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A process is a series or set of activities that interact to produce a result; it may occur once-only or be recurrent or periodic. Things called a process include:


Business and management

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Business process A business process, business method, or business function is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks performed by people or equipment in which a specific sequence produces a service or product (that serves a particular business g ...
, activities that produce a specific service or product for customers *
Business process modeling Business process modeling (BPM) is the action of capturing and representing business processes, processes of an enterprise (i.e. modeling them), so that the current business processes may be analyzed, applied securely and consistently, improved, ...
, activity of representing processes of an enterprise in order to deliver improvements *
Manufacturing process management Manufacturing process management (MPM) is a collection of technologies and methods used to define how products are to be manufactured. MPM differs from ERP/MRP which is used to plan the ordering of materials and other resources, set manufacturing ...
, a collection of technologies and methods used to define how products are to be manufactured. * Process architecture, structural design of processes, applies to fields such as computers, business processes, logistics, project management * Process area, related processes within an area which together satisfies an important goal for improvements within that area * Process costing, a cost allocation procedure of managerial accounting * Process management (project management), a systematic series of activities directed towards planning, monitoring the performance and causing an end result in engineering activities, business process, manufacturing processes or project management * Process-based management, is a management approach that views a business as a collection of processes


Law

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Due process Due process of law is application by the state of all legal rules and principles pertaining to a case so all legal rights that are owed to a person are respected. Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual p ...
, the concept that governments must respect the rule of law *
Legal process Legal process (sometimes simply process) is any formal notice or writ by a court obtaining jurisdiction over a person or property. Common forms of process include a summons, subpoena, Mandate (criminal law), mandate, and warrant (law), warrant. ...
, the proceedings and records of a legal case *
Service of process Each legal jurisdiction has rules and discrete terminology regarding the appropriate procedures for serving legal documents on a person being sued or subject to legal proceedings. In the U.S. legal system, service of process is the procedure ...
, the procedure of giving official notice of a legal proceeding


Science and technology

*The general concept of the scientific process, see
scientific method The scientific method is an Empirical evidence, empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has been referred to while doing science since at least the 17th century. Historically, it was developed through the centuries from the ancient and ...
* Process theory, the scientific study of processes *
Industrial processes Industrial processes are procedures involving chemical, physical, electrical, or mechanical steps to aid in the manufacturing of an item or items, usually carried out on a very large scale. Industrial processes are the key components of heavy ...
, consists of the purposeful sequencing of tasks that combine resources to produce a desired output


Biology and psychology

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Process (anatomy) In anatomy, a process () is a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body. For instance, in a vertebra, a process may serve for muscle attachment and leverage (as in the case of the transverse and spinous processes), or to fit (formi ...
, a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body *
Biological process Biological processes are those processes that are necessary for an organism to live and that shape its capacities for interacting with its environment. Biological processes are made of many chemical reactions or other events that are involved in ...
, a process of a living organism * Cognitive process, such as attention, memory, language use, reasoning, and problem solving *
Mental process Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". It encompasses all aspects of intellectual functions and processes such as: perception, attention, thought, i ...
, a function or processes of the mind * Neuronal process, also ''neurite'', a projection from the cell body of a neuron


Chemistry

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Chemical process In a scientific sense, a chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds. Such a chemical process can occur by itself or be caused by an outside force, and involves a chemical reaction of som ...
, a method or means of changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds *
Unit process A unit process is one or more grouped unit operations in a manufacturing system that can be defined and separated from others. In life-cycle assessment (LCA) and ISO 14040, a unit process is defined as "smallest element considered in the life cycl ...
, a step in manufacturing in which chemical reaction takes place


Computing

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Process (computing) In computing, a process is the Instance (computer science), instance of a computer program that is being executed by one or many thread (computing), threads. There are many different process models, some of which are light weight, but almost all ...
, a computer program, or running a program concurrently with other programs **
Child process A child process (CP) in computing is a process created by another process (the parent process). This technique pertains to multitasking operating systems, and is sometimes called a subprocess or traditionally a subtask. There are two major proce ...
, created by another process **
Parent process In computing, a parent process is a process that has created one or more child processes. Unix-like systems In Unix-like operating systems, every process except (the swapper) is created when another process executes the fork() system call. T ...
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Process management (computing) A process is a program in execution, and an integral part of any modern-day operating system (OS). The OS must allocate resources to processes, enable processes to share and exchange information, protect the resources of each process from other ...
, an integral part of any modern-day operating system (OS) *
Processing (programming language) Processing is a free graphics library and integrated development environment (IDE) built for the electronic arts, new media art, and visual design communities with the purpose of teaching non-programmers the fundamentals of computer programmi ...
, an open-source language and integrated development environment


