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Racism against Asians (or anti-Asian racism) is when
people of Asian descent The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a ...
are subject to
racist Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one Race (human categorization), race or ethnicity over another. It may also me ...
policies,
discrimination Discrimination is the process of making unfair or prejudicial distinctions between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong, such as race, gender, age, class, religion, or sex ...
, and mistreatment from institutions or non-Asian people - typically in the
Western world The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and state (polity), states in Western Europe, Northern America, and Australasia; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also const ...
or in other countries outside
Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...
.


Countries


Australia

* White Australia policy


Canada

*
Chinese head tax in Canada The Chinese head tax was a fixed fee charged to every Chinese person entering Canada. The head tax was first levied after the Canadian parliament passed the ''Chinese Immigration Act'' of 1885 and it was meant to discourage Chinese people from e ...
*
Chinese Immigration Act, 1885 The ''Chinese Immigration Act, 1885'' was an act of the Parliament of Canada that placed a head tax of $50 () on all Chinese immigrants entering Canada. It was based on the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration, whic ...
* Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration *
Internment of Japanese Canadians From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and Internment, incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of "national security". The majority we ...
*
Pacific Coast race riots of 1907 The Pacific Coast race riots were a series of riots which occurred in the United States and Canada in 1907. The violent riots resulted from growing anti-Asian sentiment among White populations during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Rioti ...
*
1886 Vancouver anti-Chinese riots The Vancouver anti-Chinese riots of 1887, sometimes called the Winter Riots because of the time of year they took place, were prompted by the engagement of cheap Chinese labour by the Canadian Pacific Railway to clear Vancouver's West End of large D ...
*
Anti-Oriental riots (Vancouver) Vancouver riot may refer to any of several riots in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, including: * 1886 Vancouver anti-Chinese riots * 1907 Vancouver anti-Asian riots, anti-immigration riots * 1918 Vancouver general strike * Battle of Ballantyne ...
*
Chinese Immigration Act, 1923 The ''Chinese Immigration Act, 1923'' (), also known as the "Chinese Exclusion Act" (the duration of which has been dubbed the Exclusion Era), was a Canadian Act of Parliament passed by the government of Liberal Prime Minister William Lyon Ma ...


Uganda

*
Expulsion of Asians from Uganda In early August 1972, the President of Uganda Idi Amin ordered the expulsion of his country's Indian minority, giving them 90 days to leave the country. At the time, South Asians in East Africa were simply known as "Asians". They had come to dom ...


United Kingdom

*
2024 United Kingdom riots From 30 July to 5 August 2024, Far-right politics in the United Kingdom, far-right, anti-immigration protests and riots occurred in England and Northern Ireland, within the United Kingdom. This followed a 2024 Southport stabbing, mass stabbin ...
*
Paki bashing Paki is a derogatory ethnic slur originating from the United Kingdom, directed towards people of Pakistani and by extension South Asian (mainly Indian and Bangladeshi) descent, as well as Muslims or perceived Muslims (such as Hindus and Sikhs ...


