Rembrandt lighting is a standard

lighting Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. ...

technique that is used in studio

portrait photography Portrait photography, or portraiture, is a type of photography aimed toward capturing the personality of a person or group of people by using effective Photographic lighting, lighting, Painted photography backdrops, backdrops, and poses. A portr ...

and

cinematography Cinematography () is the art of motion picture (and more recently, electronic video camera) photography. Cinematographers use a lens (optics), lens to focus reflected light from objects into a real image that is transferred to some image sen ...

; it is also used in contrast with butterfly lighting It can be achieved using one

light Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be visual perception, perceived by the human eye. Visible light spans the visible spectrum and is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400– ...

and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment. Rembrandt lighting is characterized by an illuminated triangle (also called "Rembrandt patch") under the eye of the subject on the less illuminated side of the face. It is named for the Dutch painter

Rembrandt Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (; ; 15 July 1606 – 4 October 1669), mononymously known as Rembrandt was a Dutch Golden Age painter, printmaker, and Drawing, draughtsman. He is generally considered one of the greatest visual artists in ...

, who occasionally used this type of lighting.

Description

Normally, the

key light The key light is the first and usually most important light that a photographer, cinematographer, lighting cameraman, or other scene composer will use in a lighting setup. The purpose of the key light is to highlight the form and dimension of the ...

is placed high and to one side at the front, and the

fill light In television, film, stage, or photographic lighting, a fill light (often simply fill) may be used to reduce the contrast of a scene to match the dynamic range of the recording media and record the same amount of detail typically seen by eye in ...

or a reflector is placed half-height and on the other side at the front, set to about half the power of the key light, with the subject, if facing at an angle to the camera, with the key light illuminating the far side of the face. The key in Rembrandt lighting is creating the triangle or diamond shape of light underneath the eye. One side of the face is lit well from the main light source while the other side of the face uses the interaction of shadows and light, also known as

chiaroscuro In art, chiaroscuro ( , ; ) is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. It is also a technical term used by artists and art historians for the use of contrasts of light to ach ...

, to create this geometric form on the face. The triangle should be no longer than the nose and no wider than the eye. This technique may be achieved subtly or very dramatically by altering the distance between subject and lights and relative strengths of main and fill lights.

Origin of photographic term

Pioneering movie director

Cecil B. DeMille Cecil Blount DeMille (; August 12, 1881January 21, 1959) was an American filmmaker and actor. Between 1914 and 1958, he made 70 features, both silent and sound films. He is acknowledged as a founding father of American cinema and the most co ...

is credited with the first use of the term. While shooting the 1915 film ''The Warrens of Virginia'', DeMille borrowed some portable spotlights from the Mason Opera House in downtown Los Angeles and "began to make shadows where shadows would appear in nature." When business partner Sam Goldwyn saw the film with only half an actor's face illuminated, he feared the exhibitors would pay only half the price for the picture. After DeMille told him it was Rembrandt lighting, "Sam’s reply was jubilant with relief: for Rembrandt lighting the exhibitors would pay double!"

In film noir

While best known for its uses in painting and photography, Rembrandt Lighting is also one of the most commonly used tools of the

film noir Film noir (; ) is a style of Cinema of the United States, Hollywood Crime film, crime dramas that emphasizes cynicism (contemporary), cynical attitudes and motivations. The 1940s and 1950s are generally regarded as the "classic period" of Ameri ...

genre. Over the course of film noir's history, a litany of directors have used the distinct style to "evoke emotions and create a sense of mystery in a film noir.". The style of Rembrandt lighting is particularly useful in the making of film noir as, "It illuminates not just the physical landscape but also the emotional landscape of the characters." In a genre where character and setting are integrally linked, Rembrandt lighting provides an intimate insight into the characters mental state when used in film noir. The use of Rembrandt lighting in film noir is so extensive that the style has come to define this genre of film. Rembrandt lighting "is synonymous with the film noir genre, known for its crime, intrigue, and moral ambiguity. The contrast between light and shadow in film noir is as much a character as the actors themselves." Rembrandt lighting allows directors to manipulate the tone of a scene through its visuals, and in film noir is instrumental in conveying the shadowy nature of most plots. Hugely influential, the legacy of Rembrandt lighting in film noir can be seen in such films such as The Godfather and many more, showing the lasting impact it has on filmmaking as a whole. To achieve the look of Rembrandt lighting, directors of film noir would often use "low angle or off center camera angles" to help add to the uneasy feeling of film noir. This combination of lighting and camera work further helped define the look of the genre and established some of the cinematic tropes that film noir is best known for today. While not as well known as the dolly zoom or the long take, the use of Rembrandt lighting in a cinematic medium helped shape the trajectory of not only film noir but Hollywood as a whole.

Gallery

File:Rembrandt Lighting.JPG, Portrait photograph File:Eva Le Gallienne (mnwp.275003, cropped restoration).jpg, Subtle Rembrandt lighting in a studio portrait of

Eva Le Gallienne Eva Le Gallienne (January 11, 1899 – June 3, 1991) was a British-born American stage actress, producer, director, translator, and author. A Broadway theatre, Broadway star by age 21, in 1926 she left Broadway behind to found the Fourteenth St ...

File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 130.jpg, ''Self Portrait'' by

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rembrandt Lighting Photographic lighting Rembrandt Art of the Dutch Golden Age Dutch inventions