The article is a list of heads of state of Lithuania over historical Lithuanian state. The timeline includes all heads of state of

Lithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, P ...

as a sovereign entity, legitimately part of a greater sovereign entity, a

client state A client state in the context of international relations is a State (polity), state that is economically, politically, and militarily subordinated to a more powerful controlling state. Alternative terms for a ''client state'' are satellite state, ...

, or a

constituent republic Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divi ...

subject to an outside authority. Currently, the head of state is the

President of Lithuania The president of the Republic of Lithuania () is the head of state of the Republic of Lithuania. The president directs and appoints the executive branch of the Government of Lithuania, represents the nation internationally and is the commande ...

. During the

inauguration In government and politics, inauguration is the process of swearing a person into office and thus making that person the incumbent. Such an inauguration commonly occurs through a formal ceremony or special event, which may also include an inau ...

s of Lithuanian monarchs until 1569, the

Gediminas' Cap Gediminas' Cap () was the most important regalia of the List of Lithuanian monarchs, Lithuanian monarchs who ruled the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until the Union of Lublin in 1569. During the inaugurations of Lithuanian monarchs, Gediminas' Cap was ...

was placed on the monarch's heads by the

Bishop of Vilnius Bishops of Vilnius diocese from 1388 and archdiocese (archdiocese of Vilnius) from 1925:" ...

Vilnius Cathedral The Cathedral Basilica of St Stanislaus and St Ladislaus of Vilnius, also known as Vilnius Cathedral is the main Catholic cathedral in Lithuania. It is situated in Vilnius Old Town, just off Cathedral Square. Dedicated to the Christian saints ...

Kingdom of Lithuania (1251–1263)

Title: King of Lithuania (). Dates are approximate because of scant written sources.

House of Mindaugas The House of Mindaugas () was the first royal family of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, centered on Mindaugas, the first known and undoubted sovereign of Lithuania. He was crowned as King of Lithuania in 1253 and assassinated ten years later. His known ...
(1253–1263)

, King

1236
–
1253
''(as Grand Duke)''

1253
–
1263
''(as King)'', , , ,

Son of mythological Ringaudas , , NN, sister of Morta
2 children

Morta
2 children , , 1263

Aglona Aglona (, , , hist. ) is a village in the Aglona Parish of Preiļi Municipality in the Latgale region of Latvia. It is located northeast of the city of Daugavpils. Located on the narrow strip of land between the lakes Cirišs and Egles, ...

Assassinated by

Treniota Treniota (also spelled ''Troniata''; ; – 1264) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1263 to 1264. Life Treniota was the nephew of Mindaugas, the first and only king of Lithuania. While Mindaugas had converted to Christianity in order to discourag ...

and

Daumantas Daumantas ( Ruthenian: ''Dowmont'' or ''Domont''; ; ) is a given name and a surname. Given name * Daumantas of Lithuania, Grand Duke of Lithuania (1282–1285) * Daumantas of Pskov, Prince of Pskov (1266–1299), previously Duke of Nalšia, Lithua ...

Aged about 60 , -

Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1263–1569)

Title:

Grand Duke Grand duke (feminine: grand duchess) is a European hereditary title, used either by certain monarchs or by members of certain monarchs' families. The title is used in some current and former independent monarchies in Europe, particularly: * in ...

(; ; ). Dates are approximate because of scant written sources.

House of Mindaugas The House of Mindaugas () was the first royal family of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, centered on Mindaugas, the first known and undoubted sovereign of Lithuania. He was crowned as King of Lithuania in 1253 and assassinated ten years later. His known ...
(1263–1267)

, Grand Duke

1263
–
1264, , Treniota

, , ''Unknown''

Son of NN,
Mindaugas' sister
and

Vykintas 200 px, Monument to Duke Vykintas in Tverai Vykintas (died ) was the duke of Samogitia and a rival to the future king of Lithuania, Mindaugas. Life In 1236, he probably led the Samogitian forces in the Battle of Saule against the Livonian Ord ...

, , ''Unknown''
1 child , , 1264
Murdered by servants
loyal to Mindaugas' son

Vaišvilkas Vaišvilkas or Vaišelga (also spelled ''Vaišvila'', ''Vojszalak'', ''Vojšalk'', ''Vaišalgas''; died 18 April 1267) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1264 until his death in 1267. He was a son of Mindaugas, the first and only Christian Ki ...

, - , Grand Duke

1264
–
1267, , Vojshalk

, , ''Unknown''

Son of

Mindaugas Mindaugas (, , , , ; c. 1203 – 12 September 1263) was the first known grand duke of Lithuania, Grand Duke of Lithuania and the only crowned King of Lithuania. Little is known of his origins, early life, or rise to power; he is mentioned in a ...

and Morta , , Unmarried and
childless, , 1268
Was murdered
by

Leo I of Galicia Leo I of Galicia (; – c. 1301) was King of Ruthenia, Prince of Belz (1245–1264), Przemyśl, Galicia (1264–1269), and Kiev (1271–1301). He was a son of King Daniel of Galicia and his first wife, Anna Mstislavna Smolenskaia (daughter ...

, -

House of Monomakh The House of Monomakh or Monomakhovichi were a major princely branch of the Rurikid dynasty, descendants of which managed to inherit many princely titles which originated in Kievan Rus'. History The progenitor of the house is Vladimir II Monomak ...
(1267–1269)

, Grand Duke

1267
–
1269, , , ,

Halych Halych (, ; ; ; ; , ''Halitsch'' or ''Galitsch''; ) is a historic List of cities in Ukraine, city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine. The city gave its name to the Principality of Halych, the historic province of Galicia (Eastern Europe), ...

Son of

Daniel of Galicia Daniel Romanovich (1201–1264) was Prince of Galicia (1205–1207; 1211–1212; 1230–1232; 1233–1234; 1238–1264), Prince of Volhynia, Volhynia (1205–1208; 1215–1238), Grand Prince of Kiev (1240), and King of Ruthenia (1253–1264). B ...

, , NN, daughter of Mindaugas
No children , ,
Kholm
Aged about 39 , -

House of Mindaugas The House of Mindaugas () was the first royal family of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, centered on Mindaugas, the first known and undoubted sovereign of Lithuania. He was crowned as King of Lithuania in 1253 and assassinated ten years later. His known ...
(1269–1285)

, Grand Duke

1270
–
1282, , Lithuanian Grand Duke Traidenis

, , 1220 , , Ona of Masovia
1 child, , 1282

Kernavė Kernavė was a medieval capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and today is a tourist attraction and an archeological site (population 238, 2021). It is located in the Širvintos district municipality located in southeast Lithuania. A Lithuanian ...

