Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, is the entire spectrum of

rabbi A rabbi () is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi – known as ''semikha'' – following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of ...

nic writings throughout

Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

history. However, the term often refers specifically to literature from the

Talmud The Talmud (; he, , Talmūḏ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law ('' halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the cen ...

ic era, as opposed to

medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...

and modern rabbinic writing, and thus corresponds with the

Hebrew Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...

term ''Sifrut Chazal'' ( he, ספרות חז״ל "Literature

f our F, or f, is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''ef'' (pronounced ), and the plural is ''efs''. Hist ...

sages," where '' Hazal'' normally refers only to the sages of the Talmudic era). This more specific sense of "Rabbinic literature"—referring to the

im, Midrash ( he, מדרש), and related writings, but hardly ever to later texts—is how the term is generally intended when used in contemporary academic writing. The terms ''meforshim'' and ''parshanim'' (commentaries/commentators) almost always refer to later, post-Talmudic writers of rabbinic glosses on Biblical and Talmudic texts.

Mishnaic literature

The Midr'she halakha, Mishnah, and

Tosefta The Tosefta ( Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: תוספתא "supplement, addition") is a compilation of the Jewish oral law from the late 2nd century, the period of the Mishnah. Overview In many ways, the Tosefta acts as a supplement to the Mishnah ...

(compiled from materials pre-dating the year 200 CE) are the earliest extant works of rabbinic literature, expounding and developing Judaism's Oral Law, as well as ethical teachings. Following these came the two Talmuds: *The

Jerusalem Talmud The Jerusalem Talmud ( he, תַּלְמוּד יְרוּשַׁלְמִי, translit=Talmud Yerushalmi, often for short), also known as the Palestinian Talmud or Talmud of the Land of Israel, is a collection of rabbinic notes on the second-century ...

, c. 450 CE *The

Babylonian Talmud The Talmud (; he, , Talmūḏ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law ('' halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the cen ...

, full canonization of all the previous texts c. 600 CE. *The minor tractates (part of the Babylonian Talmud)

The Midrash

Midrash (pl. ''Midrashim'') is a Hebrew word referring to a method of reading details into, or out of, a biblical text. The term ''midrash'' also can refer to a compilation of Midrashic teachings, in the form of legal, exegetical, homiletical, or narrative writing, often configured as a commentary on the

Bible The Bible (from Koine Greek , , 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, and many other religions. The Bible is an anthologya compilation of texts o ...

or Mishnah. There are a large number of "classical" Midrashic works spanning a period from Mishnaic to Geonic times, often showing evidence of having been worked and reworked from earlier materials, and frequently coming to us in multiple variants. A compact list of these works ased on is given below; a more thorough annotated list can be found under Midrash. The timeline below must be approximate because many of these works were composed over a long span of time, borrowing and collating material from earlier versions; their histories are therefore somewhat uncertain and the subject of scholarly debate. In the table, "n.e." designates that the work in question is not extant except in secondary references.

Later works by category

Aggada

* Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva * Ein Yaakov *

Legends of the Jews The ''Legends of the Jews'' is a chronological compilation of aggadah from hundreds of biblical legends in Mishnah, Talmud and Midrash. The compilation consists of seven volumes (four volumes of narrative texts and two volumes of footnotes with a ...

* Midrash HaGadol *

Midrash Hashkem Midrash Hashkem, also known as Midrash ve-Hizhir'', is an aggadic and halachic midrash on the Pentateuch. It roughly follows the Torah from Book of Exodus, Exodus 8 to Book of Numbers, Numbers 20. Names The midrash begins with a haggadic passage, ...

* Midrash Rabba * Midrash Shmuel * Midrash Tehillim * Pesikta de-Rav Kahana * Pesikta Rabbati * Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer * Seder Olam Rabbah * Seder Olam Zutta * Sefer HaAggadah * Sefer haYashar (midrash) * Smaller midrashim * Tanhuma * Tanna Devei Eliyahu * Tseno Ureno * Yalkut Shimoni

Hasidic thought

* ''

Keter Shem Tov ''Keter Shem Tov'', ( he, כתר שם טוב, "The Crown of the Good Name") was the first published work of the teachings of Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov, the founder of Hasidism. The book was published in Zalkevo, 1794, more than thirty years afte ...

