Roman Franciszek Rybarski (3 July 1887 – 6 March 1942) was a Polish economist and politician. He was the foremost economist of the right-wing

National Democracy National Democracy may refer to: * National democratic state, a state formation conceived by the Soviet concept of national democracy * National Democracy (Czech Republic) * National Democracy (Italy) * National Democracy (Philippines) * National De ...

political camp and creator of its economic program. Rybarski studied at the Law School of the

Jagiellonian University The Jagiellonian University (, UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by Casimir III the Great, King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and one of the List of oldest universities in con ...

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

from 1906 to 1911. During the studies, he was a member of the secret

Association of the Polish Youth "Zet" The Związek Młodzieży Polskiej "Zet" ("Union or Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"", abbreviated ''ZMP'' or more commonly ''Zet'') was a clandestine organization of Polish students at universities of the three partitioning powers (Russia, G ...

. In 1910 he joined the

National League National League often refers to: *National League (baseball), one of the two baseball leagues constituting Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada *National League (division), the fifth division of the English football (soccer) system ...

, a secret Polish right-wing organization. Rybarski was professor at the

from 1917 until 1920, from 1921 until 1923 at the

Warsaw University of Technology The Warsaw University of Technology () is one of the leading institutes of technology in Poland and one of the largest in Central Europe. It employs 2,453 teaching faculty, with 357 professors (including 145 titular professors). The student body ...

and from 1924 at the

Warsaw University The University of Warsaw (, ) is a public research university in Warsaw, Poland. Established on November 19, 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country, offering 37 different fields of study as well as 100 specializat ...

. In 1919 he took part in the

Paris Peace Conference Agreements and declarations resulting from meetings in Paris include: Listed by name Paris Accords may refer to: * Paris Accords, the agreements reached at the end of the London and Paris Conferences in 1954 concerning the post-war status of Germ ...

as an economic expert of the Polish delegation.Marszał 2007, 22. Rybarski was one of the leading persons in the

Camp of Great Poland Camp of Great Poland (, OWP) was a far-right,Obóz Wielkiej Polski
,

. In 1928 he co-founded the

National Party National Party or Nationalist Party may refer to: Active parties * National Party of Australia, commonly known as ''The Nationals'' * Bangladesh: ** Bangladesh Nationalist Party ** Jatiya Party (Ershad) a.k.a. ''National Party (Ershad)'' * Californ ...

. From 1928 until 1935 he was a member of the

Sejm The Sejm (), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (), is the lower house of the bicameralism, bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the Third Polish Republic since the Polish People' ...

, where he was one of the leading figures of the party. As one of the foremost persons in the "old faction" of the National Democracy, Rybarski advocated the parliamentary democracy. In 1928, he authored a study in which he stressed the "harmful impact" of Jews on the economy and urban development. His 1931 newspaper article titled "Jewish Policy" marked the start of an Endek offensive against Jews. In the article Rybarski attacked the government, asserting that the Jews were responsible for the government's economic policy and by extension Polish suffering.Social and Political History of the Jews in Poland 1919–1939
De Gruyter, Joseph Marcus, page 342 After the

German invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Second Polish Republic, Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak R ...

in 1939, Rybarski worked in the Polish underground, being in the Political Council of the

Service for Poland's Victory Service for Poland's Victory (; SZP), also translated as the Polish Victory Service, was the first Polish resistance movement in World War II. It was created by the order of general Juliusz Rómmel on 27 September 1939, when the siege of Warsaw, ...

. He held several other positions in the Polish underground state during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

. On 17 May 1941 he was arrested by Nazi German authorities and incarcerated in the

Pawiak prison Pawiak () was a prison built in 1835 in Warsaw, Congress Poland. During the January 1863 Uprising, it served as a transfer camp for Poles sentenced by Imperial Russia to deportation to Siberia. During the World War II German occupation of ...

. He was later transferred to the Nazi German

Auschwitz concentration camp Auschwitz, or Oświęcim, was a complex of over 40 Nazi concentration camps, concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany, occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) d ...

and eventually executed there for organizing the resistance movement in the camp. In terms of economic thought, Rybarski was a fierce supporter of a

laissez-faire ''Laissez-faire'' ( , from , ) is a type of economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from any form of economic interventionism (such as subsidies or regulations). As a system of thought, ''laissez-faire'' ...

to the economy. He advocated for stability of property rights and economic institutions, and low taxes. Compulsory

social security Welfare spending is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter. Social security may either be synonymous with welfare, or refer specifically to social insurance ...

, monopolies and government granted concessions to businesses were not desirable, according to his view. He was a supporter of the

Austrian School of Economics The Austrian school is a heterodox school of economic thought that advocates strict adherence to methodological individualism, the concept that social phenomena result primarily from the motivations and actions of individuals along with their ...

. Austrian economists (

Carl Menger Carl Menger von Wolfensgrün (; ; 28 February 1840 – 26 February 1921) was an Austrian economist who contributed to the marginal theory of value. Menger is considered the founder of the Austrian school of economics. In building his margi ...

Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk Eugen Ritter von Böhm-Bawerk (; born Eugen Böhm, 12 February 1851 – 27 August 1914) was an Austrian-school intellectual and political economist who served intermittently as the Minister of Finance of Austria between 1895 and 1904. Böhm-Ba ...

Ludwig von Mises Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises (; ; September 29, 1881 – October 10, 1973) was an Austrian-American political economist and philosopher of the Austrian school. Mises wrote and lectured extensively on the social contributions of classical l ...

Joseph Schumpeter Joseph Alois Schumpeter (; February 8, 1883 – January 8, 1950) was an Austrian political economist. He served briefly as Finance Minister of Austria in 1919. In 1932, he emigrated to the United States to become a professor at Harvard Unive ...

) had a great influence on his economic views.

Works

''Idea gospodarstwa narodowego'' (1919)

''System ekonomii politycznej'' (t. 1–3 1924–39)

''Naród, jednostka, klasa'' (1926)
* ''Polityka i gospodarstwo'' (1927)
''Handel i polityka handlowa Polski w XVI stuleciu'' (t. 1–2 1928–29)

''Przyszłość gospodarcza świata'' (1932)
* ''Przyszłość gospodarcza Polski'' (1933) * ''Podstawy narodowego programu gospodarczego'' (1934) * ''Siła i prawo'' (1936) * ''Skarbowość Polski w dobie rozbiorów'' (1937)
''Program gospodarczy'' (1937)
* ''Idee przewodnie gospodarstwa Polski'' (1939) * Roman Rybarski : Gospodarstwo Księstwa Oświęcimskiego w XVI wieku. Rozprawy Akademii Umiejętności. Wydział Historyczno-Filozoficzny. Serya II. 1932. Tom 43. Nr. 1-5

Footnotes

References

* *

Works

Footnotes

References

Further reading