sir Andrew de Moray, was a Scottish military and political leader who supported King David II of Scotland against Edward Balliol and King Edward III of England during the Secon ...
(1335–1338) (during the minority of
David II)
*
Robert Stewart, 7th High Steward of Scotland (1338–1341; 1346–1357) (during the minority and later captivity of his half-uncle
David II)
*
John Stewart, Earl of Carrick
John Stewart, Earl of Carrick, Lord Kinclaven (died ''c.'' 1645) was a Scottish nobleman, the third son of Robert, Earl of Orkney, a bastard son of King James V.
Stewart was soon linked with the widow "Mistress Southwell". In November 1604 he ...
(1384–1388) (during the incapacity of his father,
Robert II)
*
Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Fife (1388–1393) (during the incapacity of his father,
Robert II and of his brother,
Robert III)
*
David Stewart, 1st Duke of Rothesay
David Stewart (24 October 1378 – 26 March 1402) was heir apparent to the King of Scots, throne of Scotland from 1390 and the first Duke of Rothesay from 1398. He was named after his great-great-uncle, David II of Scotland, and also held t ...
(1399–1401) (during the incapacity of his father, Robert III)
*
Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany (1401–1420) (during the incapacity of his brother Robert III, and then during the minority and captivity of his nephew
James I)
*
Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany (1420–1424) (during the captivity of his cousin James I)
*
Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas (1437–1439) (during the minority of
James II)
*
William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton
William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton (died 1454) was an important political figure in the late medieval Kingdom of Scotland.
Life
The son of Sir John Crichton of Crichton, William Crichton is first attested to as one of the Scots noblemen and g ...
and
Sir Alexander Livingston
''Sir'' is a formal honorific address in English for men, derived from Sire in the High Middle Ages. Both are derived from the old French "Sieur" (Lord), brought to England by the French-speaking Normans, and which now exist in French only as ...
(1439–1445) (during the minority of James II)
*
William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas
William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, 2nd Earl of Avondale (1425 – 22 February 1452) was a late Medieval Scottish nobleman, Lord of Galloway, and Lord of the Regality of Lauderdale, and the most powerful magnate in Southern Scotland. He was ki ...
(1445–1449) (during the minority of James II)
*
Mary of Gueldres (1460–1463) (during the minority of her son,
James III)
*
James Kennedy and
Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Lord Kennedy
Gilbert Kennedy of Dunure, 1st Lord Kennedy (22 February 1405 – 27 March 1489) was a Scottish lord, a son of Sir James Kennedy, Younger of Dunure, and Lady Mary Stewart, daughter of Robert III, King of the Scots. He served as one of six Rege ...
(1463–1466) (during the minority of James III)
*
Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd
Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd (died 1482) was a Scottish statesman, Lord Chamberlain of Scotland from 1467.
Biography
Robert Boyd was knighted, and was created a Peer of Parliament (Lord Boyd) by James II of Scotland at some date between 1451 and 1 ...
(1466–1469) (during the minority of James III)
*
Patrick Hepburn (1488–1494) (during the minority of
James IV
James IV (17 March 1473 – 9 September 1513) was King of Scotland from 11 June 1488 until his death at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. He inherited the throne at the age of fifteen on the death of his father, James III, at the Battle of Sauch ...
)
*
Margaret Tudor (1513–1514) (during the minority of her son,
James V)
*
John Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany (1514–1524) (during the minority of his cousin
James V)
*
Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus
Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus (c. 148922 January 1557) was a Scottish nobleman active during the reigns of James V and Mary, Queen of Scots. He was the son of George, Master of Angus, who was killed at the Battle of Flodden, and su ...
and Archbishop
James Beaton
James Beaton (or Bethune) (1473–1539) was a Roman Catholic Scottish church leader, the uncle of David Cardinal Beaton and the Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland.
Life
James Beaton was the sixth and youngest son of John Beaton of Balfour ...
(1524–1528) (during the minority of the former's stepson James V)
*
James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran
James is a common English language surname and given name:
*James (name), the typically masculine first name James
* James (surname), various people with the last name James
James or James City may also refer to:
People
* King James (disambiguat ...
(1542–1554) (during the minority of his cousin,
Mary, Queen of Scots)
*
Mary of Guise (1554–1560) (during the minority of her daughter
Mary, Queen of Scots)
*
James Stuart, 1st Earl of Moray (1567–1570) (during the minority of his nephew
James VI)
*
Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox (1570–1571) (during the minority of his grandson James VI)
*
John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1571–1572) (during the minority of James VI)
*
James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton (c. 1516 – 2 June 1581, aged 65) was the last of the four regents of Scotland during the minority of King James VI. He was in some ways the most successful of the four, since he won the civil war that had b ...
(1572–1581) (during the minority of James VI)
Regents in defunct monarchies
The same notes apply; inclusion in this list reflects the political reality, regardless of claims to the throne.
Asia
China
*
Duke of Zhou
Dan, Duke Wen of Zhou (), commonly known as the Duke of Zhou (), was a member of the royal family of the early Zhou dynasty who played a major role in consolidating the kingdom established by his elder brother King Wu. He was renowned for acting ...
, during the minority of his nephew Song Ji, the
King Cheng of Zhou until he was old enough to rule.
*
Empress Lü
Empress (Dowager) Lü Zhi (241–18 August 180 BC), commonly known as Empress Lü () and formally Empress Gao of Han (), was the empress consort of Gaozu, the founding emperor of the Han dynasty. They had two known children, Liu Ying (later Em ...
*
Huo Guang, during the reign of
Emperor Xuan of Han
Emperor Xuan of Han (Liu Xun 劉詢, né Liu Bingyi 劉病已; born 91 BC – 10 January 48 BC) was the tenth emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty, reigning from 74 to 48 BC, and was one of the only four Western Han emperors to receive a temple n ...
, the emperor reaffirmed that all important matters were to be presented to Huo before Huo would present them to the emperor. The source of title of highest imperial nobility of ancient Japan "
Kanpaku" (Regent).
*
Dong Zhuo
Dong Zhuo () (died 22 May 192), courtesy name Zhongying, was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty. At the end of the reign of the Eastern Han, Dong Zhuo was a general and powerful minist ...
,
Cao Cao,
Cao Pi
Cao Pi () ( – 29 June 226), courtesy name Zihuan, was the first emperor of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the second son of Cao Cao, a warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty, but the eldest son ...
during the reign of
Emperor Xian of Han.
*
Cao Zhen
Cao Zhen (died April or May 231), courtesy name Zidan, was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was an adopted son of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to power in the late Eastern Han dynasty and l ...
,
Cao Xiu
Cao Xiu (died 29 September 228?), courtesy name Wenlie, was a Chinese military general of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. A distant younger relative of the warlord Cao Cao, Cao Xiu started his career in the late Eas ...
,
Chen Qun
Chen Qun (died 7 February 237), courtesy name Changwen, was a Chinese politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He initiated the Nine-rank system for civil service nomination in Wei. Following the death of th ...
,
Sima Yi
Sima Yi ( ; 179 CE – 7 September 251 CE), courtesy name Zhongda, was a Chinese military general, politician, and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
He formally began his political career in 208 un ...
during the reign of Emperor
Cao Rui
Cao Rui () (204 or 206 – 22 January 239), courtesy name Yuanzhong, was the second emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. His parentage is in dispute: his mother, Lady Zhen, was Yuan Xi's wife, but she later remarri ...
.
*
Cao Shuang
Cao Shuang (died 9 February 249), courtesy name Zhaobo, was a Chinese military general and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the eldest son of Cao Zhen, a prominent general of Wei. He initially held ...
, Sima Yi and
Sima Shi during the reign of Emperor
Cao Fang
Cao Fang () (232–274), courtesy name Lanqing, was the third emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. He was an adopted son of Cao Rui, the second ruler of Wei. Cao Fang ruled from 239 to 254 as a nominal emperor be ...
.
*
Sima Zhao
Sima Zhao () (211 – 6 September 265), courtesy name Zishang, was a Chinese military general, politician, and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Sima Zhao capably maintained control of Wei, which had been ...
and
Sima Yan
Emperor Wu of Jin (; 236 – 16 May 290), personal name Sima Yan (), courtesy name Anshi (安世), was the grandson of Sima Yi, nephew of Sima Shi and son of Sima Zhao. He became the first emperor of the Jin dynasty after forcing Cao Huan, ...
during the reign of Emperor
Cao Mao
Cao Mao () (241 – 2 June 260), courtesy name Yanshi, was the fourth emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a grandson of Cao Pi, the first emperor of Wei. Described as intelligent and studious, ...
and Emperor
Cao Huan
Cao Huan () (245/246–302/303), courtesy name Jingming, was the fifth and last emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. On 4 February 266, he abdicated the throne in favour of Sima Yan (later Emperor Wu of the Jin dy ...
.
*
Zhuge Liang,
Jiang Wan
Jiang Wan (180s - November or December 246), courtesy name Gongyan, was a regent and military general of the state of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late Eastern Han dynasty, Jiang Wan initially served as a scribe, c ...
,
Fei Yi during the reign of the Emperor
Liu Shan
Liu Shan () (207–271), courtesy name Gongsi, was the second and last emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. As he ascended the throne at the age of 16, Liu Shan was entrusted to the care of the Chancellor Zhuge ...
.
*
Zhuge Ke
Zhuge Ke (203 – November or December 253), courtesy name Yuanxun (元逊), was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the eldest son of Zhuge Jin, a military gen ...
,
Sun Jun and
Sun Chen during the reign of Emperor
Sun Liang
Sun Liang (245–260), courtesy name Ziming, was the second emperor of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the youngest son and heir of Sun Quan, the founding emperor of Wu. He is also known as the Prince of ...
.
*
Empress Dowager Feng
*
Wu Zetian
*
Xiao Yanyan
Xiao Yanyan (; 953–1009), also known as Empress Dowager Chengtian (承天皇太后) was a Khitan empress and military leader of imperial China's Liao dynasty. She was regent on behalf of her son from 982.
History
Xiao Yanyan was the 3rd chil ...
*
Empress Liu
*
Empress Gao
*
Yang Shiqi
Yang may refer to:
* Yang, in yin and yang, one half of the two symbolic polarities in Chinese philosophy
* Korean yang, former unit of currency of Korea from 1892 to 1902
* YANG, a data modeling language for the NETCONF network configuration pr ...
,
Yang Rong,
Yang Pu,
Zhang Fu
Zhang Fu (; vi, Trương Phụ; 1375–1449), courtesy name Wenbi (), was a Chinese military general
of the Ming dynasty. He was the eldest son of general Zhang Yu, one of Zhu Di's (later Yongle Emperor) finest generals. Zhang Yu was killed in ...
and
Hu Ying during the minority of the
Zhengtong Emperor from 1435 to 1442.