'' * ''

Tzavaat HaRivash Tzavaat HaRivash (Hebrew: , "Testament of the Rabbi Yisroel Baal Shem") is a book of collected teachings from the Baal Shem Tov regarding Divine service, personal refinement, and understanding the Divine. The title of the book is derived from its op ...

'' * ''Toledot Yaakov Yosef'' * ''Ben Porat Yosef'' * ''Tzafnat Paneach'' * ''Ketonet Pasim'' * ''Magid Devarav L'Yaakov'' * ''Or Torah'' * ''Menachem Zion'' * ''Meor Einayim'' and ''Yesamach Lev'' * ''Noam Elimelech'' * ''Menorat Zahav'' * ''Avodat Yisrael'' * ''Pri Ha'Aretz'' and ''P'ri Ha'Eitz'' * ''Kedushas Levi'' * ''Bet Aharon'' * ''Yosher Divrei Emes'' * ''Tanya'' (''Likutei Amarim'') * '' Torah Or/Likutei Torah'' * ''Likutei Moharan'' * ''Sichot HaRan'' * ''Be'er Mayim Hayyim'' * ''Siduro Shel Shabbos'' * ''Avodas HaLevi'' * '' Mei Hashiloach'' * ''Kol Simcha'' * ''Bnei Yissachar'' * ''Imrei Elimelech'' and ''Divrei Elimelech'' * ''Aish Kodesh'' * '' Sefas Emes'' * '' Imrei Emes'' * '' Shem Mishmuel'' * '' Likkutei Sichos'' * ''Netivot Shalom'' * ''Darchei Noam''

Hebrew poetry

* Biblical poetry * Medieval Hebrew poetry

Jewish liturgy

Piyyut A ''piyyut'' or ''piyut'' (plural piyyutim or piyutim, he, פִּיּוּטִים / פיוטים, פִּיּוּט / פיוט ; from Greek ποιητής ''poiētḗs'' "poet") is a Jewish liturgical poem, usually designated to be sung, ch ...

* Siddur

Jewish philosophy

* Chovot HaLevavot *

Derech Hashem ''Derech HaShem'' (The "Way of the Name") is a philosophical text written in the early 1740s by Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto. It is considered one of the quintessential handbooks of Jewish thought. The text covers a vast gamut of philosophical to ...

* Emunah Ubitachon *

Emunot v'Dayyot ''The Book of Beliefs and Opinions'' ( ar, كتاب الأمانات والاعتقادات, translit=Kitāb al-Amānāt wa l-Iʿtiqādāt) is a book written by Saadia Gaon (completed 933) which is the first systematic presentation and philosophi ...

* Kad ha-Kemach * Kuzari * Moreh Nevukhim (Guide for the Perplexed) * Milchamot Hashem (Wars of the Lord) * Nefesh Ha-Chaim * Or Adonai * Perek Chelek * Philo * Sefer ha-Ikkarim

Kabbalah

* Etz Chaim * Maggid Mesharim * Pardes Rimonim *

Sefer haBahir ''Bahir'' or ''Sefer HaBahir'' ( he, סֵפֶר הַבָּהִיר, ; "Book of Clarity" or "Book of Illumination") is an anonymous mystical work, attributed to a 1st-century Rabbi, rabbinic sage Nehunya ben HaKanah (a contemporary of Yochanan ben ...

* Sefer Raziel HaMalakh *

Sefer Yetzirah ''Sefer Yetzirah'' ( ''Sēp̄er Yəṣīrā'', ''Book of Formation'', or ''Book of Creation'') is the title of a book on Jewish mysticism, although some early commentators treated it as a treatise on mathematical and linguistic theory as opposed ...

* Tikunei haZohar * Tomer Devorah *

Zohar The ''Zohar'' ( he, , ''Zōhar'', lit. "Splendor" or "Radiance") is a foundational work in the literature of Jewish mystical thought known as Kabbalah. It is a group of books including commentary on the mystical aspects of the Torah (the five ...