United States

* Nativism in United States politics#Asian targets * Racism against Asian Americans, covers the history of anti-Asian racism in the United States *
Affirmative action Affirmative action (also sometimes called reservations, alternative access, positive discrimination or positive action in various countries' laws and policies) refers to a set of policies and practices within a government or organization seeking ...
* Xenophobia in the United States#Asian targets **
Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States began in the 19th century, shortly after Chinese immigrants first arrived in North America, and persists into the 21st century. This prejudice has manifested in many forms, including racist immigration p ...
***
Anti-Chinese legislation in the United States Anti-Chinese legislation in the United States was introduced in the United States that targeted Chinese migrants following the California gold rush and those coming to build the railway, including: * Anti-Coolie Act of 1862 *Page Act of 1875 *Ch ...
***
Los Angeles Chinese massacre of 1871 The Los Angeles Chinese massacre of 1871 was a racial massacre targeting Chinese immigrants in Los Angeles, California, United States that occurred on October 24, 1871. Approximately 500 white and Latino Americans attacked, harassed, robbed, ...
***
San Francisco riot of 1877 The San Francisco riot of 1877 was a three-day riot waged against Chinese immigrants in San Francisco, California by the city's majority Irish population from the evening of July 23 through the night of July 25, 1877. The ethnic violence which sw ...
***Destruction of
Chinatown, Denver Chinatown in Denver, Colorado, was a residential and business district of Chinese Americans in what is now the LoDo section of the city. It was also referred to as "Hop Alley", based upon a slang word for opium. The first Chinese resident of De ...
***
Tacoma riot of 1885 The Tacoma riot of 1885, also known as the 1885 Chinese expulsion from Tacoma, involved the forceful expulsion of the Chinese population from Tacoma, Washington Territory, on November 3, 1885. City leaders had earlier proposed a November 1 deadline ...
***
Seattle riot of 1886 The Seattle riot of 1886 occurred on February 6–9, 1886, in Seattle, Washington, amidst rising anti-Chinese sentiment caused by intense labor competition and in the context of an ongoing struggle between labor and capital in the Western Unite ...
***
Chinese Massacre Cove Chinese Massacre Cove is an area along the Snake River in Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. It is located in the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest and the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area, upriver from the Snake's confluence with the I ...
, the site of the Hells Canyon Massacre which was committed in May 1887 ***
Pacific Coast race riots of 1907 The Pacific Coast race riots were a series of riots which occurred in the United States and Canada in 1907. The violent riots resulted from growing anti-Asian sentiment among White populations during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Rioti ...
*** Rock Springs massacre ***
Chinese Exclusion Act The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was a United States Code, United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years. The law made exceptions for travelers an ...
**
Immigration Act of 1917 The Immigration Act of 1917 (also known as the Literacy Act or the Burnett Act and less often as the Asiatic Barred Zone Act) was a United States Act that aimed to restrict immigration by imposing literacy tests on immigrants, creating new cate ...
**
Immigration Act of 1924 The Immigration Act of 1924, or Johnson–Reed Act, including the Asian Exclusion Act and National Origins Act (), was a United States federal law that prevented immigration from Asia and set quotas on the number of immigrants from every count ...
**
Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States has existed since the late 19th century, especially during the Yellow Peril, which had also extended to other Asian immigrants. Anti-Japanese sentiment against American citizens of Japanese descent ...
***
Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 The was an gentlemen's agreement, informal agreement between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan whereby Japan would not allow further immigration of laborers to the United States and the United States would not impose restricti ...
***
California Alien Land Law of 1913 The California Alien Land Law of 1913 (also known as the Webb–Haney Act) prohibited "aliens ineligible for citizenship" from owning agricultural land or possessing long-term leases over it, but permitted leases lasting up to three years. It affe ...
***
Internment of Japanese Americans United States home front during World War II, During World War II, the United States forcibly relocated and Internment, incarcerated about 120,000 people of Japanese Americans, Japanese descent in ten #Terminology debate, concentration camps opera ...
*
Asian American activism Asian American activism broadly refers to the political movements and social justice activities involving Asian Americans. Since the first wave of Asian immigration to the United States, Asians have been actively engaged in social and political or ...
**
Stop Asian Hate ''Stop Asian Hate'' was a slogan and name of a series of demonstrations, protests, and rallies against violence targeting Asians, Asian Americans, and others of Asian descent during the COVID-19 pandemic. It began in the United States in 2021 in ...
, a 2021 movement originating in the United States


Against East and Southeast Asians

*
Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States began in the 19th century, shortly after Chinese immigrants first arrived in North America, and persists into the 21st century. This prejudice has manifested in many forms, including racist immigration p ...
*
Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States has existed since the late 19th century, especially during the Yellow Peril, which had also extended to other Asian immigrants. Anti-Japanese sentiment against American citizens of Japanese descent ...
*
Interminority racism in the United States In the United States, economic competition and racial prejudice have both contributed to long-lasting tensions between racial and ethnic minorities. U.S. public policy Current US policy advocates a multiculturalist discourse to acknowledge m ...
(racism against
Asian Americans Asian Americans are Americans with Asian diaspora, ancestry from the continent of Asia (including naturalized Americans who are Immigration to the United States, immigrants from specific regions in Asia and descendants of those immigrants). A ...
by other minority groups)


