Radulphus Brito (c. 1270 – 1320) was an influential grammarian and

philosopher Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...

, based in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

. He is usually identified as Raoul le Breton, though this is disputed by some.Confusion is possible since the contemporary (1316–1382) is also sometimes known as Raoul le Breton. Besides works of grammatical speculation he wrote on

Aristotle Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, a ...

Boethius Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, commonly known simply as Boethius (; Latin: ''Boetius''; 480–524 AD), was a Roman Roman Senate, senator, Roman consul, consul, ''magister officiorum'', polymath, historian, and philosopher of the Early Middl ...

and

Priscian Priscianus Caesariensis (), commonly known as Priscian ( or ), was a Latin grammarian and the author of the ''Institutes of Grammar'', which was the standard textbook for the study of Latin during the Middle Ages. It also provided the raw materia ...

. Radulphus was Master of arts in the

University of Paris The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated wit ...

in 1296, and joined the theology faculty in 1311. Very few of his works are edited, although he was a prolific and influential writer. He was one of a group of grammarians called the

Modistae The Modistae (Latin for Modists), also known as the speculative grammarians, were the members of a school of grammarian philosophy known as Modism or speculative grammar, active in northern Kingdom of France, France, Holy Roman Empire, Germany, Ki ...

or modists who flourished around Paris from about 1260 to 1310, so-called because they wrote on the mode of signifying.

Works

* "Quaestiones in Aristotelis librum tertium De anima", edited by W. Fauser, in: ''Der Kommentar des Radulphus Brito zu Buch III De anima'', Münster, Aschendorf 1974. * Sophisma “Aliquis homo est species”, edited by Jan Pinborg in: “Radulphus Brito’s sophism on second intentions”, ''Vivarium'', 13, 1975, pp. 119–152. * Sophisma “Rationale est animal”, edited by Sten Ebbesen in: “The sophism Rationale est animal”, ''Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin'' 24, 1978, pp. 85–120. * Sophisma “Omnis homo est omnis homo”, edited by Niels J. Green-Pedersen and Jan Pinborg, in: “Radulphus Brito: Commentary on Boethius’ De differentiis topicis and the sophism Omnis homo est omnis homo”, ''Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin'', 26, 1978, pp. 1–92. * “Quaestiones super De differentiis topicis Boethii”, edited by Niels J. Green-Pedersen and Jan Pinborg, in: “Radulphus Brito: commentary on Boethius’ De differentiis topicis and the sophism Omnis homo est omnis homo”, ''Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin'', 26, 1980 pp. 1–92. * “Quaestiones in Aristotelis libros De anima, q. 1.6” edited by Jan Pinborg, in: “Radulphus Brito on Universals”, ''Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin'', 35, 1980, pp. 56–142. * “Quaestiones super librum Porphyrii, qq. 5–8”, edited by Jan Pinborg, in: “ Radulphus Brito on Universals”, ''Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin'', 35, 1980, pp. 56–142. * “Quaestiones super Priscianum minorem”, edited by H.W. Enders and Jan Pinborg, ‘’Grammatica speculativa’’, vol. 3/1-2. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt:Frommann Holzboog, 1980. * “Quaestiones super Sophisticos elenchos, qq. I.10-19” edited by Sten Ebbesen, in: “Texts on equivocation. Part II. Ca. 1250-1310”, ''Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin'' 68, 1998, pp. 99–307. * “Quaestiones in Aristotelis libros ethicorum”, edited by Iacopo Costa, in: “Le questiones di Radulfo Brito sull’Etica Nicomachea” Introduction (in Italian) and critical text. Studia artistarum 16, Turnhout: Brepols, 2008. * ''Quaestiones super Priora Analytica Aristotelis'', edited by Gordon Wilson, Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2016.

Notes

References

* John Marenbon, ''Later Medieval Philosophy (1150–1350)'', New York: Routledge 1991, c. 8.

Bibliography

* William J. Courtenay, ''Radulphus Brito, master of arts and theology''. Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 76, 2005, pp. 131–158. * Jean-Luc Deuffic, "Un logicien renommé, proviseur de Sorbonne au XIVe siècle: Raoul le Breton de Ploudiry. Notes bio-bibliographiques", ''Pecia. Ressources en médiévistique'', 1,2002, pp. 145–154. * Sten Ebbesen, "Radulphus Brito. The last of the great arts masters. Or: Philosophy and freedom", in: Jan A. Aertsen, Andreas Speer (eds.), ''Geistesleben im 13. Jahrhundert''. Miscellanea mediaevalia 27. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1999, pp. 231–251. * A. M. Mora-Márquez, "Boethius of Dacia (1270s) and Radulphus Brito (1290s) on the Universal Sign ‘Every’", in '' Logica Universalis'', 9, 2015, pp. 193-211. * Benoît Patar, ''Dictionnaire des philosophes médiévaux'', Québec: Fides, 2006, s.v. « Raoul le Breton ».

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Brito, Radulphus 1320 deaths Grammarians of Latin Scholastic philosophers University of Paris alumni Academic staff of the University of Paris Medieval linguists 13th-century births 14th-century writers in Latin 14th-century philosophers Latin commentators on Aristotle