Jewish law

Arba'ah Turim ''Arba'ah Turim'' ( he, אַרְבָּעָה טוּרִים), often called simply the ''Tur'', is an important Halakhic code composed by Yaakov ben Asher (Cologne, 1270 – Toledo, Spain c. 1340, also referred to as ''Ba'al Ha-Turim''). The f ...

* Aruch HaShulchan *

Beit Yosef A Beit (also spelled bait, ar, بيت , literally "a house") is a metrical unit of Arabic, Iranian, Urdu and Sindhi poetry. It corresponds to a line, though sometimes improperly renderered as "couplet" since each ''beit'' is divided into t ...

Ben Ish Hai Yosef Hayim (1 September 1835 – 30 August 1909) ( Iraqi Hebrew: Yoseph Ḥayyim; he, יוסף חיים מבגדאד) was a leading Baghdadi ''hakham'' (Sephardi rabbi), authority on ''halakha'' (Jewish law), and Master Kabbalist. He is best ...

* Chayei Adam and

Chochmat Adam Avraham Danzig (ben Yehiel Michael, 1748—1820; אברהם דנציג) was a rabbi, ''posek'' (legal decisor) and codifier, best known as the author of the works of Jewish law called ''Chayei Adam'' and ''Chochmat Adam''. He is sometimes referred ...

* Darkhei Moshe * Halachot Gedolot * Kaf HaChaim * Hilchot HaRif *

Kessef Mishneh Joseph ben Ephraim Karo, also spelled Yosef Caro, or Qaro ( he, יוסף קארו; 1488 – March 24, 1575, 13 Nisan 5335 A.M.), was the author of the last great codification of Jewish law, the '' Beit Yosef'', and its popular analogue, the ''Shu ...

* Kitzur Shulchan Aruch * Levush Malchut *

Minchat Chinuch Joseph ben Moses Babad (1801 in Przeworsk – 1874 in Ternopil) was a rabbi, ''posek'' and Talmudist, best known for his work, the ''Minchat Chinuch'', a commentary on the '' Sefer Hachinuch''. Babad served as rabbi at Bohorodczany, Zbarizh, ...

Mishnah Berurah The ''Mishnah Berurah'' ( he, משנה ברורה "Clear Teaching") is a work of '' halakha'' (Jewish law) by Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan (Poland, 1838–1933, also known as ''Chofetz Chaim''). It is a commentary on '' Orach Chayim'', the first secti ...

* Mishneh Torah * Responsa literature * Sefer ha-Chinuch * Sefer Hamitzvot * Sefer Mitzvot Gadol *

Shulchan Aruch The ''Shulchan Aruch'' ( he, שֻׁלְחָן עָרוּך , literally: "Set Table"), sometimes dubbed in English as the Code of Jewish Law, is the most widely consulted of the various legal codes in Judaism. It was authored in Safed (today in I ...

Shulchan Aruch HaRav The ''Shulchan Aruch HaRav'' ( he, שולחן ערוך הרב, , Shulchan Aruch of the Rabbi; also romanized ''Shulkhan Arukh HaRav'') is especially a record of prevailing halakha by Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi (1745–1812), known during hi ...

* Yalkut Yosef

Musar literature

* Mesillat Yesharim *

Orchot Tzaddikim ''Orchot Tzaddikim'' (Hebrew: ארחות צדיקים) is a book on Jewish ethics written in Germany in the 15th century, entitled ''Sefer ha-Middot'' by the author, but called ''Orḥot Ẓaddiḳim'' by a later copyist. Under this title a Yiddish ...

Sefer Chasidim Sefer may refer to: * Sefer (Hebrew), a term for a book People with the surname *Franjo Šefer (born 1905), Yugoslav tennis player *Bela Šefer, Yugoslav footballer playing in 1924 People with the forename * Sefer Reis, Turkish privateer and Otto ...

* Shaarei Teshuva * Sefer ha-Yir'ah *

Chovot ha-Levavot ''Chovot HaLevavot'', or ''Ḥobot HaLebabot'' (; he, חובות הלבבות; English: ''Duties of the Hearts''), is the primary work of the Jewish rabbi, Bahya ibn Paquda, full name ''Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda''. Rabbi Ibn Paquda is believed ...