France

* Anti-Asian racism in France


Racist incidents or perceptions

Racist incidents or perceptions, especially towards East or Southeast Asians, may include: * Emasculation of Asian men against fetishizations and hypersexualisation of Asian women ( yellow fever). ** Which causes inferiority complex and internalized racism. ** Reinforced by dangerous
racial science Scientific racism, sometimes termed biological racism, is the pseudoscience, pseudoscientific belief that the Human, human species is divided into biologically distinct taxa called "race (human categorization), races", and that empirical evi ...
of supposed "
mongoloid race Mongoloid () is an obsolete racial grouping of various peoples indigenous to large parts of Asia, the Americas, and some regions in Europe and Oceania. The term is derived from a now-disproven theory of biological race. In the past, other terms ...
" (outdated), such as lacking of
sexual dimorphism Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different Morphology (biology), morphological characteristics, including characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most dioecy, di ...
between Asian men and Asian women, as well as dealing with the aftershocks of the history of
European colonisation of Southeast Asia The first phase of European colonization of Southeast Asia took place throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Where new European powers competing to gain monopoly over the spice trade, as this trade was very valuable to the Europeans due to hig ...
and " white worship". ** * The
model minority myth The model minority myth is a racialized social construct that effectively frames certain minority groups, particularly Asian Americans, as comparatively successful, culturally adaptable, and morally disciplined to the same or different minority gro ...
fails to account for the
bamboo ceiling The term "bamboo ceiling" is a concept that describes the barriers faced by many Asian Americans in the professional arena, such as stereotypes and racism, particularly with ascending to top executive and leadership positions. The term was coined ...
, the difficult circumstances of poorer Asians, and their marginalization and stereotyping in the media. ** Contradictorily being used to justify
white supremacy White supremacy is the belief that white people are superior to those of other races. The belief favors the maintenance and defense of any power and privilege held by white people. White supremacy has roots in the now-discredited doctrine ...
through modes of "
honorary Aryan Honorary Aryan () was a semi-official category and expression used in Nazi Germany and its territories to justify certain individuals who, according to the Nuremberg Laws, were not recognized as belonging to the Aryan race, but who were nonethe ...
" or " honorary whiteness" racial concepts. ** Being used to justify racism against Black people via the model minority myth. * Are stereotyped as cold, anti-social, robotic. * Discrimination based on perceived foreignness or accent. ** Being seen as a
perpetual foreigner The perpetual foreigner, forever foreigner, or perpetual other stereotype is a racist or xenophobic form of nativism in which naturalized and even native-born citizens (including families that have lived in a country for generations) are percei ...
. * Being linked to
disease A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function (biology), function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical condi ...
s such as
coronavirus Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans and birds, they cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the comm ...
(see
Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic was first reported in the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019. The origins of the virus have subsequently led to an increase in acts and displays of sinophobia, as well as prejudice, xenophobia, discriminati ...
). * Othered into being seen as "yellow" or being seen as the "
yellow peril The Yellow Peril (also the Yellow Terror, the Yellow Menace, and the Yellow Specter) is a Racism, racist color terminology for race, color metaphor that depicts the peoples of East Asia, East and Southeast Asia as an existential danger to the ...
". * Generalizing
East Asia East Asia is a geocultural region of Asia. It includes China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan, plus two special administrative regions of China, Hong Kong and Macau. The economies of Economy of China, China, Economy of Ja ...
ns as monolithic and being ignorant of the
multicultural Multiculturalism is the coexistence of multiple cultures. The word is used in sociology, in political philosophy, and colloquially. In sociology and everyday usage, it is usually a synonym for ''ethnic'' or cultural pluralism in which various e ...
populations of Southeast Asia, such as the existence of
Melanesians Melanesians are the predominant and Indigenous peoples of Oceania, indigenous inhabitants of Melanesia, in an area stretching from New Guinea to the Fiji Islands. Most speak one of the many languages of the Austronesian languages, Austronesian l ...
in
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Mainland Au ...
, etc. On the other hand, discrimination against South Asians and/or Middle Easterners includes: * Being seen as
terrorists Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war aga ...
* Othered into being seen as "brown", a categorization which was extended to Southeast Asians. There has been an increase in the amount of psychological or mental distress which has been caused by the aforementioned factors. Myopic depictions of Asian cultures continues to be a problem. Additionally,
racism in Asia Racism in Asia is multi-faceted and has roots in events that have happened from centuries ago to the present. Racism in Asia (including some countries that are also considered to be part of the Middle-East) may occur from nation against natio ...
(racist attitudes which Asians have towards each other as well as racist attitudes which Asians have towards non-Asians) is also impacted by differences in nationality as well as regional differences.