*
Gao Gong
Gao Gong (; 19 January 1513 – 4 August 1578) courtesy name Suqing (), art name
An art name (pseudonym or pen name), also known by its native names ''hào'' (in Mandarin), ''gō'' (in Japanese), ''ho'' (in Korean), and ''tên hiệu'' (in V ...
,
Zhang Juzheng
Zhang Juzheng (; 26 May 1525 – 9 July 1582), courtesy name Shuda (), pseudonym Taiyue (), was a Chinese politician who served as Senior Grand Secretary () in the late Ming dynasty during the reigns of the Longqing and Wanli emperors. He r ...
,
Gao Yi Gao Yi may refer to:
* Gao Yi (canoeist)
* Gao Yi (volleyball)
* Koe Yeet, Malaysian actress, also known as Gāo Yì
{{hndis, Gao, Yi ...
and
Feng Bao Feng may refer to:
*Feng (surname), one of several Chinese surnames in Mandarin:
**Féng (surname) ( wikt:冯 féng 2nd tone "gallop"), very common Chinese surname
**Fèng (surname) ( wikt:鳳 fèng 4th tone "phoenix"), relatively common Chinese fa ...
during the minority of the
Wanli Emperor
The Wanli Emperor (; 4 September 1563 – 18 August 1620), personal name Zhu Yijun (), was the 14th Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1572 to 1620. " Wanli", the era name of his reign, literally means "ten thousand calendars". He was th ...
from 1572 to 1582.
*
Dorgon
Dorgon (, ; 17 November 1612 – 31 December 1650), was a Manchu prince and regent of the early Qing dynasty. Born in the House of Aisin-Gioro as the 14th son of Nurhaci (the founder of the Later Jin dynasty, predecessor of the Qing dynasty) ...
,
Jierhalang and
Duoduo as Prince-Regent, from 1643 to 1650 during the minority of his nephew Fulin, the
Shunzhi Emperor
The Shunzhi Emperor (15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661) was the second emperor of the Qing dynasty of China, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1644 to 1661. A committee of Manchu princes chose him to succee ...
.
*
Sonin,
Suksaha
Suksaha (Manchu: ; ; died 1667) was a Manchu official of the early Qing dynasty from the Nara clan. A military officer who participated in the Manchu conquest of China, Suksaha became one of the Four Regents during the early reign of the Kangxi ...
,
Ebilun
Ebilun (Manchu:, Mölendroff: ebilun; ; died 1673) was a Manchu noble and warrior of the Niohuru clan, most famous for being one of the Four Regents assisting the young Kangxi Emperor from 1661 to 1667, during the early Qing dynasty (1644–191 ...
and
Oboi
Oboi (Manchu: , Mölendorff: Oboi; ) (c. 1610–1669) was a prominent Manchu military commander and courtier who served in various military and administrative posts under three successive emperors of the early Qing dynasty. Born to the Guwalgi ...
during the minority of the
Kangxi Emperor
The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654– 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, born Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1 ...
from 1661 to their various deaths or downfalls. The last one, Oboi fell from grace in 1669.
*
Zaiyuan
Zaiyuan (1816–1861), formally known as Prince Yi, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. He was one of the eight regents appointed by the Xianfeng Emperor to assist his successor, the Tongzhi Emperor.
Life
Zaiyuan was born in the Aisin Gior ...
,
Duanhua
Duanhua (Manchu: ''Duwanhūwa''; 1807 – 1861) was a Manchu prince and regent of the Qing dynasty.
Life
Duanhua was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the third son of Ulgungga (烏爾恭阿), a descendant of Jirgalang, a nephew of Nur ...
,
Sushun,
Jingshou,
Muyin,
Kuangyuan,
Du Han and
Jiao Youying during the minority of the
Tongzhi Emperor in 1861.
*
Empress Dowager Ci'an (1861–1873, 1875–1881),
Empress Dowager Cixi
Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; mnc, Tsysi taiheo; formerly romanised as Empress Dowager T'zu-hsi; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu Yehe Nara clan, was a Chinese noblewoman, concubine and later regent who effectively controlle ...
(1861–1873, 1875–1889, 1898–1908) and
Yixin (1861–1865) during the minority of the
Tongzhi Emperor and de facto ruler for almost the entire reign of the
Guangxu Emperor.
*
Zaifeng, between 1908 and 1911 for his son
Puyi
Aisin-Gioro Puyi (; 7 February 1906 – 17 October 1967), courtesy name Yaozhi (曜之), was the last emperor of China as the eleventh and final Qing dynasty monarch. He became emperor at the age of two in 1908, but was forced to abdicate on 1 ...
,
Empress Dowager Longyu (1908–1912) abdicated monarchy on behalf of Puyi in 1912.
Afghanistan
Before the 1881 unification, there were essentially four rulers' capitals:
Kabul,
Herat
Herāt (; Persian: ) is an oasis city and the third-largest city of Afghanistan. In 2020, it had an estimated population of 574,276, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated south of the Paropamisus Mountains (''Selseleh-ye Safē ...
,
Qandahar
Kandahar (; Kandahār, , Qandahār) is a city in Afghanistan, located in the south of the country on the Arghandab River, at an elevation of . It is Afghanistan's second largest city after Kabul, with a population of about 614,118. It is the ca ...
and
Peshawar (the last now in Pakistan); all their rulers belonged to the
Abdali tribal group, whose name was changed to Dorrani with
Ahmad Shah Abdali
Ahmad Shāh Durrānī ( ps, احمد شاه دراني; prs, احمد شاه درانی), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (), was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of the modern Afghanistan. In July 1747, Ahma ...
. They belong either to the
Saddozay segment of the
Popalzay clan (typically styled
padshah
Padishah ( fa, پادشاه; ; from Persian: r Old Persian: *">Old_Persian.html" ;"title="r Old Persian">r Old Persian: * 'master', and ''shāh'', 'king'), sometimes Romanization of Persian, romanised as padeshah or padshah ( fa, پادشاه; ...
, king) or to the
Mohammadzay segment of the
Barakzay clan (typically with the style
Amir
Emir (; ar, أمير ' ), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremo ...
, in full
Amir al-Mo´menin "Leader of the Faithful"). The Mohammadzay also furnished the Saddozay kings frequently with top counselors, who served occasionally as (Minister-)regents, identified with the epithet Mohammadzay.
South Asia
Ahom Kingdom
* Queen
Phuleshwari (1722-1732) of
Ahom kingdom
* Queen Ambika (1732-1739) of
Ahom kingdom
* Queen Sarbeswari (1739-1744) of
Ahom kingdom
Madurai
* Rani
Mangammal
Rani Mangammal (Mangamma)(died 1705) was a queen regent of the Madurai Nayak kingdom (in present-day Madurai, India) during the minority of her grandson Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha in 1689—1704. She was a popular administrator and is still wide ...
(1684–1703)
of
Madurai Nayak Dynasty
Mughal Empire
*
Bairam Khan
Muhammad Bairam Khan(Persianمحمد بیرام خان) (18 January 150131 January 1561), commonly known as Bairam Khan or Bayram Khan was an important military commander, and later commander-in-chief of the Mughal army, a powerful statesman a ...
(1556–1560) during the minority of
Akbar
Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (25 October 1542 – 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great ( fa, ), and also as Akbar I (), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Hum ...
Vijayanagara Empire
*
Tuluva Narasa Nayaka
Tuluva Narasa Nayaka was the founder of the Tuluva dynsaty of the Vijayanagara Empire. He was the father of Emperor Krishnadevaraya.
Biography
Tuluva Narasa Nayaka, like his father Tuluva Ishvara Nayaka, was a commander in the Vijayanagara Emp ...
for
Thimma Bhupala
Thimma Bhupala (died 1491) was the elder son of Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya, the King of Vijayanagara Empire. During the reign of his father, he was holding the office of ''Yuvaraja''Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bh ...
(1491) and
Narasimha Raya II
Narasimha Raya II (r. 1491-1505) (born = 1468)( Narasimha II, Immadi Narasimha Raya or Dhamma Thimma Raya)Majumdar R.C. (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, p. 305 was the third and last ruler of the Saluva dynasty, t ...
. (1491-1505) Following Narasimha II’s assassination, Narasa’s son,
Viranarasimha Raya
Vira Narasimha Raya (or Vira Narasimha Vira Narasimha III) (reigned 1505–1509) became the king of Vijayanagar empire after the death of Tuluva Narasa Nayaka. Krishna Deva Raya was his younger half-brother.
The death of their capable father ...
, would be crowned emperor.
*
Aliya Rama Raya
Rama Raya (died 23 January 1565 CE), known as "Aliya" (son-in-law in Kannada) was a statesman of the Vijayanagara Empire, the son-in-law of Emperor Krishna Deva Raya and the progenitor of the Aravidu dynasty of Vijayanagar Empire, the fourth and ...
for
Sadasiva Raya. (1542 to 1556)
Qutub Shahi Dynasty
*Saif Khan for
Subhan Quli Qutb Shah
Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550) was 7 years old, when he became Sultan of Golconda, after the death of his father Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah, in 1550. Saif Khan, also known as ''Ainul Mulk'', was sent from Ahmednagar for the performance o ...
. (1550)
Holkar Dynasty
*
Ahilyabai Holkar during the reign of her son
Male Rao Holkar
Shrimant Subhedar Male Rao Holkar II Bahadur (1745 – 5 April 1767), belonging to the Holkar dynasty of the Marathas was the Maharaja of Indore
Indore () is the largest and most populous city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It se ...
. ( 1766 to 1767)
Travancore
Both before and during the
British raj
The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent;
*
* it is also called Crown rule in India,
*
*
*
*
or Direct rule in India,
* Quote: "Mill, who was himsel ...
(colonial rule), most of India was ruled by several hundred native
princely houses, many of which have known regencies, under the raj subject to British approval
*
Maharani Gowri Lakshmi Bayi
Maharani Ayilyom Thirunal Gouri Lakshmi Bayi (1791–1815) was the Maharani of the Indian state of Travancore from 1810 till 1813 and Regent from 1813 till her death in 1815 for her son Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma. She was the only Queen of Travan ...
of
Travancore (1811–1815)
* Maharani
Gowri Parvati Bayi
Uthrittathi Thirunal Gowri Parvathi Bayi (1802–1853) was the Regent of the Indian state of Travancore in 1815-1829. She succeeded her sister Maharani Gowri Lakshmi Bayi, till her regency was relinquished in favour of her nephew, Maharajah Swa ...
(1815–1849)
* Maharani
Sethu Lakshmi Bayi
Pooradam Thirunal Sethu Lakshmi Bayi CI (5 November 1895– 22 February 1985) was the monarch, though designated as the Regent due to British policy, of the Kingdom of Travancore in southern India between 1924 and 1931. She, along with her yo ...