Ma'alot ha-Middot Jehiel ben Jekuthiel Anav (Yechiel ben Yekutiel ( he, יחיאל ב. יקותאל) Anav), also referred to as Jehiel ben Jekuthiel ben Benjamin HaRofe, who lived in Rome during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, was a famous scholar, poet, ''p ...

* Mishnat R' Aharon * Mikhtav me-Eliyahu * Tomer Devorah * Sichos Mussar * Pele Yoetz *

Kav ha-Yashar ''Kav ha-Yashar'' (lit. ''The Just Measure''; קב הישר), authored by Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch Kaidanover (1648–1712; Rabbi at Frankfurt, son of Aaron Samuel Kaidanover), is an "ethical-kabbalistic collection of stories, moral guidance, and customs ...

* Kad HaKemah * Madreigat Ha'Adam * Shemonah Perakim

Later works by historical period

Works of the Geonim

The Geonim are the rabbis of Sura and Pumbeditha, in Babylon (650 - 1250) : *''She'iltoth of Acha'i aon' *'' Halachot Gedolot'' *''

Halachot Pesukot Halachot Pesukot is a rabbinic work written by Yehudai Gaon in the geonic era, containing chapters on common Jewish '' halachic'' themes. The work was compiled in the 8th-century and is written in Aramaic, and follows the format of ''Halachot Ge ...

'', by Rav Yehudai Gaon *'' Emunoth ve-Deoth'' ( Saadia Gaon) *The '' Siddur'' by Amram Gaon *

Responsa ''Responsa'' (plural of Latin , 'answer') comprise a body of written decisions and rulings given by legal scholars in response to questions addressed to them. In the modern era, the term is used to describe decisions and rulings made by scholars ...

Works of the ''Rishonim'' (the "early" rabbinical commentators)

The Rishonim are the rabbis of the early medieval period (1000 - 1550) *The commentaries on the Torah, such as those by Rashi, Abraham ibn Ezra and Nahmanides. *Commentaries on the Talmud, principally by Rashi, his grandson Samuel ben Meir and Nissim of Gerona. *Commentaries on the Mishnah, such as those composed by

Maimonides Musa ibn Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides (); la, Moses Maimonides and also referred to by the acronym Rambam ( he, רמב״ם), was a Sephardic Jewish philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah ...

, Obadiah of Bertinoro, and Nathan ben Abraham *Talmudic novellae ('' chiddushim'') by Tosafists, Nahmanides, Nissim of Gerona, Solomon ben Aderet (RaShBA), Yomtov ben Ashbili (Ritva) *Works of '' halakha'' ( Asher ben Yechiel, Mordechai ben Hillel) *Codices by

and Jacob ben Asher, and finally '' Shulkhan Arukh'' *

, e.g. by Solomon ben Aderet (RaShBA) *

Kabbalistic Kabbalah ( he, קַבָּלָה ''Qabbālā'', literally "reception, tradition") is an esoteric method, discipline and Jewish theology, school of thought in Jewish mysticism. A traditional Kabbalist is called a Mekubbal ( ''Məqūbbāl'' "rece ...

works (such as the

) *Philosophical works (

, Gersonides, Nahmanides) *Ethical works (

Bahya ibn Paquda Bahya ben Joseph ibn Paquda (also: Pakuda, Bakuda, Hebrew: , ar, بهية بن فاقودا), c. 1050–1120, was a Jewish philosopher and rabbi who lived at Zaragoza, Al-Andalus (now Spain). He was one of two people now known as Rabbeinu Behay ...

Jonah of Gerona Rabbi Jonah ben Abraham Gerondi ( he, יוֹנָה בֶּן־אַבְרָהָם גִירוֹנְדִי ''Yōnāh bēn-ʾAvrāhām Gīrōndī'', "Jonah son of Abraham the Gironan"; died 1264), also known as Jonah of Girona and Rabbeinu Yonah (), wa ...

