Ruth Dixon Turner (1914 – April 30, 2000) was a pioneering U.S.

marine biologist Marine biology is the scientific study of the biology of marine life, organisms in the sea. Given that in biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land, marine biology classifies sp ...

and

malacologist Malacology is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (mollusks or molluscs), the second-largest phylum of animals in terms of described species after the arthropods. Mollusks include snails and slugs, clams, ...

. She was the world's expert on Teredinidae or shipworms, a taxonomic family of wood-boring

bivalve Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, biv ...

mollusks Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

which severely damage wooden marine installations. Turner held the

Alexander Agassiz Alexander Emmanuel Rodolphe Agassiz (December 17, 1835March 27, 1910), son of Louis Agassiz and stepson of Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz, was an American scientist and engineer. Biography Agassiz was born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland and immigrated to ...

Professorship at

Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...

, and was a Curator of

Malacology Malacology is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (mollusks or molluscs), the second-largest phylum of animals in terms of described species after the arthropods. Mollusks include snails and slugs, clams ...

in the university's

Museum of Comparative Zoology A museum ( ; plural museums or, rarely, musea) is a building or institution that cares for and displays a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make thes ...

, where she also served as co-editor of the scientific journal '' Johnsonia''. She graduated from

Bridgewater State College Bridgewater State University is a public university with its main campus in Bridgewater, Massachusetts. It is the largest of nine state universities in Massachusetts. Including its off-campus sites in New Bedford, Attleboro, and Cape Cod, BSU ha ...

, earned a master's degree at

Cornell University Cornell University is a private statutory land-grant research university based in Ithaca, New York. It is a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, Cornell was founded with the intention to ...

and a Ph.D. at Harvard (

Radcliffe College Radcliffe College was a women's liberal arts college in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and functioned as the female coordinate institution for the all-male Harvard College. Considered founded in 1879, it was one of the Seven Sisters colleges and he ...

) where she specialized in shipworm research. Turner became one of Harvard's first tenured women professors in 1973, and was one of the most academically successful female marine researchers, publishing over 200 scientific articles and a book during her long career. She was also the first female scientist to use the deep ocean research submarine Alvin. Much of Turner's work was done in co-operation with William J. Clench. Among other things they jointly described about 70 new mollusk species. Organisms named in honor of Turner include two symbiotic bacteria associated with bivalves: '' Teredinibacter turnerae'' (isolated from the

shipworm The shipworms are marine bivalve molluscs in the family Teredinidae: a group of saltwater clams with long, soft, naked bodies. They are notorious for boring into (and commonly eventually destroying) wood that is immersed in sea water, including ...

Lyrodus pedicellatus ''Lyrodus'' is a genus of ship-worms, marine bivalve molluscs of the family Teredinidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Lyrodus Gould, 1870. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=t ...

''), and ''

Candidatus Ruthia magnifica In prokaryote nomenclature, ''Candidatus'' (Latin for candidate of Roman office) is used to name prokaryotic phyla that are well characterized but yet-uncultured. Contemporary sequencing approaches, such as 16S sequencing or metagenomics, provid ...

'' (from the deep-sea bivalve ''

Calyptogena magnifica ''Calyptogena magnifica'' is a species of giant white clam found clustered around hydrothermal vents at abyssal depths in the Pacific Ocean. Description The systematics of the family Vesicomyidae is unclear because of the small number of spec ...

'').

References

External links

Biography of Turner
{{DEFAULTSORT:Turner, Ruth 1914 births 2000 deaths American marine biologists American malacologists American women biologists Harvard University faculty Radcliffe College alumni Cornell University alumni Bridgewater State University alumni 20th-century American zoologists 20th-century American women scientists American women academics