Roslavl (, ) is a

town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

and the

administrative center An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...

of Roslavlsky District in Smolensk Oblast,

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

. It is a road and rail junction and a

market town A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rura ...

. Population:

History

Roslavl was founded as Rostislavl in the 1130s or 1140s. The name is likely due to Prince Rostislav of Smolensk, who was the founder of the fortress. It belonged to the Principality of Smolensk. The area belonged intermittently to the Principality of Smolensk and the

Grand Duchy of Lithuania The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 Partitions of Poland, ...

. In 1376, Roslavl was transferred to Lithuania and became the center of a principality. It was chartered under Lithuanian rule in 1408. In 1515, it was conquered by the

Grand Duchy of Moscow The Grand Principality of Moscow, or Muscovy, known as the Principality of Moscow until 1389, was a late medieval Russian monarchy. Its capital was the city of Moscow. Originally established as a minor principality in the 13th century, the gra ...

, but in 1618 transferred to Poland. Under Polish-Lithuanian rule Roslavl was part of the Smolensk Voivodeship. In 1667, according to the Truce of Andrusovo, Roslavl was transferred back to Russia. During all this period, it was a fortress at the border, and the fortifications were extensively used. The last time they were in use in 1706, during the

Great Northern War In the Great Northern War (1700–1721) a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern Europe, Northern, Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the ant ...

. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by

Peter the Great Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...

, the area was included into Smolensk Governorate and remained there until 1929, with the exception of the brief periods between 1713 and 1726, when it belonged to Riga Governorate, and between 1775 and 1796, when Smolensk Governorate was transformed into Smolensk Viceroyalty. It was the center of Roslavlsky Uyezd. On 12 July 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and Roslavlsky District with the administrative center in Roslavl was established. The district belonged to Roslavl Okrug of Western Oblast, which had its administrative center in Roslavl. On August 1, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On 27 September 1937 Western Oblast was abolished and split between

Oryol Oryol ( rus, Орёл, , ɐˈrʲɵl, a=ru-Орёл.ogg, links=y, ), also transliterated as Orel or Oriol, is a Classification of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast, Russia, situated on the Oka Rive ...

and Smolensk Oblasts. Roslavlsky District was transferred to Smolensk Oblast. Between August 3, 1941 to September 25, 1943, during WWII, the district was occupied by German troops.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Roslavl serves as the

of Roslavlsky District.Resolution #261 As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Roslavlsky District as Roslavlskoye Urban Settlement. As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Roslavlsky Municipal District.Law #133-z

Economy

Industry

In Roslavl, there are enterprises producing parts for trucks, electrical equipment, and ceramics, as well as food.

Transportation

A railway connecting

Smolensk Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in 863, it is one of the oldest cities in Russia. It has been a regional capital for most of ...

and

Bryansk Bryansk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, situated on the Desna (river), Desna River, southwest of Moscow. It has a population of 379,152 at the 2021 census. Bryans ...

passes through Roslavl I railway station. Another railway to Kirov ( Fayansovaya railway station), branches off east. The line from Roslavl across the border with Belarus to Krychaw is defunct, since traffic across the border has been halted. There is no passenger traffic along the line to Kirov. The Russian route A130, formerly A101, connecting Moscow with the border of Belarus and continuing to Babruysk, passes through Roslavl. Another road, R120 (formerly A141), which connects Smolensk with Bryansk and

, passes through Roslavl as well. There is a road between Roslavl and Yelnya, as well as local roads with bus traffic originating from Roslavl.

Geography

Climate

Roslavl has a warm-summer

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold ...

(''Dfb'' in the

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (te ...

Culture and recreation

There is a local museum in Roslavl, exhibiting archeological, ethnographic, and art collections.

Notable people

Among the natives of Roslavl were sculptors Mikhail Mikeshin and Sergey Konenkov, film director

Ilya Frez Ilya Abramovich Frez (; 20 August 1909, Roslavl – 22 June 1994, Moscow), People's Artist of the USSR, PAU, was a Soviet film director primarily known for his films for younger viewers. Among his films was the internationally popular I Loved You ...

, athlete Maria Itkina, as well as some ancestors of Fyodor Tyutchev.

Gallery

Image:Roslavl monastery.jpg Image:Пролетарская 44.JPG Image:Спасо преображенский собор.JPG Image:Пролетарская 46.JPG Image:Склад земский сельскохозяйственный.JPG Image:Октябрьская улица, д. 26.JPG

References

Sources

* *

External links

The murder of the Jews of Roslavl
during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, at Yad Vashem website. {{Authority control Cities and towns in Smolensk Oblast 1137 establishments in Europe 12th-century establishments in Russia Roslavlsky Uyezd Holocaust locations in Russia