Mathematics

*In
probability theory Probability theory or probability calculus is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability. Although there are several different probability interpretations, probability theory treats the concept in a rigorous mathematical manner by expre ...
: **
Branching process In probability theory, a branching process is a type of mathematical object known as a stochastic process, which consists of collections of random variables indexed by some set, usually natural or non-negative real numbers. The original purpose of ...
, a Markov process that models a population **
Diffusion process In probability theory and statistics, diffusion processes are a class of continuous-time Markov process with almost surely continuous sample paths. Diffusion process is stochastic in nature and hence is used to model many real-life stochastic sy ...
, a solution to a stochastic differential equation ** Empirical process, a stochastic process that describes the proportion of objects in a system in a given state ** Lévy process, a stochastic process with independent, stationary increments **
Poisson process In probability theory, statistics and related fields, a Poisson point process (also known as: Poisson random measure, Poisson random point field and Poisson point field) is a type of mathematical object that consists of Point (geometry), points ...
, a point process consisting of randomly located points on some underlying space ** Predictable process, a stochastic process whose value is knowable **
Stochastic process In probability theory and related fields, a stochastic () or random process is a mathematical object usually defined as a family of random variables in a probability space, where the index of the family often has the interpretation of time. Sto ...
, a random process, as opposed to a deterministic process **
Wiener process In mathematics, the Wiener process (or Brownian motion, due to its historical connection with Brownian motion, the physical process of the same name) is a real-valued continuous-time stochastic process discovered by Norbert Wiener. It is one o ...
, a continuous-time stochastic process * Process calculus, a diverse family of related approaches for formally modeling concurrent systems *
Process function In thermodynamics, a quantity that is well defined so as to describe the path of a process through the equilibrium state space of a thermodynamic system is termed a process function, or, alternatively, a process quantity, or a path function. A ...
, a mathematical concept used in thermodynamics


Thermodynamics

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Process function In thermodynamics, a quantity that is well defined so as to describe the path of a process through the equilibrium state space of a thermodynamic system is termed a process function, or, alternatively, a process quantity, or a path function. A ...
, a mathematical concept used in thermodynamics *
Thermodynamic process Classical thermodynamics considers three main kinds of thermodynamic processes: (1) changes in a system, (2) cycles in a system, and (3) flow processes. (1) A Thermodynamic process is a process in which the thermodynamic state of a system is c ...
, the energetic evolution of a thermodynamic system **
Adiabatic process An adiabatic process (''adiabatic'' ) is a type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat between the thermodynamic system and its Environment (systems), environment. Unlike an isothermal process, an adiabatic process transf ...
, which proceeds without transfer of heat or matter between a system and its surroundings **
Isenthalpic process An isenthalpic process or isoenthalpic process is a process that proceeds without any change in enthalpy, ''H''; or specific enthalpy, ''h''. Overview If a steady-state, steady-flow process is analysed using a control volume, everything outside ...
, in which enthalpy stays constant **
Isobaric process In thermodynamics, an isobaric process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the pressure of the Thermodynamic system, system stays constant: Δ''P'' = 0. The heat transferred to the system does work (thermodynamics), work, but a ...
, in which the pressure stays constant **
Isochoric process In thermodynamics, an isochoric process, also called a constant-volume process, an isovolumetric process, or an isometric process, is a thermodynamic process during which the volume of the closed system undergoing such a process remains constant ...
, in which volume stays constant **
Isothermal process An isothermal process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the temperature ''T'' of a system remains constant: Δ''T'' = 0. This typically occurs when a system is in contact with an outside thermal reservoir, and a change in the sy ...
, in which temperature stays constant **
Polytropic process A polytropic process is a thermodynamic process that obeys the relation: p V^ = C where ''p'' is the pressure, ''V'' is volume, ''n'' is the polytropic index, and ''C'' is a constant. The polytropic process equation describes expansion and com ...
, which obeys the equation p v^ = C **
Quasistatic process In thermodynamics, a quasi-static process, also known as a quasi-equilibrium process (from Latin ''quasi'', meaning ‘as if’), is a thermodynamic process that happens slowly enough for the system to remain in internal physical (but not necess ...
, which occurs infinitely slowly, as an approximation


Other uses

*The Process, a concept in the film '' 3%'' *
Food processing Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other forms. Food processing takes many forms, from grinding grain into raw flour, home cooking, and complex industrial methods used in the mak ...
, transformation of raw ingredients, by physical or chemical means into food * Language processing in the brain *
Natural language processing Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of computer science and especially artificial intelligence. It is primarily concerned with providing computers with the ability to process data encoded in natural language and is thus closely related ...
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Praxis (process) Praxis is the process by which a theory, lesson, or skill is enacted, embodied, realized, applied, or put into practice. "Praxis" may also refer to the act of engaging, applying, exercising, realizing, or practising ideas. This has been a recurr ...
, in philosophy, the process by which a theory or skill is enacted or realized *
Process (engineering) In engineering, a process is a series of interrelated tasks that, together, transform inputs into a given output.ANSI/EIA-632-1998 Processes for Engineering a System, Appendix A These tasks may be carried out by people, nature or machines using ...
, set of interrelated tasks that transform inputs into outputs *
Process philosophy Process philosophy (also ontology of becoming or processism) is an approach in philosophy that identifies processes, changes, or shifting relationships as the only real experience of everyday living. In opposition to the classical view of change ...
, which regards change as the cornerstone of reality * Process thinking, a philosophy that focuses on present circumstances *
Writing process A writing process is a set of mental and physical steps that someone takes to create any type of text. Almost always, these activities require inscription equipment, either digital or physical: chisels, pencils, brushes, chalk, dyes, keyboards, tou ...
, a concept in writing and composition studies *
Work in process Work in process or work-in-process, (WIP), work in progress (WIP), goods in process, or in-process inventory refers to a company's partially finished goods waiting for completion and eventual sale, or the value of these items. The term is used in ...
, goods that are partially completed within a company, awaiting finalization for sale.


External links

* * *{{Wiktionary-inline, processing Business process Business process management Process engineering Industrial processes Technology-related lists Legal procedure Biological processes Chemical processes Process (computing)