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In automobile design, a rear-engine design layout places the 
Rear-engined vehicles almost always have a rear-wheel drive car layout, but some are four wheel drive. This layout has the following features:
*Packaging: since there is no need for a transmission tunnel, the floor can be flat.
*Rear traction: having the engine located over the driven wheels increases downward pressure, which is helpful for grip on loose surfaces, although can be prone to oversteer.
*Simplicity of manufacture: the engine is near the driven wheels, and the transmission can be merged with the differential to save space.
This layout was once popular in small, inexpensive cars and light commercial vehicles. Today most car makers have abandoned the layout although it does continue in some expensive cars, like the Porsche 911. It is also used in some racing car applications, low-floor buses, some Type-D school buses, and microcars such as the Smart Fortwo. Some
*
engine
An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy.
Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power ge ...
at the rear of the vehicle. The center of gravity of the engine
An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy.
Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power ge ...
itself is behind the rear axle. This is not to be confused with the center of gravity of the whole vehicle, as an imbalance of such proportions would make it impossible to keep the front wheels on the ground.
Rear-engined vehicles almost always have a rear-wheel drive car layout, but some are four wheel drive. This layout has the following features:
*Packaging: since there is no need for a transmission tunnel, the floor can be flat.
*Rear traction: having the engine located over the driven wheels increases downward pressure, which is helpful for grip on loose surfaces, although can be prone to oversteer.
*Simplicity of manufacture: the engine is near the driven wheels, and the transmission can be merged with the differential to save space.
This layout was once popular in small, inexpensive cars and light commercial vehicles. Today most car makers have abandoned the layout although it does continue in some expensive cars, like the Porsche 911. It is also used in some racing car applications, low-floor buses, some Type-D school buses, and microcars such as the Smart Fortwo. Some electric car
An electric car or electric vehicle (EV) is a passenger car, passenger automobile that is propelled by an electric motor, electric traction motor, using electrical energy as the primary source of propulsion. The term normally refers to a p ...
s feature both rear and front motors, to drive all four wheels.
Notable rear-engined cars
*Benz Patent-Motorwagen
The Benz Patent-Motorwagen ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885 by the German engineer Karl Benz, is widely regarded as the first practical automobile and was the first car put into production. It was patented in January 1886 and unveiled in public ...
*BMW
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, trading as BMW Group (commonly abbreviated to BMW (), sometimes anglicised as Bavarian Motor Works), is a German multinational manufacturer of vehicles and motorcycles headquartered in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. Th ...
600, 700, and i3
* Chevrolet Corvair
* Davrian
*DMC DeLorean
The DMC DeLorean is a rear-engine, two–seat sports car manufactured and marketed by John DeLorean's DeLorean Motor Company (DMC) for the American market from 1981 until 1983—ultimately the only car brought to market by the fledgling compa ...
*Dune buggies such as the Meyers Manx
* Fiat 500, 600, 850, 126 and 133
* FMR Tg500
* Hillman Imp
* Hino Contessa
* Mercedes-Benz 130/150/170H
* Mitsubishi i and Mitsubishi i-MiEV
* NSU Prinz
* Porsche 356, 911 generations, and 959
* Puma (car manufacturer)
* Renault 4CV, Dauphine, Floride, Caravelle, R8, R10 and the 3rd generation Twingo
* Renault Alpine A106, A108, A110, A310 and GTA/A610
* SEAT 600, 850 and 133
* Simca 1000
* Å koda 1000/1100MB, MBX, 100/110, 110R, 105/120/130/135, Å koda Garde/Rapid
* Smart Fortwo, Roadster and 2nd generation Smart Forfour
* Stout Scarab
* Subaru 360, Subaru R-2, 1st generation Subaru Rex, 1st through 6th generation Subaru Sambar
* Suzuki Fronte 360, Fronte 71 and 72, Fronte Coupé, Fronte LC20, Fronte 7-S / SS10 / SS20 and Cervo SS20/SC100
* Tata Nano, Tata Pixel and Tata Magic Iris
* Tatra 77, 87, 97, 600, 603, 613, 700
* Tucker 48 'Torpedo'
*Volkswagen Type 62 and Type 82 Kübelwagen, Kommandeurswagen, and Schwimmwagen
*Volkswagen Beetle
The Volkswagen Beetle, officially the Volkswagen Type 1, is a small family car produced by the German company Volkswagen from 1938 to 2003. One of the most iconic cars in automotive history, the Beetle is noted for its distinctive shape. Its pr ...
, type 3 'pontoon', Karmann Ghia
The Volkswagen Karmann Ghia are a family of three overlapping sports car models produced by Volkswagen, marketed in 2+2 (car body style), 2+2 coupe (1955–1975) and 2+2 convertible (1957–1975) body styles, though German production ended one yea ...
and type 4 (411/412), as well as the VW Microbus / Transporter and type 181 'Thing'
* ZAZ Zaporozhets series.
See also
* Front-engine design * Mid-engine designReferences
{{Automobile configuration Car layouts de:Heckantrieb id:Mesin belakang pt:Motor traseiro