)

Works of the ''Acharonim'' (the "later" rabbinical commentators)

The Acharonim are the rabbis from 1550 to the present day. *Important Torah commentaries include ''Keli Yakar'' ( Shlomo Ephraim Luntschitz), ''Ohr ha-Chayim'' by

Chayim ben-Attar Chaim ibn Attar or Ḥayyim ben Moshe ibn Attar ( ar, حاييم بن موشي بن عطار, he, חיים בן משה בן עטר; b. - 7 July 1743) also known as the Or ha-Ḥayyim after his popular commentary on the Torah, was a Talmudist ...

, the commentary of Samson Raphael Hirsch, and the commentary of Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin. *Important works of Talmudic novellae include: '' Pnei Yehoshua'', ''Hafla'ah'', ''Sha'agath Aryei'' *Responsa, e.g. by Moses Sofer, Moshe Feinstein *Works of '' halakha'' and

codices The codex (plural codices ) was the historical ancestor of the modern book. Instead of being composed of sheets of paper, it used sheets of vellum, papyrus, or other materials. The term ''codex'' is often used for ancient manuscript books, ...

e.g. ''

'' by Yisrael Meir Kagan and the '' Aruch ha-Shulchan'' by Yechiel Michel Epstein *Ethical and philosophical works: Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, Yisrael Meir Kagan and the Mussar Movement * Hasidic works (''Kedushath Levi'', ''Sefath Emmeth'', ''Shem mi-Shemuel'') *Philosophical/metaphysical works (the works of the Maharal of Prague, Moshe Chaim Luzzatto and ''Nefesh ha-Chayim'' by Chaim of Volozhin) *Mystical works *Historical works, e.g. ''Shem ha-Gedolim'' by Chaim Joseph David Azulai.

Meforshim

''Meforshim'' is a

word meaning "commentators" (or roughly meaning " exegetes"), ''Perushim'' means "commentaries". In

Judaism Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in the ...

these words refer to commentaries on the Torah (five books of Moses), Tanakh, Mishnah,

, the

responsa ''Responsa'' (plural of Latin , 'answer') comprise a body of written decisions and rulings given by legal scholars in response to questions addressed to them. In the modern era, the term is used to describe decisions and rulings made by scholars ...

literature, or even the siddur (Jewish prayerbook), and more.

Classic Torah and Talmud commentaries

Classic Torah and/or Talmud commentaries have been written by the following individuals: * Geonim ** Saadia Gaon, 10th century Babylon * Rishonim ** Rashi (Shlomo Yitzchaki), 12th century France ** Abraham ibn Ezra **

Nachmanides Moses ben Nachman ( he, מֹשֶׁה בֶּן־נָחְמָן ''Mōše ben-Nāḥmān'', "Moses son of Nachman"; 1194–1270), commonly known as Nachmanides (; el, Ναχμανίδης ''Nakhmanídēs''), and also referred to by the acronym Ra ...

(Moshe ben Nahman) ** Samuel ben Meir, the Rashbam, 12th century France ** Gersonides, also known as Levi ben Gershom or Ralbag) ** David Kimhi, the Radak, 13th century France ** Joseph ben Isaac Bekhor Shor, 12th century France ** Nissim of Gerona, also known as Nissim ben Reuben Gerondi, or the RaN, 14th century Spain ** Isaac Abarbanel (1437–1508) ** Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno, 16th century Italy * Acharonim ** The

Vilna Gaon Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, ( he , ר' אליהו בן שלמה זלמן ''Rabbi Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman'') known as the Vilna Gaon (Yiddish: דער װילנער גאון ''Der Vilner Gaon'', pl, Gaon z Wilna, lt, Vilniaus Gaonas) or Elijah of ...

, also known as Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, 18th century Lithuania ** The Malbim, Meir Leibush ben Yehiel Michel Wisser Classical Talmudic commentaries were written by Rashi. After Rashi the Tosafot were written, which was an omnibus commentary on the Talmud by the disciples and descendants of Rashi; this commentary was based on discussions done in the rabbinic academies of Germany and France.