Aged 62 , - , Grand Duke

1282
–
1285, , , , ''Unknown'' , , ''Unknown'' , , 3 March 1285
Died in a battle by

Tver Tver (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative centre of Tver Oblast, Russia. It is situated at the confluence of the Volga and Tvertsa rivers. Tver is located northwest of Moscow. Population: The city is ...

, -

House of Gediminas The family of Gediminas is a group of family members of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania (ca. 1275–1341), who interacted in the 14th century. The family included the siblings, children, and grandchildren of the Grand Duke and played the pivot ...
(1285–1440)

, Grand Duke

1285
–
1291, , , , ''None known'' , , ''Unknown''

Son of
Skalmantas (?) , , ''Unknown'' , , 1291 , - , Grand Duke

1291
–
1295, , , , ''None known'' , , ''Unknown''

Son of
Skalmantas (?) , , ''Unknown'' , , , - , Grand Duke

1295
–
1316, , , , ''None known'' , , 1260

Son of

Butvydas Butvydas or Pukuveras (died ) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from until his death in . Butvydas is believed to have been the father of Grand Duke Gediminas, under whom Lithuania emerged as a major Northern and Eastern European power. Background Th ...

, , Vikinda
1 child, , 1316
Aged 56 , - , Grand Duke

1316
–
1341, , , , ''None known'' , ,

Son of

, ,

Jaunė Jaunė (, , literally, ''young woman'' in Lithuanian; died ca. 1344) was daughter of Prince Ivan of Polatsk and wife of Gediminas, the Grand Duke of Lithuania (1316–1341). She is mentioned in written sources only once – the ''Bychowiec Chronic ...

13 children , ,

Raudonė Raudonė ( Samogitian: ''Rauduonė''; ) is a town on the Nemunas River in Tauragė County, Lithuania. The town is primarily known for its castle ( Raudonė Castle) and a large park complex. History Raudonė has been traditionally identified ...

Aged about 66 , - , Grand Duke

1341
–
1345, , , , ''None known'' , ,

Son of

Gediminas Gediminas ( – December 1341) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1315 or 1316 until his death in 1341. He is considered the founder of Lithuania's capital Vilnius (see: Iron Wolf legend). During his reign, he brought under his rule lands from t ...

and

, , ''Unknown''
3 children , ,
Aged 57−60 , - , Grand Duke
''(

Diarchy Diarchy (from Greek , ''di-'', "double", and , ''-arkhía'', "ruled"),Occasionally spelled ''dyarchy'', as in the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' article on the colonial British institution duarchy, or duumvirate. is a form of government charac ...

with Kęstutis)''

1345
–
1377 , , , , , ,

Son of

and

, ,

Maria of Vitebsk Maria of Vitebsk (died before 1349) was the first wife of Algirdas, future Grand Duke of Lithuania (marriage took place around 1318). Life Very little is known about her life. The only child of a Russian prince Yaroslav, Maria was the only heir to ...

6 children

Uliana of Tver Uliana Aleksandrovna ( – 17 March 1391) was a grand duchess of Lithuania as the second wife of Algirdas. She was the daughter of Alexander of Tver and Anastasia of Galicia, daughter of Yuri I of Galicia. Life After her father and eldes ...

8 children, ,

Maišiagala Maišiagala is a historic town in Vilnius district municipality, Lithuania. It is located about northwest of Vilnius city municipality near the Vilnius–Panevėžys highway. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 1 562, a decreas ...

Aged about 81 , - , Grand Duke
''(

with Kęstutis)''

May 1377
–
August 1381, , , , , ,

Vilnius Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population w ...

Son of

Algirdas Algirdas (; , ; – May 1377) was List of Lithuanian monarchs, Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1345 to 1377. With the help of his brother Kęstutis (who defended the western border of the Duchy) he created an empire stretching from the pre ...

and

, ,

Jadwiga of Poland Jadwiga (; 1373 or 137417 July 1399), also known as Hedwig (from German) and in , was the first woman to be crowned as monarch of the Kingdom of Poland. She reigned from 16 October 1384 until her death. Born in Buda, she was the youngest daught ...

No children

Anna of Cilli Anna of Cilli or Anne of Celje (; 1386 – 21 May 1416) was Queen of Poland from 1402 to 1416. She was the second wife of Jogaila (Władysław II Jagiełło), King of Poland and Supreme Duke of Lithuania (reigned 1387–1434). Their marriage ...

1 child

Elizabeth Granowska Elizabeth Granowska or Elisabeth Pilecki (; – 12 May 1420 in Kraków) was Queen of Poland (1417–1420) as the third wife of Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland (reigning from 1386 to 1434). Early ...

No children

Sophia of Halshany Sophia of Halshany (; ; ; – 21 September 1461 in Kraków), known simply as Sonka, was a princess of Lithuanian Alšėniškiai princely family who was Queen of Poland as the fourth and last wife of Jogaila, King of Poland and Supreme Duke ...

2 children , , 1 June 1434
Gródek Jagielloński
Aged 72−82 , - , Grand Duke

1381
–
1382 , , Kiejstut

, , , ,

Senieji Trakai Senieji Trakai (literally: ''Old Trakai'', ) is a historic Lithuanian village located east of Trakai. According to the Lithuanian census of 2011, it has 1,396 inhabitants – Lithuanians, Poles and Russians. The Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railwa ...

Son of

and

, ,

Birutė Birutė (died 1382) was the Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the second wife of Kęstutis, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and mother of Vytautas the Great. There is very little known about Birutė's life, but after her death a cu ...

3 children, , 1382

Kreva Kreva (, ; ; ; ) is an agrotown in Smarhon District, Grodno Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Krevas selsoviet. The first mention dates to the 13th century. The toponym is derived from the name of the Krivichs tribe. ...

Murdered by the order of
Jogaila while imprisoned
Aged 84–85 , - , Grand Duke

3 August 1382
–
1 June 1434
''()'', , , , , ,

Son of

and

, ,

No children

1 child

No children

2 children , , 1 June 1434
Gródek Jagielloński
Aged 72−82 , - , - ! colspan="6" , Act of Kreva signed in 1385

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

and

''de jure'' are ruled by one monarch but remain to be separate states. , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

3 August 1382
–
1 June 1434
''()'', , , , , ,

Son of

and

, ,

No children

1 child

No children

2 children , , 1 June 1434
Gródek Jagielloński
Aged 72−82 , - , - , Grand Duke

1386
–
1392 , , , , , ,

Son of

and

, , Unmarried
and childless , , 11 January 1397

Kyiv Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...