(1924–1931)
Vakataka Kingdom
*
Prabhavati (ca. 390–410)
Iran
* Prince
Nasir al-Mulk (1910–1914), during the minority of King
Ahmad Shah Qajar
Ahmad Shah Qajar ( fa, احمد شاه قاجار; 21 January 1898 – 21 February 1930) was Shah of Persia (Iran) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.
Ahmad Shah was born in Tabriz on 21 Janua ...
.
Iraq
In the short-lived Hashemite kingdom, there were three regencies in the reign of the third and last king
Faysal II (b. 1935 – d. 1958; also Head of the 'Arab Union', a federation with the Hashemite sister-kingdom Jordan, from 14 February 1958) :
* 4 April 1939 – 1 April 1941
Prince 'Abd al-Ilah (1st time) (b. 1913 – d. 1958)
* 1 April 1941 – 1 June 1941 Sharaf ibn Rajih al-Fawwaz (b. 1880 – d. 1955)
* 1 June 1941 – 2 May 1953
Crown Prince 'Abd al-Ilah (2nd time)
Korea
*
Daewon-gun
Heungseon Daewongun (흥선대원군, 興宣大院君, 21 December 1820 – 22 February 1898; ), also known as the Daewongun (대원군, 大院君), Guktaegong (국태공, 國太公, "The Great Archduke") or formally Internal King Heungseon Heon ...
, Lord Regent for his son King
Gojong of Joseon during the late 19th century.
Mongolia
*
Tolui
Tolui (also Toluy, Tului; , meaning: "the mirror"; – 1232) was a Mongol khan, the fourth son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun, Börte. At his father's death in 1227, his '' ulus'', or territorial inheritance, was the Mongol homelands on ...
, the son of
Genghis Khan of the
Mongol Empire
*
Töregene, the Great Khatun of the Mongol Empire
*
Oghul Qaimish, the wife of
Güyük Khan
Güyük (also Güyug;; ''c''. March 19, 1206 – April 20, 1248) was the third Khagan-Emperor of the Mongol Empire, the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan. He reigned from 1246 to 1248.
Appearance
According to Giovann ...
Myanmar
*
Naratheinga Uzana: (1230/31–1235), during the reign of King
Htilominlo
Htilominlo ( my, ထီးလိုမင်းလို, ; also called Nadaungmya or Zeya Theinkha Uzana; 1175 – 1235) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1211 to 1235. His 24-year reign marked the beginning of the gradual declin ...
*
Athinkhaya
Athinkhaya ( my, အသင်္ခယာ, ; also spelled Athinhkaya; 1261 – 1310) was a co-founder of Myinsaing Kingdom in present-day Central Burma (Myanmar).Coedès 1968: 209 As a senior commander in the Royal Army of the Pagan Empire, he ...
: (1297–1310), co-regent with his two brothers during the reign of puppet King
Saw Hnit
*
Yazathingyan
Yazathingyan ( my, ရာဇသင်္ကြန်, ; 1263 – 1312/13) was a co-founder of Myinsaing Kingdom in present-day Central Burma (Myanmar).Coedès 1968: 209 As a senior commander in the Royal Army of the Pagan Empire, he, along wi ...
: (1297–1312/13), co-regent
*
Thihathu
Thihathu ( my, သီဟသူ, ; 1265–1325) was a co-founder of the Myinsaing Kingdom, and the founder of the Pinya Kingdom in today's central Burma (Myanmar).Coedès 1968: 209 Thihathu was the youngest and most ambitious of the three brothe ...
: (1297–1313), co-regent, unilaterally declared himself king in 1309
*
Sithu of Pinya
Sithu of Pinya ( my, စည်သူ, ; also known as Myinsaing Sithu) was regent of Pinya from 1340 to 1344.Than Tun 1959: 124 He is not mentioned in any of the royal chronicles. He only appears in a Pinya era inscription as "King" Myinsaing S ...
: (1340–1344), after the abdication of King
Uzana I of Pinya
, image =
, caption =
, reign = February 1325 – 1 September 1340
, coronation =
, succession = King of Pinya
, predecessor = Thihathu
, successor = S ...
*
Maha Dewi: (1383–1384), Princess-Regent during the last weeks of her brother King
Binnya U
Binnya U ( mnw, ဗညာဥူ, my, ဗညားဦး, ; also known as Hsinbyushin; 1323–1384) was king of Martaban–Hanthawaddy from 1348 to 1384. His reign was marked by several internal rebellions and external conflicts. He survived th ...
Nepal
*
Prince Gyanendra was regent following the murder of his brother
King Birendra
Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev ( ne, श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव ) (28 December 1945 – 1 June 2001) was the tenth Shah Ruler and the King of N ...
, during the four-day coma of Birenda's son
King Dipendra upon whose death he succeeded as King
Tibetan Empire
*
Khri ma lod
Empress Khri ma lod (or Thrimalö) was an Empress regent of Tibet. She was Empress consort by marriage to emperor Mangsong Mangtsen. She was the ruler of the Tibetan empire twice: in 675-689 during the minority of her son emperor Tridu Songtsen, ...
for her son
Tridu Songtsen (675–689) and again for her grandson
Me Agtsom (704–712)
Turkey
*
Yariri for the later king
Kamani in the
Neo-Hittite
The states that are called Syro-Hittite, Neo-Hittite (in older literature), or Luwian-Aramean (in modern scholarly works), were Luwian and Aramean regional polities of the Iron Age, situated in southeastern parts of modern Turkey and northwestern ...
state of
Carchemish
Carchemish ( Turkish: ''Karkamış''; or ), also spelled Karkemish ( hit, ; Hieroglyphic Luwian: , /; Akkadian: ; Egyptian: ; Hebrew: ) was an important ancient capital in the northern part of the region of Syria. At times during i ...
located at the present-day border of Turkey and Syria (early to mid 8th century BC).
[Trevor Bryce: ''The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History''. Oxford, New York 2012, p. 95.]
*
Kösem Sultan, Naib-i-Sultanat (regent) of the
Ottoman Empire during the minority of her son
Murad IV (10 September 1623 – 1632) and her grandson
Mehmed IV (8 August 1648 – 2 September 1651)
*
Turhan Hatice Sultan
Turhan Hatice Sultan ( ota, تورخان سلطان, "''nobility of the Khan''" or ''mercy of the Khan'' " and "''respecful lady''"; 1627 – 4 August 1683) was the first Haseki Sultan of the Ottoman Sultan Ibrahim (reign 1640–48) and Va ...
, Naib-i-Sultanat (regent) of the
Ottoman Empire during the minority of her son
Mehmed IV (3 September 1651 – 1656)
Vietnam
*
Queen Jiu during the reign of her son King
Zhao Xing.
*
Lê Hoàn
Lê Hoàn (10 August 941 – 18 March 1005), posthumously title Lê Đại Hành, was a Vietnamese emperor and the third ruler of Dai Viet kingdom, ruling from 981 to 1005. He first served as the generalissimo commanding a ten-thousand man ar ...
and Empress Dowager
Dương Vân Nga during the short reign of her son Emperor
Đinh Phế Đế
Đinh Phế Đế (974–1001; literally "Overthrown Emperor of the Đinh") was the second and also the last emperor of the Đinh dynasty. His birth name was Đinh Toàn ( 丁 璿) or Đinh Tuệ ( 丁 穗). He was the son of Đinh Tiên Hoàng ...
(''lit. Deposed Emperor Dinh''), after her husband Emperor
Đinh Tiên Hoàng Dinh is a Vietnamese surname. In Vietnam, the surname is spelled Đinh or Đình but ''Đình'' is very rare in Vietnamese.
Notable people
* Andy Dinh, Team SoloMid owner, player
* Dan Dinh, ''League of Legends '' player, brother of Andy Dinh
* Đ ...
was assassinated.
*
Empress Mother Linh Nhân, while her husband Emperor
Lý Thánh Tông
Lý Thánh Tông (30 March 1023 – 1 February 1072), personal name Lý Nhật Tôn , temple name Thánh Tông, was the third emperor of the Lý dynasty and the 8th ruler of the Vietnamese kingdom Đại Việt. In his reign, Lý Thánh Tông ...
led a military campaign against the kingdom of
Champa
Champa (Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ; km, ចាម្ប៉ា; vi, Chiêm Thành or ) were a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is contemporary central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd cen ...
(1st time) and again, during the reign of her son Emperor
Lý Nhân Tông
Lý Nhân Tông (22 February 1066 – 15 January 1128), personal name Lý Càn Đức, temple name Nhân Tông was the fourth monarch of the Lý dynasty, ruling the kingdom of Đại Việt
Đại Việt (, ; literally Great Việt), often ...
(2nd time).
*
Empress Mother Linh Chiếu (1138–1158) for her son Emperor
Lý Anh Tông.
*
Trần Thừa and
Trần Thủ Độ during the reign of Emperor
Trần Thái Tông.
Trần Thừa also called Retired Emperor Trần Thái Tổ, is Emperor
Trần Thái Tông's father. He was the only "''Emperor''" who did not held the throne of the
Trần Dynasty
The Trần dynasty, ( Vietnamese: Nhà Trần, chữ Nôm: 茹陳)also known as the House of Trần, was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled over the Kingdom of Đại Việt from 1225 to 1400. The dynasty was founded when emperor Trần Thái ...
. Grand Chancellor
Trần Thủ Độ is
Trần Thái Tông's uncle.
*
Hồ Quý Ly
Hồ Quý Ly ( vi-hantu, 胡季犛, born 1336) ruled Đại Ngu (Vietnam) from 1400 to 1401 as the founding emperor of the short-lived Hồ dynasty. Quý Ly rose from a post as an official served the court of the ruling Trần dynasty and a mili ...
, during the reign of Trần dynasty's emperors ─
Trần Thuận Tông
Trần Thuận Tông (1378 – April 1399), given name Trần Ngung, was the eleventh emperor of the Trần dynasty who reigned in Đại Việt from 1388 to 1398. He was chosen to succeed to this position by his father, the Retired Emperor T ...
&
Trần Thiếu Đế
Trần Thiếu Đế ( vi-hantu, 陳少帝, 1396–?), was the twelfth and the last emperor of the Trần dynasty who reigned over Vietnam from 1398 to 1400.
Biography
Trần Thiếu Đế's name (𤇼 / Yên) was suggested by '' Khâm định Vi ...
; and later, the reign of his son ─ Emperor
Hồ Hán Thương of
Hồ dynasty.
*
Empress Mother Tuyên Từ (1443–1453), during the reign of her son Emperor
Lê Nhân Tông
Lê Nhân Tông (黎仁宗, 28 May 1441 – 25 October 1459), birth name Lê Bang Cơ (黎邦基) was the third emperor of the Later Lê dynasty from 1453 until his murder in a coup in 1459. He was a grandson of the emperor Lê Lợi. During nearl ...
.