Modern Torah commentaries

Modern Torah commentaries which have received wide acclaim in the Jewish community include: *''Haemek Davar'' by Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin *The Chofetz Chaim *''Torah Temimah'' of Baruch ha-Levi Epstein *''Kerem HaTzvi'', by Rabbi

Tzvi Hirsch Ferber Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch Ferber ( he, צבי הירש פרבר; 1879 – November 1966) was a Talmudic and Torah scholar, gifted orator, prolific author and tireless community builder. A man of outstanding knowledge and talent, he was an exemplar of old ...

*''Sefat Emet'' (Lips of Truth), Yehudah Aryeh Leib of Ger, 19th century Europe *The "Pentateuch and Haftaras" by

Joseph H. Hertz Joseph Herman Hertz (25 September 1872 – 14 January 1946) was a British Rabbi and biblical scholar. He held the position of Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom from 1913 until his death in 1946, in a period encompassing both world wars and the ...

* ''Uebersetzung und Erklärung des Pentateuchs'' ("Translation and Commentary of the Pentateuch") by Samson Raphael Hirsch * Nechama Leibowitz, a noted woman scholar * ''HaTorah vehaMitzva'' ("The Torah and the Commandment") by Meïr Leibush, the " Malbim" *''Ha-Ketav veha-Kabbalah'' by Rabbi

Yaakov Tzvi Mecklenburg Yaakov Tzvi Mecklenburg (יעקב צבי מקלנבורג) was a German rabbi and scholar of the 19th century, best known as author of the Torah commentary ''Hakketav Vehakkabbalah'' (''Haksav Vehakaboleh''). Biography He was born in 1785 (5545 ...

*The Soncino Books of the Bible *Richard Elliot Friedman's ''Commentary on the Torah'' (2001)

Modern Siddur commentaries

Modern Siddur commentaries have been written by: *Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan HaCohen, ''The Chofetz Chaim's Siddur'' * Samson Raphael Hirsch, ''The Hirsch Siddur'', Feldheim * Abraham Isaac Kook, ''Olat Reyia'' *The Authorised Daily Prayer Book with commentary by

Elie Munk Elie Munk (1900–1981), was a German-born French rabbi and rabbinic scholar, "a scion of a long and distinguished line of German rabbis and scholars". A number of other Jewish scholars have similar names. ''Eliyahu Munk'' translated numerous Jew ...

, ''The World of Prayer'', Elie Munk *

Nosson Scherman Nosson Scherman ( he, נתן שרמן, born 1935, Newark, New Jersey) is an American Haredi rabbi best known as the general editor of ArtScroll/Mesorah Publications. Early life Scherman was born and raised in Newark, New Jersey, where his paren ...

, ''The Artscroll Siddur'', Mesorah Publications *

Jonathan Sacks Jonathan Henry Sacks, Baron Sacks ( he, יונתן הנרי זקס, translit=Yona'tan Henry Zaks; 8 March 19487 November 2020) was an English Orthodox rabbi, philosopher, theologian, and author. Sacks served as the Chief Rabbi of the United ...

, in the '' Authorised Daily Prayer Book of the British Commonwealth'' (the new version of " Singer's Prayer Book") as well as the Koren Sacks Siddur. * Reuven Hammer, ''Or Hadash'', a siddur commentary built around the text of Siddur Sim Shalom, United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism *''My Peoples Prayer Book'', Jewish Lights Publishing, written by a team of non-Orthodox rabbis and Talmud scholars.

Bibliography

*''Back to the Sources: Reading the Classic Jewish Texts'', Barry W. Holtz, (Summit Books) *''Introduction to Rabbinic Literature'' Jacob Neusner, (Anchor Bible Reference Library/Doubleday) *''Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash'', H. L. Strack and G. Stemberger, (Fortress Press) *''The Literature of the Sages: Oral Torah, Halakha, Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud, External Tractates,'' Shemuel Safrai and Peter J. Tomson (Fortress, 1987)

External links

General

A survey of rabbinic literatureComprehensive listing by category - Global Jewish DatabaseOnline Resources for the Study of Rabbinic Literature

Links to full text resources

The Sefaria LibraryMechon MamreSages of Ashkenaz DatabaseThe Electronic Torah Warehousehebrewbooks.orgseforimonline.org

Glossaries

Sources@JTS
{{Authority control Ancient Hebrew texts Chazal