Possibly poisoned
by the order of the

Russian Orthodox The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; ;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (), is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The Primate (bishop), p ...

priests
Aged 43−44 , - , - ! colspan="6" , Astrava Agreement signed in 1392
Following the Lithuanian Civil War, Skirgaila is replaced by Vytautas. The latter and his successors ''de jure'' act as regents of the King of Poland until 1440. , - , Grand Duke
King-elect of Lithuania

Vytautas the Great
4 August 1392
–
27 October 1430
''()'', , , , , ,

Son of

Kęstutis Kęstutis ( – 3 or 15 August 1382) was sole Duke of Trakai from 1342 to 1382 and List of Lithuanian monarchs, Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1342 to 1382, together with his brother Algirdas (until 1377), and with his nephew Jogaila (from 1377 to ...

and

, ,

Anna Anna may refer to: People Surname and given name * Anna (name) Mononym * Anna the Prophetess, in the Gospel of Luke * Anna of East Anglia, King (died c.654) * Anna (wife of Artabasdos) (fl. 715–773) * Anna (daughter of Boris I) (9th–10th c ...

1 child

Uliana Olshanska Princess Uliana Olshanska ( or , ; d. 1448) was a noblewoman from the Alšėniškiai family and the Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the second wife of Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania. They had no issue. Very little is known about Uliana's life. ...

No children , , 27 October 1430

Trakai Trakai (; see Trakai#Names and etymology, names section for alternative and historic names) is a city and lake resort in Lithuania. It lies west of Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania or just from the administrative limits of the Lithuanian capi ...

Aged about 80 , - , Grand Duke

October 1430
–
1 August 1432, , , , , , Before 1370

Son of

and

, , Anna of Tver
1 child , , 10 February 1452

Lutsk Lutsk (, ; see #Names and etymology, below for other names) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Volyn Oblast and the administrative center of Lutsk Raion within the oblast. Lutsk has a populati ...

Aged about 82 , - , Grand Duke

1432
–
1440 , , , , , , 1365

Son of

and

, , ''Unknown''
1 child, , 20 March 1440

Murdered by supporters
of Švitrigaila
Aged 75 , -

House of Jagiellon (1440–1569)

The act of personal union with Poland was signed as early as 1385; however, the continuous line of common rulers of the two countries started only with Casimir IV (even then, Polish and Lithuanians twice selected different rulers following the death of an earlier common monarch, but the Lithuanian one always eventually assumed the Polish throne). The monarchs retained separate titles for both parts of the state, and their numbering was kept separate. The

Jagiellon dynasty The Jagiellonian ( ) or Jagellonian dynasty ( ; ; ), otherwise the Jagiellon dynasty (), the House of Jagiellon (), or simply the Jagiellons (; ; ), was the name assumed by a cadet branch of the Lithuanian ducal dynasty of Gediminids upon recep ...

was a direct continuation of the

Gediminids The House of Gediminas (), or simply the Gediminids, were a dynasty of monarchs in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that reigned from the 14th to the 16th century. A cadet branch of this family, known as the Jagiellonian dynasty, reigned also in th ...

. , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

29 June 1440
–
7 June 1492
''()'', , , , , , 30 November 1427

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

Son of Jogaila Algirdaitis
and

, , Elisabeth of Austria
12 children , , 7 June 1492

Old Grodno Castle The Old Grodno Castle (; also known as the ''Grodno Upper Castle'' and ''Bathory's Castle'') in Grodno, Belarus, originated in the 11th century as the seat of a dynasty of Black Ruthenian rulers, descended from a younger son of Yaroslav the Wise ...

Aged 64 , - 1263 – 1265, , , , , , , , , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

30 July 1492
–
19 August 1506
''()'', , , , , , 5 August 1461

Son of Kazimieras Jogailaitis and
Elisabeth of Austria , ,

Helena of Moscow Helena Ivanovna of Moscow (; ; ; 19 May 1476 – 20 January 1513) was Grand Duchess of Lithuania and List of Polish consorts, Queen of Poland as the consort of Alexander Jagiellon. She was a daughter of Ivan III, Grand Prince of Moscow, and she ...

No children, , 19 August 1506

Aged 45 , - 1263 – 1265, , , , , , , , , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

Sigismund I the Old

8 December 1506
–
1 April 1548
''()'', , Kulmbach Sigismund I the Old

, ,

, , 1 January 1467

Kozienice Kozienice (; ''Kozhnits'') is a town in eastern Poland with 21,500 inhabitants (1995). Located four miles from the Vistula, it is the capital of Kozienice County. Even though Kozienice is part of Lesser Poland, it is situated in the Masovian Voi ...

Son of Kazimieras Jogailaitis and
Elisabeth of Austria , ,

Barbara Zápolya Barbara Zápolya (, , 1495–1515) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the first wife of Sigismund I the Old from 1512 to 1515. Marriage to Barbara represented an alliance between Sigismund and the House of Zápolya against ...

2 children

Bona Sforza Bona Sforza (2 February 1494 – 19 November 1557) was Queen consort, Queen of Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569), Poland and List of Lithuanian consorts, Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the second wife of Sigismund the Old, and Duchess of Bari and ...

6 children, , 1 April 1548

Aged 81 , - 1263 – 1265, , , , , , , , , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

1 April 1548
–
7 July 1572
''()'' , , Cranach the Younger Sigismund II Augustus

, ,

, , 1 August 1520

Son of Žygimantas the Old
and

, , Elisabeth of Austria
No children

Barbara Radziwiłł Barbara Radziwiłł (, ; 6 December 1520/23 – 8 May 1551) was List of Polish royal consorts, Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as consort of Sigismund II Augustus, the last male monarch of the Jagiellon dynasty. Barbara, a great b ...

No children

Catherine of Austria Catherine of Habsburg or Catherine of Austria may refer to: * Catherine of Habsburg (1256–1282), daughter of Rudolf I of Germany and wife of Otto III, Duke of Bavaria * Catherine of Austria, Duchess of Calabria (1295–1323), daughter of Albert I ...