* Consort Tuyên ─
Đặng Thị Huệ (Consort of Lord
Trịnh Sâm
Trịnh Sâm (, 9 February 1739 – 13 September 1782) ruled northern Vietnam from 1767 to 1782 AD. He ruled with the title "Tĩnh Đô Vương" () and was one of the last of the powerful Trịnh lords. Trịnh Sâm defeated the ancient enemy of t ...
) during the reign of her son, Lord
Trịnh Cán
Điện Đô Vương Trịnh Cán ( vi-hantu, , 1777 – 17 December 1782) was a child heir of northern Vietnam's Trịnh lords and the ninth Trịnh lord. His mother was Đặng Thị Huệ who undertook a war to retain his place as lord, but he ...
.
Africa
Egypt
* Queen
Neithhotep for either
Hor-Aha
Hor-Aha (or Aha or Horus Aha) is considered the second pharaoh of the First Dynasty of Egypt by some Egyptologists, while others consider him the first one and corresponding to Menes. He lived around the 31st century BC and is thought to have ...
or
Djer
Djer (or Zer or Sekhty) is considered the third pharaoh of the First Dynasty of ancient Egypt in current Egyptology. He lived around the mid- thirty-first century BC and reigned for c. 40 years. A mummified forearm of Djer or his wife was disco ...
(c. 3000 B.C.)
* Queen
Merneith for
Den of Egypt (c. 2950 B.C.)
* Queen
Nimaathap
Nimaathap (also read as Nima'at-Hapi and Nihap-ma'atSilke Roth: ''Die Königsmütter des Alten Ägypten von der Frühzeit bis zum Ende der 12. Dynastie'' (= ''Ägypten und Altes Testament'', vol. 46). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2001, , p. 383.) was ...
for
Djoser
Djoser (also read as Djeser and Zoser) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 3rd Dynasty during the Old Kingdom, and was the founder of that epoch. He is also known by his Hellenized names Tosorthros (from Manetho) and Sesorthos (from Eusebiu ...
(c. 2686 B.C.)
* Queen
Khentkaus I
Khentkaus I, also referred to as Khentkawes, was a royal woman who lived in ancient Egypt during both the Fourth Dynasty and the Fifth Dynasty. She may have been a daughter of king Menkaure, the wife of both king Shepseskaf and king Userkaf ( ...
for an unknown pharaoh
* Queen
Khentkaus II for
Nyuserre Ini
* Queen
Iput I
Iput I was a Queen of Egypt, a daughter of King Unas, the last king of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt. She married Teti, the first Pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt. Their son was Pepi I Meryre.Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal ...
for
Pepi I
Pepi I Meryre (also Pepy I) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, third king of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, who ruled for over 40 years at the turn of the 24th and 23rd centuries BC, toward the end of the Old Kingdom period. He was the son of ...
(c. 2332 B.C.)
* Queen
Ankhesenpepi II
Ankhesenpepi II or Ankhesenmeryre II was a queen consort during the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt. She was the wife of Kings Pepi I and Merenre Nemtyemsaf I, and the mother of Pepi II. She likely served as regent during the minority of her son. She wa ...
for
Pepi II (c. 2278 B.C.)
* Queen
Ahhotep I
Ahhotep I ( egy, jꜥḥ-ḥtp (.w), alternatively Anglicized ''Ahhotpe'' or ''Aahhotep'', " Iah (the Moon) is satisfied") was an ancient Egyptian queen who lived circa 1560–1530 BC, during the end of the Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt. She was ...
for
Ahmose I
Ahmose I ( egy, jꜥḥ ms(j .w), reconstructed /ʔaʕaħ'maːsjə/ ( MK), Egyptological pronunciation ''Ahmose'', sometimes written as ''Amosis'' or ''Aahmes'', meaning "Iah (the Moon) is born") was a pharaoh and founder of the Eighteenth ...
(c. 1550 B.C.)
* Queen
Ahmose-Nefertari
Ahmose-Nefertari (Ancient Egyptian: '' Jꜥḥ ms Nfr trj'') was the first Great Royal Wife of the 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. She was a daughter of Seqenenre Tao and Ahhotep I, and royal sister and wife to Ahmose I. Her son Amenhotep I be ...
for
Amenhotep I
Amenhotep I () ( egy, jmn-ḥtp(w) /jaˌmanuwˈħatpaw/ "Amun is satisfied"; Amarna cuneiform ''a-ma-an-ha-at-pe'' or ''-at-pa''), Amenôthes I, or Amenophis I, (,) from Ancient Greek Ἀμένωφις ,Dodson & Hilton (2004) p.126 additionally ...
(c. 1526 B.C.)
* Queen
Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut (; also Hatchepsut; Egyptian: '' ḥꜣt- špswt'' "Foremost of Noble Ladies"; or Hatasu c. 1507–1458 BC) was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. She was the second historically confirmed female pharaoh, af ...
for
Thutmose III of Egypt
Thutmose III (variously also spelt Tuthmosis or Thothmes), sometimes called Thutmose the Great, was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Officially, Thutmose III ruled Egypt for almost 54 years and his reign is usually dated from 28 ...
during the early part of his reign before she became co-ruling Pharaoh in her own right (c. 1479-1472 B.C.)
* Queen
Mutemwiya
Mutemwiya (also written as Mutemwia, Mutemuya or Mutemweya) was a minor wife of the Eighteenth Dynasty pharaoh Thutmose IV, and the mother of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. Mutemwiya's name means "Mut in the divine barque". While unconfirmed, it has be ...
for
Amenhotep III
Amenhotep III ( egy, jmn-ḥtp(.w), ''Amānəḥūtpū'' , "Amun is Satisfied"; Hellenized as Amenophis III), also known as Amenhotep the Magnificent or Amenhotep the Great, was the ninth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. According to different ...
(c. 1388 B.C.)
* General
Horemheb for
Tutankhamun (c. 1332-1323 B.C.)
* Queen
Twosret
Twosret, also spelled ''Tawosret'' or ''Tausret'' (d. 1189 BC conventional chronology) was the last known ruler and the final pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt.
She is recorded in Manetho's Epitome as a certain ''Thuoris, who in Home ...
for
Siptah
Akhenre Setepenre Siptah or Merenptah Siptah was the penultimate ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. His father's identity is currently unknown. Both Seti II and Amenmesse have been suggested although the fact that Siptah later changed his r ...
(c. 1197-1191 B.C.)
* Prince
Tjahapimu
Tjahapimu or Tjahepimu, (''fl.'' c.360 BCE) was an ancient Egyptian prince, general and regent during the 30th Dynasty.
Biography
Tjahapimu most likely was a son of pharaoh Nectanebo I and thus a brother of pharaoh Teos,Alan B. Lloyd, ''Egypt, 40 ...
for
Djedhor during his military campaigns against the
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, wikt:𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an History of Iran#Classical antiquity, ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Bas ...
(c. 360 B.C.)
* Minister
Agathocles for
Ptolemy V (c. 204-202 B.C.)
* Governor
Tlepolemus
In Greek mythology, Tlepolemus (; Ancient Greek: Τληπόλεμος ''Tlēpólemos'') was the leader of the Rhodian forces in the Trojan War.Homer, ''Iliad'2.653–70
Family
Tlepolemus was a son of Heracles and Astyoche, daughter of Phylas, ...
for
Ptolemy V (c. 202-201 B.C.)
* Minister
Aristomenes
Aristomenes ( grc-gre, Ἀριστομένης) was a king of Messenia, celebrated for his struggle with the Spartans in the Second Messenian War (685–668 BC), and his resistance to them on Mount Eira for 11 years. At length the mountain fell ...
for
Ptolemy V (c. 201-196 B.C.)
* Queen
Cleopatra I
Cleopatra I Syra (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα ἡ Σύρα; c. 204 – 176 BC) was a princess of the Seleucid Empire, Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt by marriage to Ptolemy V of Egypt, and regent of Egypt during the minority of their son, Ptolemy VI ...
for
Ptolemy VI
Ptolemy VI Philometor ( gr, Πτολεμαῖος Φιλομήτωρ, ''Ptolemaĩos Philomḗtōr'';"Ptolemy, lover of his Mother". 186–145 BC) was a Greek king of Ptolemaic Egypt who reigned from 180 to 164 BC and from 163 to 145 BC.
Ptolemy ...
(c. 180-176 B.C.)
* Eulaeus and Lenaeus for
Ptolemy VI
Ptolemy VI Philometor ( gr, Πτολεμαῖος Φιλομήτωρ, ''Ptolemaĩos Philomḗtōr'';"Ptolemy, lover of his Mother". 186–145 BC) was a Greek king of Ptolemaic Egypt who reigned from 180 to 164 BC and from 163 to 145 BC.
Ptolemy ...
(c. 176-170 B.C.)
* Pothinus for
Cleopatra VII
Cleopatra VII Philopator ( grc-gre, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ}, "Cleopatra the father-beloved"; 69 BC10 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and its last active ruler.She was also a ...
and
Ptolemy XIII
Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator ( grc-gre, Πτολεμαῖος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ, ''Ptolemaĩos''; c. 62 BC – 13 January 47 BC) was Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 47 BC, and one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC) ...
(c. 51-48 B.C.)
* Commander
Abu al-Misk Kafur
Abu al-Misk Kafur () (905–968), also called al-Laithi, al-Suri, al-Labi was a dominant personality of Ikhshidid Egypt and Syria."Kāfūr, Abu'l Misk al-Ikhsidi." ''E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936''. Edited by: M. Th. Hout ...
for
Abu'l-Qasim Unujur ibn al-Ikhshid
Abu'l-Qasim Unujur ibn al-Ikhshid ( ar, أبو القاسم أنوجور بن الإخشيد) was the second ruler of the Ikhshidid dynasty, which ruled Egypt, Syria and the Hejaz under the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliphate but ''de facto'' au ...
and
Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Ikhshid
Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Ikhshid ( ar, أبو الحسن علي بن الإخشيد) was the third ruler of the autonomous Ikhshidid dynasty, which ruled Egypt, Syria and the Hejaz for the Abbasid Caliphate. He reigned for six years, between 960-96 ...
(946-966 A.D.)
* Vizier
Ja'far ibn al-Furat for
Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ali
Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ali ibn al-Ikhshid ( ar, أبو الفوارس أحمد بن علي بن الإخشيد) was the last monarch of the autonomous Ikhshidid dynasty, which ruled Egypt, Syria and the Hejaz, from 968 to 969. However, he was a c ...
(968 and 969)
* Prince
Al-Hasan ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Tughj for
Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ali
Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ali ibn al-Ikhshid ( ar, أبو الفوارس أحمد بن علي بن الإخشيد) was the last monarch of the autonomous Ikhshidid dynasty, which ruled Egypt, Syria and the Hejaz, from 968 to 969. However, he was a c ...