See also

*
Afrophobia Anti-African sentiment, Afroscepticism, or Afrophobia is prejudice, discrimination, or racism towards people and cultures of Africa and of the African diaspora. Prejudice against Africans and people of African descent has a long history, dati ...
* Anti-Afghan sentiment *
Anti-Arab racism Anti-Arab racism, also called Anti-Arabism, Anti-Arab sentiment, or Arabophobia, refers to feelings and expressions of hostility, hatred, discrimination, fear, or prejudice toward Arab people, the Arab world or the Arabic language on the basis ...
*
Anti-Armenian sentiment Anti-Armenian sentiment, also known as anti-Armenianism and Armenophobia, is a diverse spectrum of negative feelings, dislikes, fears, aversion, racism, derision and/or prejudice towards Armenians, Armenia, and Armenian culture. Historically, an ...
*
Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment, Azerophobia, Azerbaijanophobia, or anti-Azerbaijanism has been mainly rooted in several countries, most notably in Russia, Armenia, and Iran, where anti- Azerbaijani sentiment has sometimes led to violent ethnic incide ...
*
Anti-Bengali sentiment in India Anti-Bengali sentiment comprises negative attitudes and views on Bengalis. This sentiment is present in several parts of India: Assam, and various tribal areas of Northeast India. etc. Issues include discrimination in inhabitation, other forms ...
*
Anti-Chinese sentiment Anti-Chinese sentiment (also referred to as Sinophobia) is the fear or dislike of Chinese people or Chinese culture. It is frequently directed at Overseas Chinese, Chinese minorities which live outside Greater China and it involves immigratio ...
*
Anti-Europeanism Anti-Europeanism, Anti-European sentiment, and Europhobia are political terms used in a variety of contexts, implying sentiment or policies in opposition to Europe. In the context of racial or ethno-nationalist politics, this may refer to the di ...
*
Anti-Hungarian sentiment Anti-Hungarian sentiment (also known as Hungarophobia, Anti-Hungarianism, Magyarophobia or Antimagyarism) is dislike, distrust, discrimination, or xenophobia directed against the Hungarians. It can involve hatred, grievance, distrust, intimidatio ...
*
Anti-Indian sentiment Anti-Indian sentiment or anti-Indianism, also called Indophobia, refers to prejudice, collective hatred, and discrimination which is directed at Indian people for any variety of reasons. According to Kenyan-American academic Ali Mazrui, Indop ...
* Anti-Indonesian sentiment *
Anti-Iranian sentiment Anti-Iranian sentiment or Iranophobia, also called anti-Persian sentiment or Persophobia,Ram, H. (2009): ''Iranophobia: The Logic of an Israeli Obsession'', Stanford University Press, refers to feelings and expressions of hostility, hatred, di ...
*
Anti-Japanese sentiment Anti-Japanese sentiment (also called Japanophobia, Nipponophobia and anti-Japanism) is the fear or dislike of Japan or Japanese culture. Anti-Japanese sentiment can take many forms, from antipathy toward Japan as a country to racist hatr ...
* Anti-Khmer sentiment *
Anti-Korean sentiment Anti-Korean sentiment or Koryophobia describes negative feelings towards Koreans, Korean people, Culture of Korea, Korean culture, or the countries, North Korea and/or South Korea. Anti-Korean sentiment has varied by location and time. Major h ...
*
Anti-Kurdish sentiment Anti-Kurdish sentiment, also known as anti-Kurdism or Kurdophobia, is hostility, fear, intolerance or racism against the Kurds, Kurdish people, Kurdistan, Kurdish culture, or Kurdish languages. A person who holds such positions is sometimes ref ...
* Anti-Malay sentiment * Anti-Middle Eastern sentiment *
Anti-Mongolianism Anti-Mongol, Anti-Mongoloid, Anti-Mongolism or also Anti-Mongolian sentiment, is the term used to describe, in general, the prejudice against or hatred toward the people of Mongolia or its country. It has been built throughout history by the ex ...
