Red Deer is a city in

Alberta Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest T ...

, Canada, located midway on the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. Red Deer serves central Alberta, and key industries include health care, retail trade, construction, oil and gas, hospitality, manufacturing and education. It is surrounded by Red Deer County and borders on Lacombe County. The city is located in aspen parkland, a region of rolling hills, alongside the Red Deer River.

History

The area was inhabited by First Nations including the Blackfoot, Plains Cree and

Stoney Stoney may refer to: Places * Stoney, Kansas, an unincorporated community in the United States * Stoney Creek (disambiguation) * Stoney Pond, a man-made lake located by Bucks Corners, New York * Stoney (lunar crater) * Stoney (Martian crater) ...

before the arrival of European

fur traders The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most ...

in the late eighteenth century. A First Nations trail ran from the Montana Territory across the Bow River near present-day Calgary and on to Fort Edmonton, later known as the

Calgary and Edmonton Trail The Calgary and Edmonton Trail was a land transport route between Fort Edmonton and Fort Calgary in the Northwest Territories. Prior to European contact, there was already a route through the area that local Indigenous peoples used to travel fr ...

. The trail crossed the Red Deer River at a wide, stony shallows. The "Old Red Deer Crossing" is upstream from the present-day city. Cree people called the river , which means " Elk River." European arrivals sometimes called North American elk "red deer," after the related Eurasian species, and later named the community after the river. The name for the modern city in Plains Cree is a

calque In linguistics, a calque () or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation. When used as a verb, "to calque" means to borrow a word or phrase from another language ...

of the English name (, literally "red type of deer"), while the name of the river itself is still or "elk river." Jasper

First Nations on the north side of the river entered into Treaty 6 in 1876 and on the south side Treaty 7 in 1877. Farmers and ranchers began to settle on the fertile lands. A trading post and

stopping house A stopping house was a kind of rural lodging used in the Pacific Northwest during the late 19th and early 20th centuries by fur traders and pioneers. Stopping houses were private residences that also offered room and board and were located on ...

were built at the Crossing in 1882. This became Fort Normandeau during the 1885 North-West Rebellion. ;Leonard Gaetz One early settler Leonard Gaetz gave a half-share of he had acquired to the Calgary and Edmonton Railway to develop a bridge over the river and a townsite. As a result, the Crossing was gradually abandoned The first trains arrived in 1891. Gaetz founded the Westerner showgrounds and annual "Westerner Days," akin to the Calgary Stampede. ;1900 to 1929 Following

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

, Red Deer emerged as a small, quiet, but prosperous, prairie city. Bird watcher and citizen scientist

Elsie Cassels Elsie Cassels (February 1864 - 12 November 1938) was a Scottish born naturalist, the first woman to become Vice-President of a Canadian naturalist society. Cassels lived in Red Deer, Alberta and became a recognised authority across Canada on mig ...

helped to establish the Gaetz Lakes bird sanctuary. ;1930 to 1945 During

Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...

of the 1930s, Central Alberta was not hit by severe drought. The city was virtually debt-free and profited from its ownership of the local public utilities. In

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, a large army training camp was located where Cormack Armoury, the Memorial Centre and Lindsay Thurber High School are now. Two training airfields were built south of the city at Penhold and Bowden. ;Post–Second World War Red Deer expanded rapidly following the major discovery of hydrocarbons in Alberta in the late 1940s. Red Deer became a centre for oil and gas and related industries, such as the Joffre Cogeneration Plant. Government and administrative services include a hospital, a courthouse and a provincial building. The railway moved to the outskirts and passenger train service ceased. The CPR bridge is now a walking trail. Red Deer was Alberta's third largest city between 1981 and 2019, when Lethbridge regained this status.

Geography

Climate

Red Deer has a

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freez ...

( Köppen ''Dfb''), with something of a semi-arid influence due to city's location within Palliser's Triangle. The highest temperature ever recorded in Red Deer was on 8 July 1906, 2 July 1924, and 28 & 29 June 1937. The lowest recorded temperature was on 17 December 1924. The city lies in the 4a plant hardiness zone. Summers are typically warm and rainy with cool nights. Winters are typically long, cold, and very dry.