(968-969)
*
Wasita Barjawan
Abū'l-Futūh Barjawān al-Ustādh (عَبْدُ الْفُتُوحِ بَرْجَوَانِ الْأُسْتَاذِ; died 25/26 March 1000) was a eunuch palace official who became the prime minister ('' wāsiṭa'') and ''de facto'' regent of th ...
for
Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
Abū ʿAlī Manṣūr (13 August 985 – 13 February 1021), better known by his regnal name al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh ( ar, الحاكم بأمر الله, lit=The Ruler by the Order of God), was the sixth Fatimid caliph and 16th Ismaili imam ...
(996-1000)
* Princess
Sitt al-Mulk
Sitt al-Mulk ( ar, ست الملك, , Lady of the Kingdom ; 970–1023), was a Fatimid princess. After the disappearance of her half-brother, the caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, in 1021, she was instrumental in securing the succession of her ne ...
for
Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah
Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥākim ( ar, أبو الحسن علي ابن الحاكم; 20 June 1005 – 13 June 1036), better known with his regnal name al-Ẓāhir li-iʿzāz Dīn Allāh ( ar, الظاهر لإعزاز دين الله, ...
(1021-1023)
* Vizier
Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i Abu’l-Qāsim ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad al-Jarjarāʾī was a Fatimid official of Iraqi origin, who served as the Fatimid vizier from 1027 until his death on 27 March 1045.
As his ''nisba'' shows, he came from the locality of Jarjaraya, south of Baghdad ...
for
Al-Mustansir Billah
Abū Tamīm Maʿad al-Mustanṣir biʾllāh ( ar, أبو تميم معد المستنصر بالله; 2 July 1029 – 29 December 1094) was the eighth Fatimid Caliph from 1036 until 1094. He was one of the longest reigning Muslim rulers. ...
(1036-1045)
* Caliph Mother
Rasad
Rasad (fl. 1078), also known as Sayyida Rasad, was a politically active Egyptian Caliph mother. She was the de facto regent of Fatimid Egypt as the influential mother of her son, the Fatimid caliph al-Mustansir Billah, between 1044 and 1071. The ...
for
Al-Mustansir Billah
Abū Tamīm Maʿad al-Mustanṣir biʾllāh ( ar, أبو تميم معد المستنصر بالله; 2 July 1029 – 29 December 1094) was the eighth Fatimid Caliph from 1036 until 1094. He was one of the longest reigning Muslim rulers. ...
(1045-1062)
* Prince
Al-Hafiz
Abūʾl-Maymūn ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Mustanṣir, better known by his regnal name as al-Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīn Allāh ( ar, الحافظ لدين الله, , Keeper of God's Religion), was the eleventh Fatimid caliph, ruling over Egyp ...
for
At-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim
Al-Ṭayyib Abūʾl-Qāsim ibn Al-Manṣūr ( ar, ٱلطَّيِّب أَبُو ٱلْقَاسِم ابْن ٱلْمَنْصُوْر) was, according to the Tayyibi Isma'ili- Musta'li sect of Isma'ilism, the twenty-first Imam and the last Cali ...
(1130)
* Vizier
Kutayfat Kutayfāt, also known as Abu Ali Ahmed ibn al-Afdal or al-Afdal Kutayfāt, (d. 1131) was vizier and ''amīr al-juyūsh'' (commander of the armies) to al-Hafiz, Caliph of Egypt, from 1130-1131. He seized power by imprisoning al-Hafiz but was murdere ...
for
At-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim
Al-Ṭayyib Abūʾl-Qāsim ibn Al-Manṣūr ( ar, ٱلطَّيِّب أَبُو ٱلْقَاسِم ابْن ٱلْمَنْصُوْر) was, according to the Tayyibi Isma'ili- Musta'li sect of Isma'ilism, the twenty-first Imam and the last Cali ...
(1130-1131)
* Vizier
Tala'i ibn Ruzzik
Tala'i ibn Ruzzik ( ar, طلائع ﺑﻦ ﺭﺯﻳﻚ, Ṭalāʾīʿ ibn Ruzzīk, with his full titles and surnames ''Abū'l-Gharāt Fāris al-Muslimīn al-Malik al-Ṣāliḥ Ṭalāʾīʿ ibn Ruzzīk al-Ghassānī al-Armanī'') was a military co ...
for
Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah
Abūʾl-Qāsim ʿĪsā ibn al-Ẓāfir ( ar, أبو القاسم عيسى بن الظافر; 1149–1160), better known by his regnal name al-Fāʾiz bi-Naṣr Allāh (), was the thirteenth and penultimate Fatimid caliph, reigning in Egypt from 1 ...
and
Al-Adid
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf ( ar, أبو محمد عبد الله بن يوسف; 1151–1171), better known by his regnal name al-ʿĀḍid li-Dīn Allāh ( ar, العاضد لدين الله, , Strengthener of God's Faith), was the ...
(1154-1161)
* Sultana
Shajar al-Durr
Shajar al-Durr ( ar, شجر الدر, lit=Tree of Pearls), also Shajarat al-Durr (), whose royal name was al-Malika ʿAṣmat ad-Dīn ʾUmm-Khalīl Shajar ad-Durr (; from her nickname , 'mother of Khalil'; died 28 April 1257), was a ruler of Eg ...
following the death of her husband
As-Salih Ayyub
Al-Malik as-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub (5 November 1205 – 22 November 1249), nickname: Abu al-Futuh ( ar, أبو الفتوح), also known as al-Malik al-Salih, was the Ayyubid Kurdish ruler of Egypt from 1240 to 1249.
Early life
In 1221, as- ...
(1249-1250)
* Atabak
Aybak
Izz al-Din AybakThe name Aybeg or Aibak or Aybak is a combination of two Turkic words, "Ay" = Moon and "Beg" or variant "Bak" = Emir in Arabic. -(Al-Maqrizi, Note p.463/vol.1 ) ( ar, عز الدين أيبك) (''epithet:'' al-Malik al-Mu'izz Iz ...
for
Al-Ashraf Musa (1250-1254)
* Emir
Qalawun
( ar, قلاوون الصالحي, – November 10, 1290) was the seventh Bahri Mamluk sultan; he ruled Egypt from 1279 to 1290.
He was called (, "Qalāwūn the Victorious").
Biography and rise to power
Qalawun was a Kipchak, ancient Turkic ...
for
Solamish
)
, predecessor = Al-Said Barakah
, successor = Al-Mansur Qalawun
, spouse =
, issue =
, house = Zahiri
, dynasty = Bahri
, father = al-Zahir Baibars al-Bunduq ...
(1279)
* Emir
Al-Adil Kitbugha
Kitbugha ( ar, كتبغا), royal name: al-Malik al-Adil Zayn-ad-Din Kitbugha Ben Abd-Allah al-Mansuri al-Turki al-Mughli; ar, الملك العادل زين الدين كتبغا بن عبد الله المنصورى التركى المغل� ...
for
Al-Nasir Muhammad
Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun ( ar, الملك الناصر ناصر الدين محمد بن قلاوون), commonly known as an-Nasir Muhammad ( ar, الناصر محمد), or by his kunya: Abu al-Ma'ali () or as Ibn Qal ...
(1293-1294)
* Emir
Baibars al-Jashankir for
Al-Nasir Muhammad
Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun ( ar, الملك الناصر ناصر الدين محمد بن قلاوون), commonly known as an-Nasir Muhammad ( ar, الناصر محمد), or by his kunya: Abu al-Ma'ali () or as Ibn Qal ...
(1299-1304)
* Viceroy
Sayf al-Din Salar
Sayf al-Dīn Salār al-Manṣūrī (–September or October 1310) was the viceroy of the Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad during the latter's second reign (1299–1310). As a boy he was taken captive at the Battle of Elbistan in 1277 and became a ma ...
for
Al-Nasir Muhammad
Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun ( ar, الملك الناصر ناصر الدين محمد بن قلاوون), commonly known as an-Nasir Muhammad ( ar, الناصر محمد), or by his kunya: Abu al-Ma'ali () or as Ibn Qal ...
(1299-1304)
* Emir
Qawsun
Sayf ad-Din Qawsun ibn Abdullah an-Nasiri as-Saqi (1302 – April 1342), commonly known as Qawsun (also spelled ''Qausun'' or ''Qusun'') was a prominent Mamluk emir during the reigns of sultans an-Nasir Muhammad (r. 1310–41), al-Mansur Abu Bakr ...
for
Al-Ashraf Kujuk
Al-Ashraf Ala'a ad-Din Kujuk ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun ( ar, الأشرف علاءالدين كجك), better known as al-Ashraf Kujuk (also spelled ''Küchük''), (1334 – September 1345) was the Mamluk sultan from August 1341 to January 1342. He ...
(1341-1342)
* Emir
Yalbugha al-Umari
Sayf ad-Din Yalbugha ibn Abdullah al-Umari an-Nasiri al-Khassaki, better known as Yalbugha al-Umari or Yalbugha al-Khassaki, was a senior Mamluk emir during the Bahri period. Originally a ''mamluk'' of Sultan an-Nasir Hasan (r. 1347–1351, 1354� ...
for
Al-Mansur Muhammad and
Al-Ashraf Sha'ban
Al-Ashraf Zayn ad-Din Abu al-Ma'ali Sha'ban ibn Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun, better known as al-Ashraf Sha'ban or Sha'ban II, was a Mamluk sultan of the Bahri dynasty in 1363–1377. He was a grandson of Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad (r. 1310–134 ...
(1361-1366)
* Emir
Barquq
Al-Malik Az-Zahir Sayf ad-Din Barquq ( Circassian: Бэркъукъу аз-Захьир Сэфудин; ar, الملك الظاهر سيف الدين برقوق; ruled 1382–1389 and 1390–1399; born in Circassia) was the first Sultan of the ...
for
Al-Mansur Ali II and
As-Salih Hajji
Al-Salih Hajji (Epithet: Al-Salih Salah Zein al-Din Hajji II), also Haji II, was a Mamluk ruler, and the last ruler of the Bahri dynasty in 1382. He briefly ruled again in 1389, during the advent of the Burji dynasty. He fell hostage to Barquq
...
(1377-1382)
* Prince
Mohammed Ali Tewfik
Mohammed Ali Tewfik ( ar, محمد علي توفيق; 9 November 1875 – 18 March 1955) was the heir presumptive of Egypt and Sudan in the periods 1892–1899 and 1936–1952. He was a member of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty.
Regent
He was the so ...
,
Aziz Ezzat Pasha
Aziz Ezzat Pasha () (24 June 1869 – 12 April 1961) was an Egyptian politician.
Foreign Ministry
Born in Cairo and of Albanian origin, Aziz Ezzat Pasha was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge and the now defunct Royal Military Academy, W ...
,
Sherif Sabri Pasha
Sherif Sabri Pasha (), born in Cairo in 1895, was the brother of Nazli Sabri, Queen consort of Egypt. He was thus the maternal uncle of Nazli's son King Farouk I, and served on the three-member Regency Council that was formed in 1936-37 during ...
for
King Farouk I of Egypt
Farouk I (; ar, فاروق الأول ''Fārūq al-Awwal''; 11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965) was the tenth ruler of Egypt from the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 193 ...