No children, , 7 July 1572

Knyszyn Knyszyn (, ) is a town in the Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, northwest of Białystok. It is situated on the Jaskranka River, within the historic region of Podlachia. History In 1358 the territory became part of the Grand Duchy o ...

Aged 51 , - ! colspan="6" ,

Union of Lublin The Union of Lublin (; ) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest countries in Europe at the time. It replaced the personal union of the Crown of the Kingd ...

signed in 1569

and

are united into a single

Commonwealth A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from the 15th century. Originally a phrase (the common-wealth ...

. , - 1263 – 1265, , , , , , , ,

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)

The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was established by the

in 1569. The elected King of Poland was automatically a Grand Duke of Lithuania (until then the Lithuanian dukedom was hereditary). The first common ruler of both countries was Sigismund II Augustus. During the

Deluge A deluge is a large downpour of rain, often a flood. The Deluge refers to the flood narrative in the biblical book of Genesis. Deluge or Le Déluge may also refer to: History *Deluge (history), the Swedish and Russian invasion of the Polish-L ...

of the

Second Northern War The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes, and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400). The current and formal definition in the International System of ...

, Lithuania signed the

Union of Kėdainiai The Union of Kėdainiai or Agreement of Kėdainiai ( Lithuanian: ''Kėdainių unija'', Swedish: ''Kėdainiai förbund'') was an agreement between magnates of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the king of the Swedish Empire, Charles X Gustav, that w ...

with the

Swedish Empire The Swedish Empire or the Great Power era () was the period in Swedish history spanning much of the 17th and early 18th centuries during which Sweden became a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic regi ...

in 1655, thus ''de jure'' ending its union with Poland. However, due to Sweden's losses, the agreement soon fell out of favor and was not properly enforced, leading to the further continuation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Following the partitions in 1772, 1793, and 1795, the commonwealth ceased to exist and

Lithuania proper Lithuania proper refers to a region that existed within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania where the Lithuanian language was spoken. The primary meaning is identical to the Duchy of Lithuania, a land around which the Grand Duchy of Lithuania evolved. T ...

became part of the Russian Empire for 123 years. There are some gaps in the timeline as it took a while to elect a new king. The first Grand Duke elected after the Gediminid line became extinct and after the Valois fled back to France was

Stephen Báthory Stephen Báthory (; ; ; 27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576–1586) as well as Prince of Transylvania, earlier Voivode of Transylvania (1571–1576). The son of Stephen VIII Báthory ...

, who had made an effort to be recognized as Grand Duke of Lithuania by establishing

Vilnius University Vilnius University ( Lithuanian: ''Vilniaus universitetas'') is a public research university, which is the first and largest university in Lithuania, as well as one of the oldest and most prominent higher education institutions in Central and Ea ...

. Title: King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

Sigismund II Augustus Sigismund II Augustus (, ; 1 August 1520 – 7 July 1572) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. He was the first ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and t ...

1 July 1569

7 July 1572
''()'' , Cranach the Younger Sigismund II Augustus

, 1 August 1520

Son of Žygimantas the Old
and

, Elisabeth of Austria

, 7 July 1572

Aged 51 , Hereditary

First monarch to
introduce elective
monarchy ,

Jagiellon The Jagiellonian ( ) or Jagellonian dynasty ( ; ; ), otherwise the Jagiellon dynasty (), the House of Jagiellon (), or simply the Jagiellons (; ; ), was the name assumed by a cadet branch of the Lithuanian ducal dynasty of Gediminids upon recep ...

, - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

Henry Henry may refer to: People and fictional characters * Henry (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters * Henry (surname) * Henry, a stage name of François-Louis Henry (1786–1855), French baritone Arts and entertainmen ...

16 May 1573

12 May 1575
''()'' , , , 19 September 1551

Fontainebleau Fontainebleau ( , , ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Functional area (France), metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located south-southeast of the Kilometre zero#France, centre of Paris. Fontainebleau is a Subprefectures in Franc ...

Son of

Henry II Henry II may refer to: Kings * Saint Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (972–1024), crowned King of Germany in 1002, of Italy in 1004 and Emperor in 1014 *Henry II of England (1133–89), reigned from 1154 *Henry II of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1271–1 ...

and

Catherine de' Medici Catherine de' Medici (, ; , ; 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589) was an Italian Republic of Florence, Florentine noblewoman of the Medici family and Queen of France from 1547 to 1559 by marriage to Henry II of France, King Henry II. Sh ...

Louise of Lorraine Louise of Lorraine (; 30 April 1553 – 29 January 1601) was Queen of France as the wife of King Henry III from their marriage on 15 February 1575 until his death on 2 August 1589. During the first three months of their marriage, she was also ...

, no children , 2 August 1589

Saint-Cloud Saint-Cloud () is a French commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France, from the centre of Paris. Like other communes of Hauts-de-Seine such as Marnes-la-Coquette, Neuilly-sur-Seine and Vaucresson, Saint-Cloud is one of France's wealthie ...

Aged 37 , Elected

Left Poland in June 1574 to succeed his

brother A brother (: brothers or brethren) is a man or boy who shares one or more parents with another; a male sibling. The female counterpart is a sister. Although the term typically refers to a family, familial relationship, it is sometimes used ende ...

in France

Interregnum until 1575 , Valois , - , Queen of Poland
and Grand Duchess

15 December 1575

19 August 1587
''(de facto)''
''()''

9 September 1596
''(de jure)''
''()'' , Kober Anna Jagiellon as a widow

, 18 October 1523

Daughter of Sigismund I and

, no children , 9 September 1596

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

Aged 72 , Elected co-monarch with

Sole ruler until Báthory's arrival and coronation in May 1576

Ruled after husband's death until her nephew was elected ,

, - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

1 May 1576

12 December 1586
''()'' , Riehl Portrait of Stephen Bathory

, 27 September 1533
Szilágysomlyó (Șimleu Silvaniei)

Son of Stephen Báthory of Somlyó and Catherine Telegdi ,

Anna Jagiellon Anna Jagiellon (, ; 18 October 1523 – 9 September 1596) was King of Poland, Queen of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Grand Duchess of Lithuania from 1575 to 1587. Daughter of Polish King and Lithuanian Grand Duke Sigismund I the Ol ...

, no children , 12 December 1586

Grodno Grodno, or Hrodna, is a city in western Belarus. It is one of the oldest cities in Belarus. The city is located on the Neman, Neman River, from Minsk, about from the Belarus–Poland border, border with Poland, and from the Belarus–Lithua ...

