The Qutlugh-Khanids (otherwise known as the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty, Kirmanid dynasty, or very rarely as the Later Western Liao) was a

dynasty A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,''Oxford English Dictionary'', "dynasty, ''n''." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897. usually in the context of a monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A ...

of ethnic Khitan origin that ruled over Kirman (in present-day Kerman Province,

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

) from 1222 to 1306. It was founded by

Buraq Hajib Buraq Hajib, also spelt Baraq Hajib (died 1234), Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. . was a Khitan who founded the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty in the southern Persian province of Kirman t ...

, who emigrated from the

Qara Khitai The Qara Khitai, or Kara Khitai (), also known as the Western Liao (), officially the Great Liao (), was a Sinicized dynastic regime based in Central Asia ruled by the Khitan Yelü clan. The Qara Khitai is considered by historians to be an ...

(Western Liao dynasty) during the collapse of the realm. Originally an independent entity, the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty subsequently ruled as vassals of the

Khwarazmian dynasty The Anushtegin dynasty or Anushteginids (English: , fa, ), also known as the Khwarazmian dynasty ( fa, ) was a Persianate C. E. BosworthKhwarazmshahs i. Descendants of the line of Anuštigin In Encyclopaedia Iranica, online ed., 2009: ''" ...

, the

Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, ...

and the

Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm ...

. The dynasty was removed from power by the Ilkhanid ruler

Öljaitü Öljaitü ( mn, , Öljaitü Qaghan, fa, اولجایتو), also known as Mohammad-e Khodabande ( fa, محمد خدابنده, ''khodābande'' from Persian meaning the "slave of God" or "servant of God"; 1280 – December 16, 1316), was the eig ...

, who appointed Nasir al-Din Muhammad ibn Burhan as governor of Kirman.

Later Western Liao

Although there was no mention of a dynasty called the "Later Western Liao" (后西辽) in traditional Chinese scholarship, Wang Zhilai wrote a paper ''On the Later Western Liao'' (关于"后西辽") in 1983, where he proposed to call the Qutlugh-Khanids the "Later Western Liao", thereby positioning the dynasty as an extension of the

Western Liao The Qara Khitai, or Kara Khitai (), also known as the Western Liao (), officially the Great Liao (), was a Sinicized dynastic regime based in Central Asia ruled by the Khitan Yelü clan. The Qara Khitai is considered by historians to be an ...

End of the Kirmanid dynasty

The

Mongol The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member ...

Ilkhanid The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm, ...

ruler

(r.1304-1316) ended the Kirman Kara-Khitan dynasty in 1306 after the last of the Qutlugh Khans, Quțb al-Dīn II, neglected to pay his dues to the Mongol treasury. The Qutlugh Khan escaped to

Shiraz Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars () and Persis. As of the 2016 national census, the population of the city was 1,565,572 p ...

, and his daughter later became the wife of Mubārriz al-Dīn Muhammad, the founder of the Muzaffarid dynasty.

List of monarchs of the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty

* Baraq Hajib (1222–1235) * Qutb al-Din Muhammad Khan (1235) * Rukn al-Din Khwajajuk (1235–1252) * Qutb al-Din Muhammad Khan (second reign; 1252–1257) *

Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj was a nominal Qutlughkhanid prince of Kerman, a son of Qutb al-Din Mohammad and Kutlugh Turkan. Life Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj was a minor when his father Qutb al-Din Mohammad died in 1257. Kerman nobles assembled and a ...

(1257–1267/8) (under regency of

Kutlugh Turkan Kutlugh Turkan (c.1208/1213 – 1283), was a ruler of Kirman from 1257 until 1282. Early life Different accounts exist regarding her early life. According to "History of Qara-Khitai Shahs" (''Tāriḵ-e šāhi-e Qarāḵtāʾiān'') by anony ...

) *

(1257–1282) * Jalal al-Din Suyurghatmish (1282–1292) * Safwat al-Din Padishah Khatun (1292–1295) *

Kurdujin Khatun Kurdujin Khatun (prior to 1273–1338) was an Ilkhanid princess, ruler of Kerman in 1295–1296 and of Shiraz in 1319–1338 Life She was born to Abish Khatun and Möngke Temür, the son of Hulagu Khan. First Marriage Her marriage to Suyu ...

(1295) *

Muzaffar al-Din Mohammad Muzaffar al-Din Mohammad was the penultimate Qutlughkhanid ruler of Kerman. Life He was the son of Muzaffar al-Din Hajjaj. He succeeded Kurdujin Khatun as hereditary ruler of Kerman on the order of Ghazan in 1295/1296. One of his first orders w ...

(1295–1304) **Yuluk Shah (1295) — in rebellion **Suyuk Shah (1301–1302) — in rebellion *

Qutb al-Din Shah Jahan Qutb al-Din Shah Jahan was the last Qutlughkhanid ruler of Kerman. Life He was a son of Suyurghatmish. His reign was brief after his succession to his cousin. He was reported to be cruel, corrupt and extremely tempered. He was replaced by a ...

(1304–1306)

References

Sources

* {{cite encyclopedia , title =Ḳutlug̲h̲-K̲h̲ānids, first = V. , last = Minorsky , encyclopedia = The Encyclopedia of Islam, SECOND , editor=P. Bearman , editor2=Th. Bianquis , editor3=C.E. Bosworth , editor4=E. van Donzel , editor5=W.P. Heinrichs , publisher = BRILL Online , url = https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/kutlugh-khanids-SIM_4588 , year = 2012 Qara Khitai 1222 establishments in Asia 1306 disestablishments in Asia People from Kerman

Later Western Liao

End of the Kirmanid dynasty

List of monarchs of the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty

See also

References

Sources