(1936–1937)
* Prince
Muhammad Abdul Moneim,
Bahey El Din Barakat Pasha,
Rashad Mehanna for King
Fuad II of Egypt
Fuad II (, full name: Ahmed Fuad bin Farouk bin Ismail bin Ibrahim bin Muhammad Ali; born 16 January 1952), or alternatively Ahmed Fuad II, is a member of the Egyptian Muhammad Ali dynasty. He formally reigned as the last King of Egypt and the ...
(1952–1953)
Ethiopia
*
Eleni of Ethiopia served as regent between 1507 and 1516 during the minority of Emperor
Dawit II.
*
Mentewab
Mentewab ( Ge'ez: ምንትዋብ; c. 1706 – 27 June 1773) was Empress of Ethiopia, consort of Emperor Bakaffa, mother of Iyasu II and grandmother of Iyoas I. She was also known officially by her baptismal name of Walatta Giyorgis (Ge'ez: ወ ...
for her son
Iyasu II
Iyasu II ( Ge'ez: ኢያሱ; 21 October 1723 – 27 June 1755), throne name Alem Sagad ( Ge'ez: ዓለም ሰገድ), was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1730 to 1755, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the son of Emperor Bakaffa and Empr ...
* ''Ras''
Tessema Nadew in 1913 during the minority of
Iyasu who would have been crowned as
Iyasu V
*
Tafari Makonnen from 1916 to 1931 during the reign of a female,
Empress Zewditu (Queen of Kings, ''Nigiste Negestatt''). Upon her death, the regent himself ascended the throne and was crowned as Emperor
Haile Selassie I (King of Kings, ''Negusa Nagast'')
Americas
Brazil
*
John, Prince Regent, was responsible for elevating Brazil to the status of Kingdom in 1815. One year later, he was acclaimed King of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves.
*
Pedro, Prince Regent, was responsible for declaring the independence of Brazil, in 1822, during his regency (1820–1822), after his father, John VI, returned to Portugal. Some months later, he would be acclaimed Emperor of Brazil.
*
Maria Leopoldina, Empress consort of Brazil, acted as Empress Regent while her husband, Pedro I, was away – especially during the war against Uruguay.
* Provisional Triumviral Regency – from 7 April to 18 June 1831, comprised
José Joaquim Carneiro de Campos, Marquess of Caravelas,
Nicolau Pereira de Campos Vergueiro
Nicolau Pereira de Campos Vergueiro, better known as Senator Vergueiro ( pt, Senador Vergueiro) (20 December 1778 – 17 September 1859), was a Portuguese-born Brazilian coffee farmer and politician. He was a pioneer in the implementation of free ...
and
Francisco de Lima e Silva, was formed to rule the country after the
abdication of Pedro I.
* Permanent Triumviral Regency – from 18 June 1831 to 12 October 1835, comprised Francisco de Lima e Silva as well as
José da Costa Carvalho and
João Bráulio Muniz.
*
Diogo Antônio Feijó – from 12 October 1835 to 19 September 1837, during what was considered the advance of the Liberal Party
*
Pedro de Araújo Lima, Marquis of Olinda
Pedro de Araújo Lima, Marquis of Olinda (22 December 1793 – 7 June 1870) was a politician and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil. His long political career spanned the reigns of John VI, Pedro I and Pedro II. He was also one of the founders ...
– from 1837 (provisional to 1838) to 1840, during what was considered the retaken of the Conservative Party.
*
Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil, was Princess Regent of the
Empire of Brazil three times (1871–1872; 1876–1877; 1887–1888) while her father travelled abroad. During her last regency, she signed the abolition of
slavery in Brazil (known as the "
Lei Áurea
The (; from Portuguese: Golden Law), adopted on May 13, 1888, was the law that abolished slavery in Brazil. It was signed by Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (1846–1921), an opponent of slavery, who acted as regent to Emperor Pedro ...
", or ''"Golden Law"''), on 13 May 1888, whereby Isabel got the
sobriquet ''Isabel the Redeemer''. For the act of signing the ''Golden Law'', she was awarded the
Golden Rose by
Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII ( it, Leone XIII; born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci; 2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903) was the head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 to his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the second-old ...
.
Europe
Austria
For most of the reign of the epileptic and severely disabled Emperor
Ferdinand I (1835–1848), Ferdinand's uncle,
Archduke Ludwig (from 1836 to 1848), acted as a ''de facto'' regent.
Bulgaria
*
Stefan Stambolov
Stefan Nikolov Stambolov ( bg, Стефан Николов Стамболов) (31 January 1854 OS– 19 July 1895 OS) was a Bulgarian politician, journalist, revolutionary, and poet who served as Prime Minister and regent. He is consider ...
, during the absence of Prince Alexander Battenberg from the Bulgarian throne between 28 August 1886 and 3 September 1886 and the vacancy of the throne between 7 September 1886 and 14 August 1887.
*
Kiril, Prince of Preslav and
Bogdan Filov
Bogdan Dimitrov Filov ( bg, Богдан Димитров Филов; 10 April 1883 – 1 February 1945) was a Bulgarian archaeologist, art historian and politician. He was prime minister of Bulgaria during World War II. During his tenure, Bulgar ...
and
Nikola Mikhov
Nikola Mihaylov Mihov ( bg, Никола Михайлов Михов, 11 December 1891 – 1 February 1945) was a Bulgarian lieutenant general of artillery who served as one of the three Regents of Bulgaria for the underage Simeon II (1943–44 ...
together as Regency Council, during the minority of the former's nephew
Simeon II (1943–1944).
*
Venelin Ganev
Venelin Yordanov Ganev ( bg, Венелин Йорданов Ганев; 16 February 188025 March 1966) was a Bulgarian lawyer, diplomat, and politician. He was a leading authority on commercial law, and after the Communist coup d'état on 9 Se ...
and
Todor Pavlov
Todor Dimitrov Pavlov (14 February 1890 in Štip, Kosovo Vilayet, Ottoman Empire – 8 May 1977, Sofia, Bulgaria) was a Bulgarian Marxist philosopher, politician, journalist and leading member of the Bulgarian Communist Party.
He was on ...
and
Tsvetko Boboshevski
Tsvetko Petrov Boboshevski ( Bulgarian: Цвятко Петров Бобошевски) was Regent of Bulgaria for the underage Simeon II from 1944 to 1946. The first name is also transliterated
Transliteration is a type of conversion of ...
together as Regency Council, during the minority of
Simeon II (1944–1946)
Finland
After the abdication of
Nicholas II of Russia, the throne of the
Grand Duke of Finland was vacant and according to the constitution of 1772, a regent was installed by the
Finnish Parliament
The Parliament of Finland ( ; ) is the unicameral and supreme legislature of Finland, founded on 9 May 1906. In accordance with the Constitution of Finland, sovereignty belongs to the people, and that power is vested in the Parliament. The ...
during the first two years of Finnish independence, before the country was declared a republic.
*
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, installed in January 1918, resigned in late 1918.
*
Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, resigned 1919 with the passing of the new constitution.
France
*
Anne of Kiev
Anne of Kiev or Anna Yaroslavna, Russian: Анна Ярославна (c. 1030 – 1075) was a Rus' princess who became Queen of France in 1051 upon marrying King Henry I. She ruled the kingdom as regent during the minority of their son Philip ...
and
Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
Baldwin V ( 1012 – 1 September 1067) was Count of Flanders from 1035 until his death. He secured the personal union between the counties of Flanders and Hainaut and maintained close links to the Anglo-Saxon monarchy, which was overthrown by hi ...
(1060–1066), during the minority of her son and his nephew
Philip I Philip(p) I may refer to:
* Philip I of Macedon (7th century BC)
* Philip I Philadelphus (between 124 and 109 BC–83 or 75 BC)
* Philip the Arab (c. 204–249), Roman Emperor
* Philip I of France (1052–1108)
* Philip I (archbishop of Cologne) ...
*
Suger, Abbot of St. Denis (1147–1149), during the absence of
Louis VII
Louis VII (1120 – 18 September 1180), called the Younger, or the Young (french: link=no, le Jeune), was King of the Franks from 1137 to 1180. He was the son and successor of King Louis VI (hence the epithet "the Young") and married Duchess ...
on the
Second Crusade
*
Adèle of Champagne and
Guillaume de Champagne, Archbishop of Reims
William of the White Hands (french: Guillaume aux Blanches Mains; 1135–1202), also called William White Hands, was a French Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal.
William was born in Brosse, Île-de-France, France. He was a son of Theobald II, ...
(1190–1191), during the absence of her son
Philip II Philip II may refer to:
* Philip II of Macedon (382–336 BC)
* Philip II (emperor) (238–249), Roman emperor
* Philip II, Prince of Taranto (1329–1374)
* Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (1342–1404)
* Philip II, Duke of Savoy (1438-1497)
* Philip ...
on the
Third Crusade.
*
Blanche of Castile
Blanche of Castile ( es, Blanca de Castilla; 4 March 1188 – 27 November 1252) was Queen of France by marriage to Louis VIII. She acted as regent twice during the reign of her son, Louis IX: during his minority from 1226 until 1234, and during ...
(1226–1234), during the minority of her son
Louis IX
*
Blanche of Castile
Blanche of Castile ( es, Blanca de Castilla; 4 March 1188 – 27 November 1252) was Queen of France by marriage to Louis VIII. She acted as regent twice during the reign of her son, Louis IX: during his minority from 1226 until 1234, and during ...
(1248–1252) and
Alphonse, Count of Poitou and Toulouse (1248–1254), during the absence of her son and his brother
Louis IX on the
Seventh Crusade.
*
Mathieu de Vendôme, Abbot of Saint-Denis and
Simon de Clermont, Sieur de Nesle, during the absence of
Louis IX on the
Eighth Crusade
The Eighth Crusade was the second Crusade launched by Louis IX of France, this one against the Hafsid dynasty in Tunisia in 1270. It is also known as the Crusade of Louis IX against Tunis or the Second Crusade of Louis. The Crusade did not see an ...
(1270).
*
Philip the Tall
Philip V (c. 1293 – 3 January 1322), known as the Tall (french: Philippe le Long), was King of France and Navarre (as Philip II) from 1316 to 1322.
Philip was the second son of King Philip IV of France and Queen Joan I of Navarre. He was grant ...
(1316), during the interregnum between the death of his brother
Louis X and the birth of Louis' posthumous son
John I, and during the minority of the short-lived John I.
*
Philip, Count of Valois and Anjou (1328), from the death of his cousin
Charles IV until the birth of a posthumous daughter to the late king brought about Valois' own accession to the throne.
*
Joan the Lame (1340) during absence of her husband
Philip VI.