Aged 53 , Elected as co-monarch with

Previously Prince of

Transylvania Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and ...

, Báthory , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

Sigismund III Sigismund III Vasa (, ; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden from 1592 to 1599. He was the first Polish sovereign from the House of Vasa. Relig ...

19 August 1587

30 April 1632
''()'' , Rubens Sigismund III Vasa

, 20 June 1566

Gripsholm Gripsholm Castle () is a castle in Mariefred, Södermanland, Sweden. It is located by lake Mälaren in south central Sweden, in the municipality of Strängnäs, about 60 km west of Stockholm. Since Gustav I Vasa, Gripsholm has belonged to ...

Son of

John III of Sweden John III (; 20 December 1537 – 17 November 1592) was King of Sweden from 1569 until his death. He attained the Swedish throne after a rebellion against his half-brother Erik XIV. He is mainly remembered for his attempts to close the gap bet ...

and

Catherine Jagiellon Catherine Jagiellon (; , Lithuanian: ''Kotryna Jogailaitė''; 1 November 1526 – 16 September 1583) was a princess of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Queen of Sweden from 1569 as the wife of King John III. Catherine had significan ...

Anne of Austria Anne of Austria (; ; born Ana María Mauricia; 22 September 1601 – 20 January 1666) was Queen of France from 1615 to 1643 by marriage to King Louis XIII. She was also Queen of Navarre until the kingdom's annexation into the French crown ...

Constance of Austria Constance of Austria (; ; ; 24 December 1588 – 10 July 1631) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the second wife of King-Grand Duke Sigismund III Vasa and the mother of King John II Casimir. Biography Constance was a daughte ...

, 30 April 1632

Aged 65 , Elected, nephew of Anna Jagiellon

Transferred capital from

to Warsaw

Hereditary King of

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

until deposition in 1599 , Vasa , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

Władysław IV Władysław is a Polish given male name, cognate with Vladislav. The feminine form is Władysława, archaic forms are Włodzisław (male) and Włodzisława (female), and Wladislaw is a variation. These names may refer to: People Mononym * Włodzis ...

also Ladislaus IV

8 November 1632

20 May 1648
''()'' , , , 9 June 1595

Łobzów Łobzów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wolbrom, within Olkusz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. History As a result of the Partitions of Poland (1772–95), the Galicia area and Kraków ware attribu ...

Son of

and

Cecilia Renata of Austria Cecilia Renata of Austria (, , ; 16 July 1611 – 24 March 1644) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the wife of King-Grand Duke Władysław IV Vasa. Selection and coronation Cecilia Renata was a daughter of Holy Roman Emp ...

Marie Louise Gonzaga Marie Louise Gonzaga (Italian: ''Maria Luisa'', , ; 18 August 1611 – 10 May 1667) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania by marriage to two kings of Poland and grand dukes of Lithuania, brothers Władysław IV and John II Casi ...

, 20 May 1648

Merkinė Merkinė (also known by #Etymology, several other names) is a small town in Alytus County, which is located at the confluence of the Neman and Merkys rivers. The town belongs to the Varėna District Municipality and is located about 26 kilometers ...

Aged 52 , Elective succession

Also titular King of Sweden and elected Tsar of Russia (1610–1613) when the Polish army captured

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

, Vasa , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

John II Casimir John II Casimir Vasa (; ; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1648 to his abdication in 1668 as well as a claimant to the throne of Sweden from 1648 to 1660. He was the first son of Sigis ...

20 November 1648

16 September 1668
''()'' , Schultz John II Casimir Vasa

, 22 March 1609

Son of

and

Claudine Françoise Mignot Claudine Françoise Mignot (20 January 1624 – 30 November 1711) was a French adventuress born near Grenoble, at Meylan. She was commonly called "Marie". Biography At the age of sixteen, she attracted the notice of the secretary Pierre d ...

(

morganatic marriage Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spou ...

) , 16 December 1672

Nevers Nevers ( , ; , later ''Nevirnum'' and ''Nebirnum'') is a city and the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Nièvre Departments of France, department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Regions of France, region in central France. It was the pr ...

Aged 63 , Elective succession, succeeded half-brother

Previously a

cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal most commonly refers to * Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of three species in the family Cardinalidae ***Northern cardinal, ''Cardinalis cardinalis'', the common cardinal of ...

Disputed with

Charles X Gustav Charles X Gustav, also Carl X Gustav (; 8 November 1622 – 13 February 1660), was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death. He was the son of John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, John Casimir, Count Palatine of Palatinate-Kleeburg, Zweib ...

between 1655–1657

Titular King of Sweden

Abdicated Abdication is the act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority. Abdications have played various roles in the succession procedures of monarchies. While some cultures have viewed abdication as an extreme abandonment of duty, in other soci ...

, Vasa , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

Michael I Michael I may refer to: * Pope Michael I of Alexandria, Coptic Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark in 743–767 * Michael I Rangabe, Byzantine Emperor (died in 844) * Michael I Cerularius, Patriarch Michael I of Constantinop ...

19 June 1669

10 November 1673
''()'' , King Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki

Coat of Arms of Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki as king of Poland

, 31 May 1640
Biały Kamień

Son of

Jeremi Wiśniowiecki Prince Jeremi Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, nicknamed ''Hammer on the Cossacks'' (), was a notable member of the aristocracy of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Prince of Vyshnivets, Lubny and Khorol in the Crown of the Kingdom of Pola ...

and Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska ,

Eleonora Maria of Austria Eleonore Maria Josefa of Austria (21 May 1653 – 17 December 1697) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania by marriage to King Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki (Michael I), and subsequently Duchess of Lorraine by her second marriage to ...

, no children , 10 November 1673

Lwów Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

Aged 33 , Elected

Born into nobility of mixed heritage, the son of a military commander and governor ,

Wiśniowiecki The House of Wiśniowiecki () was a Princely houses of Poland and Lithuania, Polish-Lithuanian princely family of Ruthenian origin, notable in the history of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. They were powerful magnates with estates predo ...

, - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

John III Sobieski John III Sobieski ( (); (); () 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death in 1696. Born into Polish nobility, Sobieski was educated at the Jagiellonian University and toured Eur ...