* Anti-Pakistan sentiment *
Anti-Palestinianism Anti-Palestinianism or anti-Palestinian racism refers to prejudice, collective hatred, and discrimination directed at the Palestinian people for any variety of reasons. Since the mid-20th century, the phenomenon has largely overlapped with ant ...
*
Anti-Filipino sentiment Anti-Filipino sentiment refers to the general dislike or hatred towards the Philippines, Filipinos, or Filipino culture. This can come in the form of direct slurs or persecution, in the form of connoted microaggressions, or depictions of the P ...
*
Anti-Qing sentiment Anti-Qing sentiment () refers to a sentiment principally held in China against the rule of the Manchu people, Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912), which was criticized by opponents as being "barbaric". Already hated by the Han Chinese because o ...
*
Anti-Romani sentiment Anti-Romani sentiment (also called antigypsyism, anti-Romanyism, antiziganism, ziganophobia, or Romaphobia) is an ideology which consists of hostility, prejudice, discrimination, racism, and xenophobia which is specifically directed at Romani ...
*
Anti-Russian sentiment Anti-Russian sentiment or Russophobia is the dislike or fear of Russia, Russians, Russian people, or Culture of Russia, Russian culture. The opposite of Russophobia is Russophilia. Historically, Russophobia has included state-sponsored and gr ...
*
Antisemitism Antisemitism or Jew-hatred is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who harbours it is called an antisemite. Whether antisemitism is considered a form of racism depends on the school of thought. Antisemi ...
*
Anti-Slavic sentiment Anti-Slavic sentiment, also called Slavophobia, refers to prejudice, collective hatred, and discrimination directed at the various Slavic peoples. Accompanying racism and xenophobia, the most common manifestation of anti-Slavic sentiment througho ...
* Anti-Thai sentiment * Anti-Tibetan sentiment *
Anti-Turkish sentiment Anti-Turkish sentiment, also known as Anti-Turkism (), or Turkophobia () is hostility, intolerance, or xenophobia against Turkish people, Turkish culture, and the Turkish language. The term refers to not only against Turks across all regions, ...
*
Anti-Vietnamese sentiment Anti-Vietnamese sentiment () involves hostility or hatred that is directed towards Vietnamese people, or the state of Vietnam. This may be due to negative perceptions created by historical tensions, ethnic negative perceptions, wars, or xenophob ...
*
Anti-Western sentiment Anti-Western sentiment, also known as anti-Atlanticism or Westernophobia, refers to broad opposition, bias, or hostility towards the people, culture, or policies of the Western world. This sentiment is found worldwide. It often stems from ant ...
*
Asian American activism Asian American activism broadly refers to the political movements and social justice activities involving Asian Americans. Since the first wave of Asian immigration to the United States, Asians have been actively engaged in social and political or ...
*
Discrimination based on skin tone Discrimination based on skin tone, also known as colorism or shadeism, is a form of prejudice and discrimination in which individuals of the same race receive benefits or disadvantages based on the color of their skin. More specifcally, coloris ...
*
Dusky Peril ''Dusky Peril'' was a term used in a full page article in the ''Puget Sound American,'' a daily newspaper from Bellingham, Washington, in its 16 September 1906 issue. The term was used to describe the immigration of what it described as "Hindus" ...
*
Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism in social science and anthropology—as well as in colloquial English discourse—means to apply one's own culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and people, instead o ...
*
Hispanophobia {{Short pages monitor