*
Joan the Lame (1345–1346) during absence of her husband
Philip VI.
*
Joan the Lame (1347) during absence of her husband
Philip VI.
*
Charles, the Dauphin (1356–1360), during the
captivity of his father in England
*
Louis I, Duke of Anjou
Louis I, Duke of Anjou (23 July 1339 – 20 September 1384) was a French prince, the second son of John II of France and Bonne of Bohemia. His career was markedly unsuccessful. Born at the Château de Vincennes, Louis was the first of the Angev ...
(1380–1382), during the minority of his nephew
Charles VI
*
Jean, Duke of Berry
John of Berry or John the Magnificent ( French: ''Jean de Berry'', ; 30 November 1340 – 15 June 1416) was Duke of Berry and Auvergne and Count of Poitiers and Montpensier. He was Regent of France during the minority of his nephew 1380-1388 ...
,
Philippe II, Duke of Burgundy, and
Louis II, Duke of Bourbon (1382–1388), during the minority of their nephew,
Charles VI
*
Louis II, Duke of Bourbon and
John, Duke of Berry
John of Berry or John the Magnificent ( French: ''Jean de Berry'', ; 30 November 1340 – 15 June 1416) was Duke of Berry and Auvergne and Count of Poitiers and Montpensier. He was Regent of France during the minority of his nephew 1380-138 ...
(1392–1407), during the insanity of their nephew, Charles VI
*
Isabella of Bavaria (1417–1420) and then
Henry V of England, during the insanity of her husband and his father-in-law, Charles VI; they were opposed by
*
Charles, the Dauphin (1417–1422), Charles VI's eldest surviving son, who also claimed the regency.
*
John, Duke of Bedford (1422–1435), acting as regent on behalf of his nephew, the young
Henry VI of England
Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne ...
in opposition to the king
Charles VII
*
Charlotte of Savoy
Charlotte of Savoy (c. 1441/3 – 1 December 1483) was Queen of France as the second spouse of Louis XI. She served as regent during the king's absence in 1465, and was a member of the royal regency council during her son's minority in 1483.
Lif ...
(1465) during the absence of her husband
Louis XI
Louis XI (3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483), called "Louis the Prudent" (french: le Prudent), was King of France from 1461 to 1483. He succeeded his father, Charles VII.
Louis entered into open rebellion against his father in a short-lived revo ...
*
Anne of France
Anne of France (or Anne de Beaujeu; 3 April 146114 November 1522) was a French princess and regent, the eldest daughter of Louis XI by Charlotte of Savoy. Anne was the sister of Charles VIII, for whom she acted as regent during his minority from ...
and her husband
Pierre de Beaujeu (1483–1491), during the minority of her brother,
Charles VIII
*
Louise of Savoy (1515–1516), during the absence of her son,
Francis I Francis I or Francis the First may refer to:
* Francesco I Gonzaga (1366–1407)
* Francis I, Duke of Brittany (1414–1450), reigned 1442–1450
* Francis I of France (1494–1547), King of France, reigned 1515–1547
* Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lau ...
, in Italy.
*
Louise of Savoy (1523–1526), during the absence at war in Italy, and then the captivity, of her son,
Francis I Francis I or Francis the First may refer to:
* Francesco I Gonzaga (1366–1407)
* Francis I, Duke of Brittany (1414–1450), reigned 1442–1450
* Francis I of France (1494–1547), King of France, reigned 1515–1547
* Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lau ...
*
Catherine de' Medici
Catherine de' Medici ( it, Caterina de' Medici, ; french: Catherine de Médicis, ; 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589) was an Florentine noblewoman born into the Medici family. She was Queen of France from 1547 to 1559 by marriage to King ...
:
**(1552) While her husband
Henry II left the kingdom for the campaign of
Metz
Metz ( , , lat, Divodurum Mediomatricorum, then ) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers. Metz is the prefecture of the Moselle department and the seat of the parliament of the Grand Es ...
.
**(1560–1563) During the minority of her second son,
Charles IX
**(1574) During the absence of her third son,
Henry III, in Poland
*
Marie de' Medici (1610–1614), during the minority of her son,
Louis XIII
*
Anne of Austria
Anne of Austria (french: Anne d'Autriche, italic=no, es, Ana María Mauricia, italic=no; 22 September 1601 – 20 January 1666) was an infanta of Spain who became Queen of France as the wife of King Louis XIII from their marriage in 1615 unt ...
(1643–1651), during the minority of her son
Louis XIV
*
Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (Philippe Charles; 2 August 1674 – 2 December 1723), was a French prince, soldier, and statesman who served as Regent of the Kingdom of France from 1715 to 1723. He is referred to in French as ''le Régent''. ...
(1715–1723), during the minority of
Louis XV; often called "the Regent", since he was the last regent of France. **The related era and style are commonly referred to as the ''
Régence'' (analogous to the
British Regency
The Regency era of British history officially spanned the years 1811 to 1820, though the term is commonly applied to the longer period between and 1837. King George III succumbed to mental illness in late 1810 and, by the Regency Act 1811, ...
period).
** A 136 carat (27.2 g) diamond he acquired in 1717 is known as 'le régent'
*
Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, comte de Provence, while living in exile, self-declared Regent for his nephew
Louis XVII of France
Louis XVII (born Louis Charles, Duke of Normandy; 27 March 1785 – 8 June 1795) was the younger son of King Louis XVI of France and Queen Marie Antoinette. His older brother, Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, died in June 1789, a little over a m ...
after the 1793 guillotining of
King Louis XVI, until the young pretender's death in 1795.
*
Charles-Philippe de France, comte d'Artois, appointed Lieutenant General of the Kingdom by a temporary government from 14 April 1814 until Louis XVIII arrived from England.
*
Empress Eugenie
An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother (empr ...
, three times for her husband,
Napoleon III of France, during his absence.
Greece
*
Josef Ludwig von Armansperg
Josef Ludwig, Graf von Armansperg ( el, Κόμης Ιωσήφ Λουδοβίκος Άρμανσπεργκ; 28 February 1787 – 3 April 1853) served as the Interior and Finance Minister (1826–1828) and Foreign and Finance Minister (1828–1831) u ...
,
Carl Wilhelm von Heideck,
Georg Ludwig von Maurer
Georg Ludwig Maurer, from 1831 Georg Ludwig von Maurer (2 November 1790 – 9 May 1872) was a German statesman and legal historian from the Electoral Palatinate.
Biography
Maurer was born at Erpolzheim, near Dürkheim as the son of a Prot ...
,
Egid von Kobell,
Johann Baptist von Greiner (1833–1835): on behalf of the minor
King Otto.
*
Olga Constantinovna of Russia (1920): on behalf of the minor
King Alexander.
*
Pavlos Kountouriotis (1923–1924): on behalf of the minor
King George II.
*
Georgios Kondylis (1935): on behalf of the minor
King George II.
*
Archbishop Damaskinos Papandreou (1944–1946): on behalf of
King George II until his return after World War II.
*
Crown Prince Constantine, Duke of Sparta (1964): on behalf of the ill
King Paul.
*
General Georgios Zoitakis (1967–1972): appointed by the
military junta of the time when the last reigning king,
Constantine II of Greece
Constantine II ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Βʹ, ''Konstantínos II''; 2 June 1940) reigned as the last King of Greece, from 6 March 1964 until the abolition of the Greek monarchy on 1 June 1973.
Constantine is the only son of King Paul a ...
, fled to exile after a failed royal countercoup.
* Military dictator
Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos (1972–1973): then Prime Minister, assumed the additional role of regent until the monarchy was abolished by referendum.
German Empire
=Anhalt
=
*
Prince Aribert (1918), during the minority of his nephew, Duke
Joachim Ernst.
=Baden
=
*
Prince Frederick (1852–1856), during the incapacity of his brother, Grand Duke
Louis II.
=Bavaria
=
*
Prince Luitpold (1886–1912), during the incapacity of his nephews,
Ludwig II and
Otto.
*
Prince Ludwig
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...
(1912–1913), during the incapacity of his cousin,
Otto.
=Brunswick
=
*
George, Prince of Wales, later King
George IV of the United Kingdom (1815–1823), during the minority of his cousin, Duke
Charles II.
*
Prince Albrecht of Prussia (1885–1906), during the interregnum following the death of Duke
Wilhelm in 1884, when the throne could not be filled due to the status of the heir, the
Duke of Cumberland
Duke of Cumberland is a peerage title that was conferred upon junior members of the British Royal Family, named after the historic county of Cumberland.
History
The Earldom of Cumberland, created in 1525, became extinct in 1643. The dukedom ...
, as an enemy of the Reich.
*
Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1907–1913), for the same reason.
=Hanover
=
*
George, Prince of Wales (1813–1820), due to the insanity of his father, King
George III
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...
.
=Hesse-Kassel
=
*
Electoral Prince Frederick William (1831–1847), due to the incapacity of his father, Elector
William II.
=Lippe
=
*
Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe
Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe (german: Adolf Wilhelm Viktor; 20 July 1859 – 9 July 1916) was a German prince of the House of Schaumburg-Lippe and a Prussian General of the Cavalry. He was regent of the Principality of Lippe from 1895 ...
(1895–1897), due to the incapacity of his cousin, Prince
Alexander
Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.
Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...
.
*
Count Ernst of Lippe-Biesterfeld
Ernst, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld (''Ernst Kasimir Friedrich Karl Eberhard''; 9 June 1842 – 26 September 1904) was the head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. From 1897 until his death he was the regent of the Principality o ...
(1897–1904), for the same reason.
*
Count Leopold of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1904–1905), for the same reason.
=Mecklenburg-Schwerin
=
*
Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1897–1901), due to the minority of his nephew, Grand Duke
Friedrich Franz IV.
=Mecklenburg-Strelitz
=
*
Friedrich Franz IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1918), due to the near extinction of the Mecklenburg-Strelitz line.
=Prussia
=
*
Prince William (1858–1861), during the incapacity of his brother
Frederick William IV.
=Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
=
*
Prince Ernst of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1900–1905), during the minority of his cousin Duke
Charles Edward.
=Saxe-Meiningen
=
*
Luise Eleonore of Hohenlohe (1803–1821), during the minority of her son, Duke
Bernard II.
=Saxe-Weimar
=
*
Anna Amalia of Brunswick (1758–1775), during the minority of her son, Duke
Carl August.
=Saxony
=
*
Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria
Maria Antonia, Princess of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony (18 July 1724 – 23 April 1780) was a German princess, composer, singer, harpsichordist and patron of the arts, known particularly for her operas: ''Il trionfo della fedeltà'' (“The ...
(1763–1769), during the minority of her son, Elector
Frederick Augustus III.
=Waldeck
=
*
Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (1845–1852), during the minority of her son, Prince
George Victor.