19 May 1674

17 June 1696
''()'' , Schultz John III Sobieski

Coat of Arms of Jan Sobieski as king of Poland

, 17 August 1629

Olesko Olesko (; ) is a Populated places in Ukraine#Rural settlements, rural settlement in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast (oblast, region) of western Ukraine. It belongs to Busk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Po ...

Son of

Jakub Sobieski Jakub Sobieski (5 May 1590 – 23 June 1646) was a Polish noble, parliamentarian, diarist, political activist, military leader and father of King John III Sobieski. He was the son of castellan and voivode Marek Sobieski and Jadwiga Snopko ...

and Teofila Zofia ,

Marie Casimire d'Arquien Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien (, ; 28 June 1641 – 30 January 1716), known also by the diminutive form "Marysieńka", was a French noblewoman who became the queen consort of Poland and grand duchess consort of Lithuania from 1674 ...

, 13 children , 17 June 1696

Wilanów Wilanów () is a dzielnica, district of the city of Warsaw, Poland. It is home to historic Wilanów Palace, the "Polish Palace of Versailles, Versailles," and second home to various List of Polish rulers, Polish kings. Wilanów is home to many v ...

Aged 66 , Elected

Born into nobility

A successful military commander , Sobieski , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

Augustus II Augustus II the Strong (12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733), was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 until his death in 1733. He belonged to the Albertine branch of the H ...

15 September 1697

1706
''(1st reign, 9 years)'' , August II the Strong

, 12 May 1670

Dresden Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most p ...

Son of

John George III Johann George III (20 June 1647 – 12 September 1691) was Elector of Saxony from 1680 to 1691. He belonged to the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin. Early life Johann Georg III was born in Dresden, the only son of Johann George II and M ...

and

Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark and Norway (1 September 1647 – 1 July 1717) was the eldest daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and Electress of Saxony from 1680 to 1691 as the wife of John George ...

Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (19 December 1671 – 4 September 1727) was Electress of Saxony from 1694 to 1727 (her death), Queen Consort and Grand Duchess Consort of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1697 to 1727 b ...

, 1 son by wife , 1 February 1733

Aged 62 , Elected

Previously Elector and ruler of

Saxony Saxony, officially the Free State of Saxony, is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. Its capital is Dresden, and ...

Dethroned by

Stanislaus I Stanislav and variants may refer to: People *Stanislav (given name), a Slavic given name with many spelling variations (Stanislaus, Stanislas, Stanisław, etc.) Places * Stanislav, Kherson Oblast, a coastal village in Ukraine * Stanislaus County, ...

in 1706 during the

Great Northern War In the Great Northern War (1700–1721) a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern Europe, Northern, Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the ant ...

, Wettin , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

12 July 1704

8 July 1709
''(1st reign, )'' , , , 20 October 1677

Son of Rafał Leszczyński and

Anna Jabłonowska Princess Anna Paulina Jabłonowska née Sapieha (22 June 1728, Wołpa - 7 February 1800) was a Polish magnate and politician. She was known for her remarkable activity on her estates, in which she introduced social inventions as well as indust ...

Catherine Opalińska Countess Catherine Opalińska (; 13 October 1680 – 19 March 1747), was by birth member of House of Opaliński, Queen consort and Grand Duchess consort of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth twice and Duchess consort of Lorraine through her ma ...

, 2 children , 23 February 1766

Lunéville Lunéville ( ; German : ''Lünstadt'' ; Lorrain: ''Leneinvile'') is a commune in the northeastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle. It is a subprefecture of the department and lies on the river Meurthe at its confluence with the Ve ...

Aged 88 , Usurped

Nominated as ruler in 1704, crowned in 1705 and deposed predecessor in 1706

Exiled in 1709 ,

Leszczyński The House of Leszczyński ( , ; plural: Leszczyńscy, feminine form: Leszczyńska) was a prominent Polish noble family. They were magnates in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and later became the royal family of Poland. History The Leszczy� ...

, - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

8 July 1709

1 February 1733
''(2nd reign, )'' , , , 12 May 1670

Son of

and

, 1 son by wife , 1 February 1733

Aged 62 , Restored , Wettin , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

12 September 1733

26 January 1736
''(2nd reign, )'' , , , 20 October 1677

Son of Rafał Leszczyński and

, 2 children , 23 February 1766

Aged 88 , Elected

His election sparked the

War of the Polish Succession The War of the Polish Succession (; 1733–35) was a major European conflict sparked by a civil war in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth over the succession to Augustus II the Strong, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of ...

Deposed by

Augustus III Augustus III (; – "the Saxon"; ; 17 October 1696 5 October 1763) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1733 until 1763, as well as Elector of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire where he was known as Frederick Augustus II (). He w ...

in 1736 ,

, - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke

5 October 1733

5 October 1763
''(30 years)'' , , , 17 October 1696

Son of

Augustus II the Strong Augustus II the Strong (12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733), was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 until his death in 1733. He belonged to the Albertine branch of the H ...

and Christiane Eberhardine ,

Maria Josepha of Austria Maria Josepha of Austria (Maria Josepha Benedikta Antonia Theresia Xaveria Philippine, , ; 8 December 1699 – 17 November 1757) was the List of Polish consorts, Queen of Poland, Grand Duchess of Lithuania and List of Saxon royal consorts, Elec ...

, 16 children , 5 October 1763

Aged 66 , Usurped

Proclaimed King of Poland in 1733, crowned in 1734

Dethroned elected predecessor in 1736 , Wettin , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Stanislaus II Augustus

7 September 1764

25 November 1795
''()'' , Vigee Stanislaw Augustus

Coat of Arms of Stanislaus Augustus as king of Poland

, 17 January 1732

Wołczyn Wołczyn () is a town in Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland, with 5,907 inhabitants . According to 2011 data, it covers , and is the seat of Gmina Wołczyn. It is located within the historic region of Lower Silesia. His ...

Son of

Stanisław Poniatowski Stanisław Poniatowski was the name of several Polish nobles: * Stanisław Poniatowski (1676–1762), castellan of Kraków * Stanisław August Poniatowski Stanisław II August (born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 – 12 Februa ...

and Konstancja Czartoryska , Unmarried , 1 February 1798

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

Aged 66 , Elected

Born into nobility

Last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, his reign ended in the

Partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partition (politics), partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place between 1772 and 1795, toward the end of the 18th century. They ended the existence of the state, resulting in the eli ...

Poniatowski The House of Poniatowski (plural: ''Poniatowscy'') is a prominent Polish family that was part of the nobility of Poland. A member of this family, Stanisław Poniatowski, was elected as King of Poland and reigned from 1764 until his abdicati ...

Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)

The

Council of Lithuania In the history of Lithuania, the Council of Lithuania (; ; ), after July 11, 1918, the State Council of Lithuania () was convened at the Vilnius Conference that took place between 18 and 23 September 1917. The twenty men who composed the c ...

declared independence on 16 February 1918 and invited Wilhelm of Urach to become king of Lithuania. The name of the state was the Kingdom of Lithuania. On 9 July 1918, Duke Wilhelm accepted the offer and took the name Mindaugas II. However, on 2 November the council revoked this decision as it was likely Germany would lose the war.

House of Urach The House of Urach is a morganatic cadet branch of the formerly royal House of Württemberg. Although the Württemberg dynasty was one of many reigning over small realms in Germany into the 20th century, and despite the fact that marital ''mésal ...
(1918)

, King

Mindaugas II Prince Wilhelm of Urach, Count of Württemberg, 2nd Duke of Urach (''Wilhelm Karl Florestan Gero Crescentius''; German: ''Fürst Wilhelm von Urach, Graf von Württemberg, 2. Herzog von Urach''; 3 March 1864 – 24 March 1928), was a German prin ...

–

''()'', , , , , , 30 May 1864

Son of Wilhelm, 1st Duke of Urach and

Princess Florestine of Monaco Princess Florestine Gabrielle Antoinette of Monaco (22 October 1833 – 4 April 1897) was the younger child and only daughter of Florestan I, Prince of Monaco, and his wife, Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz. Florestine was a member of the Hous ...

, , Duchess Amalie in Bavaria
Princess Wiltrud of Bavaria , , 24 March 1928 , -

Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940)

Presidents of the Presidium of the
Council of Lithuania In the history of Lithuania, the Council of Lithuania (; ; ), after July 11, 1918, the State Council of Lithuania () was convened at the Vilnius Conference that took place between 18 and 23 September 1917. The twenty men who composed the c ...

The state of Lithuania was ruled by the Presidium of the State Council of Lithuania, its chairman was de facto Head of State. The institution of President was established on 4 April 1919. Chairman of the Presidium

Antanas Smetona Antanas Smetona (; 10 August 1874 – 9 January 1944) was a Lithuanian intellectual, journalist and politician. He served as the first president of Lithuania from 1919 to 1920 and later as the authoritarian head of state from 1926 until the Occu ...

was elected as First President of the State of Lithuania by the State Council of Lithuania and was the only one in under whose rule this position has been considered the office of the head of state.

Presidents President most commonly refers to: President (corporate title) President (education), a leader of a college or university President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television ''Præsidenten ...
of the Republic of Lithuania

The institution of President () was created on 4 April 1919. Antanas Smetona was elected as the first President of Lithuania.

Posthumously recognized acting Presidents

Heads of the
Lithuanian Diplomatic Service The Diplomatic Service of the Republic of Lithuania () is the part of the governmental service tasked with enforcing the foreign policy set by the President of Lithuania, President, the Seimas, Parliament, and the Government of Lithuania, Governmen ...

Following Lithuania's occupation by the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

on 15 June 1940, in his telegram dated 31 May 1940, the last Foreign Minister

Juozas Urbšys Juozas Urbšys (29 February 1896 – 30 April 1991) was a prominent interwar Lithuanian diplomat, the last head of foreign affairs in independent interwar Lithuania, and a translator. He served in the military between 1916 and 1922 and then joine ...

provisioned that, in the event of occupation,

Stasys Lozoraitis :''See Stasys Lozoraitis Jr. for an article about a son of Stasys Lozoraitis.'' Stasys Lozoraitis ( – 24 December 1983) was a prominent Lithuanian diplomat and politician who served as the Foreign Minister of Lithuania from 1934 until 1938. Af ...

, minister extraordinary and plenipotentiary to

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

, be appointed the head of the Lithuanian diplomatic service. The Lithuanian diplomatic service became a

Government in exile A government-in-exile (GiE) is a political group that claims to be the legitimate government of a sovereign state or semi-sovereign state, but is unable to exercise legal power and instead resides in a foreign country. Governments in exile usu ...

that was a critical piece to ensuring the recognition of the continuity of Lithuanian legal statehood until independence after the

Dissolution of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration No. 142-N of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. Declaration No. 142-Н of ...

Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1941)

The Soviet Union occupied Lithuania and established the Lithuanian SSR in July 1940.

First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the
Communist Party of Lithuania The Communist Party of Lithuania (; ) is a banned communist party in Lithuania. The party was established in early October 1918 and operated clandestinely until it was legalized in 1940 after the Soviet invasion and occupation. The party was ...

; .

Generalbezirk Litauen (1941–1944)

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

attacked the Soviet Union in

Operation Barbarossa Operation Barbarossa was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and several of its European Axis allies starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II. More than 3.8 million Axis troops invaded the western Soviet Union along ...

, Lithuania liberated itself with the anti-Soviet June Uprising and re-declared Lithuanian Independence. Lithuania was ruled for some time by the

Provisional Government of Lithuania The Provisional Government of Lithuania () was an attempted temporary government, provisional government to form an independent Lithuanian state in June Uprising in Lithuania, the last days of the Soviet occupation of Lithuania (1940), first Sovi ...

, whose prime minister was

Juozas Ambrazevičius Juozas Ambrazevičius or Juozas Brazaitis (December 9, 1903 – November 28, 1974) was a Lithuanian literary historian and politician who served as the prime minister of the Nazi-collaborationist Lithuanian provisional government in 1941. His own ...

. The Provisional Government was formed on 23 June 1941, but was dissolved on 5 August of the same year. Lithuania was occupied by the Germans, who formed ''

Generalbezirk Litauen ''Generalbezirk Litauen'' (, ) was an administrative subdivision of the ''Reichskommissariat Ostland'' of Nazi Germany that covered Lithuania from 1941 to 1944. It served as the Nazi civilian administration for the German occupation of Lithuania ...

'' on 25 July 1941, which was governed by the administration of general commissioner

Adrian von Renteln Theodor Adrian von Renteln Theodor Adrian von Renteln (15 September 1897 – 1946 (disputed)) was a German Nazi Party official and politician. During World War II, he was General Commissioner of '' Generalbezirk Litauen'' and was involved in perp ...

and was a part of ''

Reichskommissariat Ostland The (RKO; ) was an Administrative division, administrative entity of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories of Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1945. It served as the German Civil authority, civilian occupation regime in Lithuania, La ...