Neighbourhoods

Red Deer includes the following neighbourhoods: *Anders Park *Anders Park East *Anders South *Aspen Ridge *Bower *Bower Ponds Recreation Area *Central Park *Chiles Industrial Park *Clearview Extension *Clearview Meadows *Clearview Ridge *College Park *Davenport *Deer Park Estates *Deer Park Village *Devonshire *Downtown *East Burnt Lake *Eastview *Eastview Estates *Edgar Industrial Park *Evergreen *Fairview *Gaetz Lakes Sanctuary *Garden Heights *Glendale *Glendale Park Estates *Golden West *Grandview *Heritage Ranch *Highland Green *Highland Green Estates *Inglewood *Ironstone *Johnstone Crossing *Johnstone Park *Kentwood East *Kentwood West *Kingsgate *Lancaster Green *Lancaster Meadows *Laredo *Lonsdale *Maskepetoon Park *McKenzie Trail Recreation Area *Michener Hill *Morrisroe *Morrisroe Extension *Mountview *Normandeau *Northlands Industrial Park *Oriole Park *Oriole Park West *Parkvale *Pines *Queens Business Park *Red Deer College *Red Deer Golf and Country Club *Riverlands *Riverside Heavy Industrial Park *Riverside Light Industrial Park *Riverside Meadows *Rosedale Estates *Rosedale Meadows *South Hill *Southbrook *Southpointe Junction *Sunnybrook *Sunnybrook Extension *Three Mile Bend Recreation Area *Timber Ridge *Timberlands *Timberstone *Vanier Woods *Vanier Woods East *Waskasoo *Waste Management Facility *West Burnt Lake *West Park *West QE2 *Westerner Park *Westlake *Woodlea Red Deer's corporate limits also includes the localities of College Park, Forth, Labuma, and North Red Deer.

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by

Statistics Canada Statistics Canada (StatCan; french: Statistique Canada), formed in 1971, is the agency of the Government of Canada commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and cultu ...

, the City of Red Deer had a population of 100,844 living in 40,512 of its 43,404 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 100,418. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Red Deer CMA similarly had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. The population of the City of Red Deer according to its 2019 municipal census is 101,002, a change of from its 2016 municipal census population of 99,832. In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the City of Red Deer had a population of 100,418 living in 39,982 of its 42,285 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 90,564. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016. Also in the 2016 census, 15.2% of the general population identified as visible minority (non-aboriginal), an increase of 55.9% over the previous five years. A separate 7.1% reported North American Aboriginal Origins (4.2% First Nations and 3.1% Métis).

Arts and culture

Red Deer hosts many arts and cultural groups, including: Central Alberta Theatre, Ignition Theatre, Red Deer Players Society, Bull Skit Comedy troupe, Central Music Festival, the Red Deer Symphony Orchestra, the Red Deer Museum + Art Gallery, the Red Deer Royals and other performing arts and fine arts organizations. The Red Deer Arts Council is a member-based Multi-disciplinary Arts Service Organization and registered charity that serves the local and area community of visual, literary and performing artists.

Attractions

; Alberta Sports Hall of Fame The Alberta Sports Hall of Fame is adjacent to the Queen Elizabeth II Highway (Highway 2) and the Greater Red Deer Visitor Centre. ; Canyon Ski Resort The Canyon Ski Resort is located east of Red Deer. ;

Peavey Mart Centrium The Peavey Mart Centrium (formerly ENMAX Centrium) is a two-tier 7,111-seat multi-purpose arena in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada. The arena is a multi-use facility accommodating national events, concerts, hockey, rodeo, trade shows, and even gradua ...

The Centrium hosts sports events, concerts, trade shows and conventions. It is the home of the WHL’s Red Deer Rebels.
G.H. Dawe Community Centre
The G.H. Dawe Community Centre is shared by G.H. Dawe Community School, the G.H. Dawe Branch of the Red Deer Public Library, G.H. Dawe Centre Recreation Facility and St. Patrick's School.
Greater Red Deer Visitor Centre
The Greater Red Deer Visitor Centre is adjacent to the Queen Elizabeth II Highway (Highway 2) and the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame.
Recreation Centre
The Recreation Centre, located downtown, has indoor and outdoor pools, steam rooms and hot tubs among other features.
Red Deer Museum + Art Gallery
The Red Deer Museum has a permanent exhibit detailing the history of the region, and temporary exhibits that change every few months. It is also the venue of multiple educational programs for both adults and children.
Waskasoo Park
Waskasoo Park meanders through Red Deer from its outskirts in the southwest, through the heart of the city, to its outskirts in the northeast along the Red Deer River. It includes over of multi-use trails for biking, rollerblading, horseback riding, snowshoeing, cross-country skiing and walking. The park is one of the reasons Red Deer is known as "Park City."
Westerner Exposition Grounds
The Westerner Exposition Grounds hosts events such as Agricon and Westerner Days. Held in early July, Westerner Days includes a rodeo, pony chuck-wagon racing, a fair, exhibitions and other events.