Hungary
*
Helena and
Beloš Vukanović
Beloš ( sr-cyr, Белош; hu, Belos or ''Belus''; el, Βελούσης fl. 1141–1163), was a Serbian prince and Hungarian palatine who served as the regent of Hungary from 1141 until 1146, alongside his sister Helena, mother of the infan ...
, in 1141–1146 during the rule of infant
Géza II Géza is a Hungarian given name and may refer to any of the following:
* Benjamin Géza Affleck
* Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians
* Géza I of Hungary, King of Hungary
* Géza II of Hungary, King of Hungary
* Géza, son of Géza II of Hunga ...
. Helena was the mother and Beloš her brother.
*
Andrew of Hungary, between 1204–1205 during the rule of the infant
Ladislaus III
*
Elizabeth of Bosnia, regent for her daughter
Mary
Mary may refer to:
People
* Mary (name), a feminine given name (includes a list of people with the name)
Religious contexts
* New Testament people named Mary, overview article linking to many of those below
* Mary, mother of Jesus, also call ...
between 1382–1385 and in 1386. Had assassinated her daughter's opponent
Charles II, but was murdered herself the following year.
*
John Hunyadi, during
Ladislaus V's minority
*
Michael Szilágyi
Michael Szilágyi de Horogszeg ( hu, horogszegi Szilágyi Mihály; c. 1400 – 1460) was a Hungarian general, Regent of Hungary, Count of Beszterce and Head of Szilágyi–Hunyadi Liga.
Family
He was born in the early 15th century as vic ...
in 1458, between Ladislaus V's death and the crowning of
Matthias I
*
George Martinuzzi
George Martinuzzi, O.S.P. (born Juraj Utješenović, also known as György Martinuzzi, Brother György, Georg Utiessenovicz-Martinuzzi or György Fráter, hu, Fráter György; 1482 – 16 December 1551), was a Croatian nobleman, Pauline m ...
(1540–1551) and
Isabella Jagiellon
Isabella Jagiellon ( hu, Izabella királyné, links=no; pl, Izabela Jagiellonka, links=no; 18 January 1519 – 15 September 1559) was the Queen consort of Hungary. She was the oldest child of Polish King Sigismund I the Old, the Grand Duke of Li ...
(1556–1559) for
John II
*
Lajos Kossuth
Lajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva (, hu, udvardi és kossuthfalvi Kossuth Lajos, sk, Ľudovít Košút, anglicised as Louis Kossuth; 19 September 1802 – 20 March 1894) was a Hungarian nobleman, lawyer, journalist, polit ...
, under the
Hungarian Revolution of 1848
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 or fully Hungarian Civic Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849 () was one of many European Revolutions of 1848 and was closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas. Although th ...
*
Joseph August
Joseph H. August, A.S.C. (26 April 1890 – 25 September 1947) was an American cinematographer and co-founder of the American Society of Cinematographers.
His films included '' Gunga Din'' (1939) for which he was nominated for Academy Award for ...
, briefly after the fall of the
Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919. He is the last
Habsburg to be a head of state.
* Admiral
Miklós Horthy during the period of
Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1944)
Iceland
*
Hermann Jónasson,
Stefán Jóhann Stefánsson
Stefán Jóhann Stefánsson (20 July 1894 – 20 October 1980) was the first actual minister of Foreign Affairs in Iceland from 18 November 1941 to 17 January 1942. He was prime minister of Iceland from 4 February 1947 to 6 December 1949. He was ...
,
Eysteinn Jónsson
Eysteinn Jónsson (13 November 1906 – 11 August 1993) was an Icelandic politician and former minister. He was the Minister of Finance of Iceland from 1934 to 1939 and from 1950 to 1954 and from 1954 to 1958. He served as speaker of the Althing
...
,
Jakob Ragnar Valdimar Möller,
Ólafur Thors during Denmark's occupation between 1940 to 1941.
*
Sveinn Björnsson
Sveinn Björnsson (; 27 February 1881 – 25 January 1952) was the first president of Iceland (1944–1952).
Background, education and legal career
Sveinn was born in Copenhagen, Denmark as the son of Björn Jónsson (editor and later minister ...
was regent for
King Christian X during Denmark's occupation between 1941 to 1944.
Italy
*
Prince Umberto, Prince of Piedmont was regent for his father,
King Vittorio Emanuele III, between 1944 and 1946 (whom he briefly succeeded as Umberto II of Italy, King Umberto II)
Italy
=Mantua
=
* Isabella d'Este (1519–1521), during the minority of her son Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, Federico II.
=Parma
=
* Margherita de' Medici (1646–1648), during the minority of her son Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma, Ranuccio II
* Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg, Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg (1731) during the absence of her grandson Charles III of Spain, Charles I
* Louise d'Artois (1854–1859), during the minority of her son Robert, Duke of Parma, Robert I.
=Savoy
=
* Christine Marie of France (1637–1663), during the minority of her son Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy, Charles Emmanuel II.
* Marie Jeanne of Savoy (1675–1680), during the minority of her son Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, Victor Amadeus II.
Portugal
* Theresa, Countess of Portugal, Countess Teresa, during the minority of her son Afonso I of Portugal, Afonso I (1112–1139). Styled herself ''Queen of Portugal''.
* Afonso III of Portugal, Afonso, Count ''jure uxoris'' of Boulogne-sur-Mer, after Pope Innocent IV had deposed his brother Sancho II of Portugal, Sancho II, and before assuming himself the throne as Afonso III, following Sancho's death (1245–1248). Styled himself ''Regent and Defender of the Kingdom''.
* Leonor Telles de Menezes, Queen Leonor, for her daughter Beatrice of Portugal, Beatrice I (1383).
* John I of Portugal, João, Mestre de Avis, during the 1383–1385 Crisis, Dynastic Crisis, and before assuming himself the throne as John I (1384–1385). Styled himself ''Regent and Defender of the Kingdom''.
* Leonor of Aragon (1402–1445), Queen Eleanor, during the minority of her son Afonso V of Portugal, Afonso V (1438–1439).
* Peter, Duke of Coimbra, during the minority of his nephew Afonso V of Portugal, Afonso V (1439–1448).
* Catherine of Habsburg (1507–1578), Queen Catharine, during the minority of her grandson Sebastian of Portugal, Sebastian I (1557–1562).
* Cardinal Henry, Cardinal Prince Henry, during the minority of his grandnephew Sebastian of Portugal, Sebastian I (1562–1568).
* Luísa de Gusmão, Queen Luísa, for her son Afonso VI of Portugal, Afonso VI (1656–1662).
* Peter II of Portugal, Prince Peter, for his brother Afonso VI of Portugal, Afonso VI, and before assuming himself the throne as Peter II, following Afonso's death (1668–1683).
* Catherine of Braganza, Catherine, Queen Dowager of England, Scotland and Ireland, for her brother, Peter II of Portugal, Peter II, in 1701 and 1704–05.
*
John, Prince Regent, during the incapacity of his mother Mary I of Portugal, Mary I, and before assuming himself the throne as John VI, following her death (1792–1816).
* Isabel Maria of Braganza, Princess Isabel Maria, following her father's (John VI of Portugal, John VI) death, and whilst awaiting the arrival of her brother Peter IV of Portugal, Peter IV to assume the throne (1826–1828).
* Michael I of Portugal, Prince Michael, for his niece Mary II of Portugal, Mary II, and before usurping the throne for himself as Michael I (1828).
* Peter IV of Portugal, Peter, Duke of Bragança (former King Peter IV), for his daughter Mary II of Portugal, Mary II (1831–1834).
* Ferdinand II of Portugal, King ''jure uxoris'' Ferdinand II, during the minority of his son Peter V of Portugal, Peter V (1853–1855).
Romania
* Lascăr Catargiu, General officer, Gen. Nicolae Golescu, Colonel, Col. Nicolae Haralambie (1866), between the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza and the coronation of Carol I of Romania, Carol I as Prince.
* Prince Nicholas of Romania, Prince Nicholas, Miron Cristea, Gheorghe Buzdugan (replaced upon his death by Constantin Sărăţeanu) (1927–1930), during the minority of king Michael I of Romania, Michael I.
Russia
* Saint Olga for her son Sviatoslav I of Kiev, Svyatoslav (945–969)
* Sophia of Lithuania for her son Vasily II of Moscow, Vasily II (1425–1432)
* Elena Glinskaya for her son Ivan the Terrible (1533–1538) with her favorite Ivan Fedorovich (d. 1539)
* Sophia Alekseyevna for her brothers Ivan V and Peter I of Russia, Peter the Great (1682–1689)
* Natalia Naryshkina for her son Peter I of Russia, Peter the Great (1689–1694)
* Ernst Johann von Biron for the infant Ivan VI (1740)
* Anna Leopoldovna for her son Ivan VI (1740–1741)
Serbia
* Milica of Serbia, Princess Milica, Regent of Serbia during the minority of Stefan Lazarević (1389)
* Council of Regency during the Serbian Despotate: Mihailo Anđelović, Stefan Branković, and Helena Palaiologina of the Morea, Helena Palaiologina (fl. 1458)
* Council of Regency during the minority of Milan I of Serbia, Prince Milan: Milivoje Petrović Blaznavac, Jovan Ristić and Jovan Gavrilović (1868–1872)
* Council of Regency during the minority of Alexander I of Serbia, King Aleksandar Obrenović V: Jovan Ristić, Kosta Protić (d. 1892) and Jovan Belimarković (1889–1893)
* Alexander I of Yugoslavia, Crown Prince Alexander, Regent of the Kingdom of Serbia (1914–1918) and Regent of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1921), until the death of his father Peter I of Serbia, King Peter I
=Serbian regents abroad
=
*
Helena and
Beloš Vukanović
Beloš ( sr-cyr, Белош; hu, Belos or ''Belus''; el, Βελούσης fl. 1141–1163), was a Serbian prince and Hungarian palatine who served as the regent of Hungary from 1141 until 1146, alongside his sister Helena, mother of the infan ...
, Co-Regents of Hungary (1141–1146)
Yugoslavia
* Alexander I of Yugoslavia, Crown Prince Alexander, Regent of the Kingdom of Serbia (1914–1918) and Regent of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1921), until the death of his father Peter I of Serbia, King Peter I
* Council of Regency during the minority of Peter II of Yugoslavia, King Peter II: Prince Paul of Yugoslavia, Prince Paul, Radenko Stanković, Ivo Perović (1934–1941)
Oceania
Hawaii
* Queen Kaahumanu, Kaahumanu, between 1824–1832 during the rule of the infant Kamehameha III; she was also Kuhina Nui (co-ruler), regent, of Kamehameha II
* Kaahumanu II, Elizabeth Kīnau, between 5 June 1832 – 17 March 1833 after Kaahumanu's death and before Kamehameha III became 20 years old
Notes
{{Authority control
Lists of heads of state, *
Regents, *
Lists of regents,
Titles of national or ethnic leadership
Child rulers, -