''.

General Commissioners of Generalbezirk Litauen

; .

Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1990)

As Nazi Germany retreated, the Soviet Union reoccupied the country and reestablished the Lithuanian SSR in 1944. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet ''de jure'' acted as a collective head of state from 25 August 1940 to 11 March 1990. However, the Supreme Soviet ''de facto'' was controlled by the Communist Party of Lithuania led by the First Secretary.

First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the
Communist Party of Lithuania The Communist Party of Lithuania (; ) is a banned communist party in Lithuania. The party was established in early October 1918 and operated clandestinely until it was legalized in 1940 after the Soviet invasion and occupation. The party was ...

Republic of Lithuania (1990–present)

The leader of the Supreme Council was the official head of state from the declaration of independence on 11 March 1990 until the new Constitution came into effect in 1992 establishing the office of President and the institution of

Seimas The Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania (), or simply the Seimas ( ; ), is the unicameralism, unicameral legislative body of the Lithuania, Republic of Lithuania. The Seimas constitutes the legislative branch of Government of Lithuania, govern ...

. The state and its leadership were not recognized internationally until September 1991

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...

().

Timeline

References

History
''Office of the President of the Republic of Lithuania''. Retrieved 26 August 2006. * Vytautas Spečiūnas (ed.), Lietuvos valdovai (XIII-XVIII a.) (Rulers of Lithuania (13–18th centuries)), ''Mokslo ir enicklopedijų leidybos institutas'', Vilnius 2004.

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Rulers of Lithuania

Rulers A ruler, sometimes called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick, is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Usually, the inst ...

Lithuanian Lithuanian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Lithuania, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe ** Lithuanian language ** Lithuanians, a Baltic ethnic group, native to Lithuania and the immediate geographical region ** L ...

People of medieval Lithuania Middle Ages-related lists

Kingdom of Lithuania (1251–1263)

House of Mindaugas The House of Mindaugas () was the first royal family of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, centered on Mindaugas, the first known and undoubted sovereign of Lithuania. He was crowned as King of Lithuania in 1253 and assassinated ten years later. His known ... (1253–1263)

Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1263–1569)

House of Mindaugas The House of Mindaugas () was the first royal family of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, centered on Mindaugas, the first known and undoubted sovereign of Lithuania. He was crowned as King of Lithuania in 1253 and assassinated ten years later. His known ... (1263–1267)

House of Monomakh The House of Monomakh or Monomakhovichi were a major princely branch of the Rurikid dynasty, descendants of which managed to inherit many princely titles which originated in Kievan Rus'. History The progenitor of the house is Vladimir II Monomak ... (1267–1269)

House of Mindaugas The House of Mindaugas () was the first royal family of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, centered on Mindaugas, the first known and undoubted sovereign of Lithuania. He was crowned as King of Lithuania in 1253 and assassinated ten years later. His known ... (1269–1285)

House of Gediminas The family of Gediminas is a group of family members of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania (ca. 1275–1341), who interacted in the 14th century. The family included the siblings, children, and grandchildren of the Grand Duke and played the pivot ... (1285–1440)

House of Jagiellon (1440–1569)

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)

Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)

House of Urach The House of Urach is a morganatic cadet branch of the formerly royal House of Württemberg. Although the Württemberg dynasty was one of many reigning over small realms in Germany into the 20th century, and despite the fact that marital ''mésal ... (1918)

Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940)

Presidents of the Presidium of the Council of Lithuania In the history of Lithuania, the Council of Lithuania (; ; ), after July 11, 1918, the State Council of Lithuania () was convened at the Vilnius Conference that took place between 18 and 23 September 1917. The twenty men who composed the c ...

Presidents President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *''Præsidenten ... of the Republic of Lithuania

Posthumously recognized acting Presidents

Heads of the Lithuanian Diplomatic Service The Diplomatic Service of the Republic of Lithuania () is the part of the governmental service tasked with enforcing the foreign policy set by the President of Lithuania, President, the Seimas, Parliament, and the Government of Lithuania, Governmen ...

Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1941)

Generalbezirk Litauen (1941–1944)

General Commissioners of Generalbezirk Litauen

Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1990)

Republic of Lithuania (1990–present)

Timeline

See also

References

External links

House of Mindaugas The House of Mindaugas () was the first royal family of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, centered on Mindaugas, the first known and undoubted sovereign of Lithuania. He was crowned as King of Lithuania in 1253 and assassinated ten years later. His known ...
(1253–1263)

House of Mindaugas The House of Mindaugas () was the first royal family of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, centered on Mindaugas, the first known and undoubted sovereign of Lithuania. He was crowned as King of Lithuania in 1253 and assassinated ten years later. His known ...
(1263–1267)

House of Monomakh The House of Monomakh or Monomakhovichi were a major princely branch of the Rurikid dynasty, descendants of which managed to inherit many princely titles which originated in Kievan Rus'. History The progenitor of the house is Vladimir II Monomak ...
(1267–1269)

House of Mindaugas The House of Mindaugas () was the first royal family of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, centered on Mindaugas, the first known and undoubted sovereign of Lithuania. He was crowned as King of Lithuania in 1253 and assassinated ten years later. His known ...
(1269–1285)

House of Gediminas The family of Gediminas is a group of family members of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania (ca. 1275–1341), who interacted in the 14th century. The family included the siblings, children, and grandchildren of the Grand Duke and played the pivot ...
(1285–1440)

House of Urach The House of Urach is a morganatic cadet branch of the formerly royal House of Württemberg. Although the Württemberg dynasty was one of many reigning over small realms in Germany into the 20th century, and despite the fact that marital ''mésal ...
(1918)

Presidents of the Presidium of the
Council of Lithuania In the history of Lithuania, the Council of Lithuania (; ; ), after July 11, 1918, the State Council of Lithuania () was convened at the Vilnius Conference that took place between 18 and 23 September 1917. The twenty men who composed the c ...

Presidents President most commonly refers to: President (corporate title) President (education), a leader of a college or university President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television ''Præsidenten ...
of the Republic of Lithuania

Heads of the
Lithuanian Diplomatic Service The Diplomatic Service of the Republic of Lithuania () is the part of the governmental service tasked with enforcing the foreign policy set by the President of Lithuania, President, the Seimas, Parliament, and the Government of Lithuania, Governmen ...