Sports

The Red Deer Rebels of the

Western Hockey League The Western Hockey League (WHL) is a major junior ice hockey league based in Western Canada and the Northwestern United States. The WHL is one of three leagues that constitutes the Canadian Hockey League (CHL) as the highest level of junior ...

play at the

. Red Deer hosted the

2022 Hlinka Gretzky Cup The 2022 Hlinka Gretzky Cup (branded as the 2022 Hlinka Gretzky Cup presented by Ram for sponsorship reasons) is an under-18 international ice hockey tournament held in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada from July 31, 2022 – August 6, 2022 at Peavey Ma ...

and co-hosted the 2018 Hlinka Gretzky Cup. Red Deer co-hosted the COVID-interrupted 2022 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, later completed in Edmonton, and the 1995 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. In 2018, Red Deer replaced Edmonton as host of the Canadian Finals Rodeo. The Rebels hosted the 2016 Memorial Cup. Red Deer hosted the 2019 Canada Winter Games, leaving the Gary W. Harris Canada Games Centre at Red Deer Polytechnic and the Downtown Servus Arena as legacy facilities. The city is the hometown to well-known sporting personalities.

Olympic Olympic or Olympics may refer to Sports Competitions * Olympic Games, international multi-sport event held since 1896 ** Summer Olympic Games ** Winter Olympic Games * Ancient Olympic Games, ancient multi-sport event held in Olympia, Greece bet ...

gold medal pairs figure skater

Jamie Salé Jamie Rae Salé (born April 21, 1977) is a Canadian former competitive pair skater, and a current motivational speaker and conspiracy theorist. With her former husband David Pelletier, she is the 2002 Olympic Champion and 2001 World Champion ...

and silver medal swimmer Rebecca Smith are from Red Deer. Olympic silver medalist speed skater Jeremy Wotherspoon also spent most of his childhood in Red Deer after being born in Saskatchewan. Olympic bronze medal aerialist Deidra Dionne grew up in Red Deer. Olympic bronze medal alpine skier

Jan Hudec Jan Hudec Jr. (born August 19, 1981) is a Czech-Canadian alpine ski racer who previously represented Canada until 2016 and specializes in the speed events of downhill and super-G. Beset by injuries for several seasons, he returned to World Cup f ...

first immigrated to Red Deer for his father to ski coach. NHL players include Ron Anderson,

Blake Wesley Blake Wesley may refer to: * Blake Wesley (basketball), American basketball player * Blake Wesley (ice hockey) Trevor "Blake" Wesley (born July 10, 1959) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played parts of seven seasons ...

Glen Wesley Glen Edwin Wesley (born October 2, 1968) is a Canadian former ice hockey defenceman. Wesley played 13 seasons for the Hartford Whalers/Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League. He began his career with the Boston Bruins, and briefly play ...

Trent Hunter Trent Hunter (born June 5, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. He played for the New York Islanders and Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL). Playing career Originally drafted in the sixth round, ...

, Chris Mason,

Randy Moller Randall W. Moller (born August 23, 1963) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He was drafted in the first round, eleventh overall by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1981 National Hockey League (NHL) entry draft. The majority of his ca ...

, Brandon Sutter, Paul Postma, Kris Russell, Colton Sceviour, Matt Fraser and

Mark Tinordi Mark Douglas Tinordi (born May 9, 1966) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 12 seasons between 1987–88 and 1998–99. Tinordi became the coach of the Washington Junior Na ...

. ''

Hockey Night in Canada CBC Television has aired National Hockey League (NHL) broadcasts under the ''Hockey Night in Canada'' (often abbreviated ''Hockey Night'' or ''HNiC'') brand that is primarily associated with its Saturday night NHL broadcasts throughout its hi ...

'' personality and Olympic host Ron MacLean calls Red Deer home.

