Rusty-winged Barbtail
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The rusty-winged barbtail (''Premnornis guttuliger'') is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird
family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Furnariidae. It is found in
Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...
,
Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...
,
Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...
, and
Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...
.


Taxonomy and systematics

The rusty-winged barbtail is the only member of its genus. It has two subspecies, the
nominate Nomination is part of the process of selecting a candidate for either election to a public office, or the bestowing of an honor or award. A collection of nominees narrowed from the full list of candidates is a short list. Political office In th ...
''P. g. guttuliger'' ( Sclater, PL, 1864) and ''P. g. venezuelanus'' ( Phelps, WH & Phelps, WH Jr, 1956). The rusty-winged barbtail is a
sister species In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and ...
of the two species in genus '' Tarphonomus'' Derryberry, E.P., S. Claramunt, G. Derryberry, R.T. Chesser, J. Cracraft, A. Aleixo, J. Pérez-Emán, J.V. Remsen, JR., and R.T. Brumfield. 2011. Lineage diversification and morphological evolution in a large-scale continental radiation: the Neotropical ovenbirds and woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae). Evolution 65: 2973–2986 and the two of them are sister to the tuftedcheeks of genus '' Pseudocolaptes'' A high resolution version of the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 is available from the first author's websit
here
/ref>. The rusty-winged barbtail is not closely related to the two barbtails of genus ''
Premnoplex ''Premnoplex'' is the genus of typical barbtails, birds in the family Furnariidae. It contains the following species: * Spotted barbtail, ''Premnoplex brunnescens'' * White-throated barbtail, ''Premnoplex tatei'' The name ''Premnoplex'' come ...
'' nor to the Roraiman barbtail (''Roraimia adjusta'').


Description

The rusty-winged barbtail is long and weighs . The sexes' plumages are alike. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a pale buffish or brownish buff
supercilium The supercilium is a plumage feature found on the heads of some bird species. It is a stripe which runs from the base of the bird's beak above its eye, finishing somewhere towards the rear of the bird's head.Dunn and Alderfer (2006), p. 10 Also k ...
and a dark brown stripe behind the eye; the rest of their face is streaked brown and buff. Their crown is dark olive-brown with a faint scallop pattern. The sides of their neck and upper back are brownish with pale buff spots, their lower back is browner and unspotted, their rump is brown with a faint
rufescent Rufous () is a color that may be described as reddish-brown or brownish-red, as of rust or oxidised iron. The first recorded use of ''rufous'' as a color name in English was in 1782. However, the color is also recorded earlier in 1527 as a dia ...
tinge, and their uppertail
coverts A covert feather or tectrix on a bird is one of a set of feathers, called coverts (or ''tectrices''), which cover other feathers. The coverts help to smooth airflow over the wings and tail. Ear coverts The ear coverts are small feathers behind t ...
are chestnut. Their tail is chestnut; its feathers are wide and terminate in the short bare namesake barbs or "spines". (Confusingly, these "barbs" are formed by the absence of the feather barbs that line the feather's shaft.) Their wing coverts are dark brownish with wide rufescent brown edges that form indistinct wing bars. Their flight feathers are dark