Infrastructure

;Transportation The

Queen Elizabeth II Highway Alberta Provincial Highway No. 2, commonly referred to as Highway 2 or the Queen Elizabeth II Highway, is a major highway in Alberta that stretches from the Canada–United States border through Calgary and Edmonton to Grande ...

, Alberta's busiest and most economically important, links the North-South Calgary-Edmonton Corridor, including Wetaskiwin and Camrose, with Red Deer. The David Thompson Highway links

Rocky Mountain House Rocky Mountain House is a town in west-central Alberta, Canada. It is approximately west of Red Deer at the confluence of the Clearwater and North Saskatchewan Rivers, and at the crossroads of Highway 22 (Cowboy Trail) and Highway 11 (David T ...

in the West Country with Stettler in East-Central Alberta. Red Deer Regional Airport, in Penhold, serves mostly general aviation. It is undergoing a significant expansion. Red Deer Transit provides local bus service throughout the city. ;Health care Health care is provided at the

Red Deer Regional Hospital Red Deer Regional Hospital Centre is a district general hospital is located in Red Deer, Alberta. Alberta Health Services is responsible for the operations of the hospital. Services *Cardiac rehab *Diabetes clinic *Diagnostic imaging (CT, MRI an ...

. ;Water Red Deer receives its drinking water supply from the Red Deer River which is treated and distributed throughout the city. One distinct feature of the water distribution system is the Horton Water Spheroid which, at the time of its construction in 1957, was the world's largest spheroid shaped reservoir. Water from the Red Deer water treatment plant is distributed to neighbouring communities including Red Deer County, Lacombe, Blackfalds and Ponoka as managed by the North Red Deer Regional Water Services Commission. Wastewater is collected and sent to the City of Red Deer wastewater treatment plant which treats the sewage with a combination of grit traps, a primary clarifier, biological nutrient removal bioreactors, secondary clarifiers, and UV disinfection. Solids generated from the treatment process are treated using dissolved air flotation,

anaerobic digestion Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste or to produce fuels. Much of the ferm ...

, and biosolids lagoons. Treated effluent is then discharged back into the Red Deer River downstream of the water treatment plant.

Education

Post-secondary

Red Deer Polytechnic (RDP), formerly Red Deer College, was founded in 1964 as Red Deer Junior College. RDP offers certificates, diplomas, advanced certificates, applied degrees, bachelor's degrees, academic upgrading and apprenticeship in over 75 different career and academic programs, including the creative and liberal arts, engineering, and trades.

Secondary

Three school authorities operate in Red Deer. Founded in 1887, the Red Deer Public School District serves 10,000 students in thirty schools. Offering a wide range of programming, including French Immersion from K-12, the district not only meets the needs of children and youth from the City of Red Deer and welcomes international students from around the world. Lindsay Thurber Comprehensive High School and Hunting Hills High School provide a large number of program options for students of high school age. Founded in 1909, when the Daughters of Wisdom, a religious order from France, accepted the challenge of the Tinchebray Fathers, also from France, to offer Catholic schooling in Red Deer, Red Deer Catholic Regional Schools (RDCRS) welcomes almost 7,000 students in five Central Alberta communities, including Red Deer. They operate École Secondaire Notre Dame High School and St. Joseph's High School.

Greater North Central Francophone Education Region No. 2 The Greater North Central Francophone Education Region No. 2, known in French as the Conseil scolaire Centre-Nord (CSCN), is one of Alberta's four French language school boards. French language education is intended for children who are eligible un ...

's school École La Prairie is a French school located near downtown Red Deer that offers pre-kindergarten through grade 9 programs. It offers all courses in French to a population of 119 students whose first language is French. ;Public schools ;Catholic schools ;Private schools * Destiny Christian School Society (ECS, K–9) * Koinonia Christian School – Red Deer (ECS, K–12) * Parkland School Special Education (1–12) * South Side Christian School (ECS, K–12)

Media

You can get the local news from ''

Red Deer Advocate The ''Red Deer Advocate'' is a daily newspaper in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada. Published by Black Press, the newspaper was first established in 1901 as the ''Red Deer Echo'', changing its name to ''Alberta Advocate'' in 1903 and ''Red Deer Advoc ...

'' an
rdnewsNOW

Edmonton CTV
an
Global News
also carry Red Deer news. Th
City of Red Deer
also releases regular updates.

References

External links

* {{Authority control 1894 establishments in the Northwest Territories Cities in Alberta Populated places established in 1882