Qaghan or

Khagan Khagan or Qaghan (Middle Mongol:; or ''Khagan''; ) or zh, c=大汗, p=Dàhán; ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan, Khaqan, Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, Қан, or Kha'an is a title of empire, im ...

(; ) is a title of imperial rank in the Turkic and Mongolian languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire). Qaghan may refer to: *

Bumin Qaghan Bumin Qaghan (, also known as Illig Qaghan ( Chinese: 伊利可汗, Pinyin: Yīlì Kèhán, Wade–Giles: i-li k'o-han) or Yamï Qaghan (, died 552 AD) was the founder of the Turkic Khaganate. He was the eldest son of Ashina Tuwu (吐務 / 吐� ...

(a.k.a. Bumın Kagan) or Illig Qaghan, (died 552 AD), the founder of the Turkic Khaganate *

Issik Qaghan Kara Issik Qaghan () was the second ruler of the Turkic Khaganate. Biography His personal name was Ashina Keluo () which is reconstructible in Middle Chinese as *''kʰuâ-lâ'', which is transliterated as either Old Turkic ''Qara''. His regnal n ...

, the second ruler of the Turkic Khaganate (552-553) *

Muqan Qaghan Muqan Qaghan (, , , Rouran: 𑀫𑀼𑀖𑀅𑀦 𑀕𑀅𑀖𑀅𑀦, romanized: ''Muɣan Qaɣan'') was the second son of Bumin Qaghan and the third khagan of the Göktürks who expanded their khaganate and secured the borders against the Hephth ...

, the second son of Bumin Qaghan and the third khagan of the Göktürks. Ruled 553 – 572 *

Taspar Qaghan Taspar Qaghan ( Sogdian: ''t’asp’r γ’γ’n'') or Tatpar Qaghan (Sogdian: ''t’tp’r x’γ’n'', Rouran: ''Tadpar qaɣan''; Old Turkic: 𐱃𐱃𐰯𐰺𐰴𐰍𐰣 Tatpar qaγan, 佗缽可汗/佗钵可汗, Pinyin: tuóbō Kèhán, Wade ...

or Tatpar Qaghan, the third son of Bumin Qaghan and Wei Changle, and the fourth khagan of the Turkic Khaganate (572–581) *

Ishbara Qaghan Ishbara Qaghan (, ) (c. 540 – 587) was the first son of Issik Qaghan, grandson of Bumin Qaghan, and the sixth khagan of the Turkic Khaganate (581–587). Name His birth name was recorded as either Ashina Shetu or Nietu () in Chinese sourc ...

(before 540 – 587), the first son of Issik Qaghan, grandson of Bumin Qaghan, and the sixth khagan of the Turkic Khaganate (581–587) *

Apa Qaghan Apa Qaghan (, Middle Chinese: (Guangyun) ) was a son of Muqan Qaghan and a claimant to the Turkic Khaganate. Biography He was born Ashina Daluobian or Talopien () to Muqan Qaghan and a concubine, probably around 551. Lev Gumilev reconstructed ...

, son of Muqan Qaghan, declared himself qaghan of the Turkic Khaganate and reigned: 581–587 *

Bagha Qaghan Bagha Qaghan () was the seventh Khagan (587–588) of the Eastern Wing of Göktürks during the turmoil inside the khaganate. He has been erraneously associated with Šāwa, Sāva, or Sāba in Persian sources. Biography He was born to Issik ...

, the seventh ruler of the Turkic Kaganate (587–589) *

Niri Qaghan Niri Qaghan (; , probably Rouran: ''nı̣rı̣ qaɣan'') was a ruler of the Western Turkic Khaganate. Biography He was the grandson of Muqan Qaghan through Yangsu Tegin. He had a younger brother named Poshi Tegin (婆實特勤). He was enthron ...

, ruler of the Western Turkic Khaganate (587-599) *

Heshana Qaghan Heshana Qaghan or Heshana Khagan ( Chinese: 曷娑那可汗, (Pinyin): hésuōnà kěhàn, ( Wade-Giles): ho-so-na k'o-han, Middle Chinese (Guangyun) or 曷薩那可汗/曷萨那可汗, hésànà kěhàn, ho-sa-na k'o-han; at one point known as C ...

(died 619), a khagan of Western Turkic Khaganate (604-612) *

Yami Qaghan Yami Qaghan ( Jаmï qağan; Chinese: 啓民可汗, 啟民可汗/启民可汗; Pinyin: Qǐmín Kěhàn, Wade-Giles: Ch'i-min K'o-han, Middle Chinese (Guangyun): ), personal name Ashina Rangan (阿史那染幹/阿史那染干, pinyin Āshǐnà r� ...

(?–609), personal name Ashina Jankan, a khagan of Eastern Turkic Khaganate, known in some point as Tolis Qaghan *

Tong Yabghu Qaghan Tong Yabghu Qaghan (r. 618–628 or 630) was the khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate from 618 to 628 AD. Tong Yabghu was the brother of Sheguy (r. 611–618), the previous khagan of the western Göktürks, and was a member of the Ashina ...

was khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate from 618 to 628 *

Illig Qaghan Illig Qaghan (Old Turkic: ; ; died 13 February 634), born Ashina Duobi (), posthumous name Prince Huang of Guiyi (歸義荒王), was the last qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. Background He was a son of Yami Qaghan and his Tuyuhun wife ...

, later Tang posthumous title Prince Huang of Guiyi, the last qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate *Tolis Qaghan (603–631), personal name

Ashina Shibobi Ashina Shibobi ( 603 – 631, Old Turkic regnal name: 𐱅𐰇𐰠𐰾𐰴𐰍𐰣, Töles qaγan) — was a lesser khagan (or Qaghan equivalent to Emperor), who ruled the eastern wing of Eastern Turkic Khaganate. Early life Ashina Shibobi was ...

, son of Shibi Qaghan, a khagan of Eastern Turkic Khaganate when the khaganate was defeated and became a vassal of Tang dynasty. *

Ilterish Qaghan Ilterish Qaghan (, zh, 頡跌利施可汗/颉跌利施可汗 ''Xiédiēlìshīkěhàn''; personal name: Ashina Qutlugh, 阿史那骨篤祿/阿史那骨笃禄, ''āshǐnà gǔdǔlù'', a-shih-na ku-tu-lu, d. 691) was the founder of the Second Turk ...

(died 692) was the founder of the Second Turkic Khaganate (reigning 682–692) *

Qapaghan Qaghan Qapaghan or Qapghan Qaghan (, meaning "the conqueror", , Xiao'erjing: ٿِيًا شًا, Dungan: Чяншан, , also called Bögü Qaghan () in Bain Tsokto inscriptions) was the second khagan of the Second Turkic Khaganate during Wu Zetian's ...

(664-716) or Qapghan Qaghan, the second Khaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate during Wu Zetian's reign and was the younger brother of the first kaghan, Ilterish Qaghan *

Inel Qaghan Inäl Qaγan (, zh, , c=, s=, t=拓西可汗, p=Tuoxīkèhán) was the third khagan of Second Turkic Khaganate. During Qapγan's reign He actively participated in his father's campaigns. He became lesser khagan and received from his father 40, ...

or Inel Khagan, a ruler of the Second Turkic Khaganate (716) Kaghan *

Bilge Khagan Bilge Qaghan (; ; 683 – 25 November 734) was the fourth khagan, Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate. His accomplishments were described in the Orkhon inscriptions. Names As was the custom, his personal name and the name after assuming the t ...

(683–734), the khagan of the Second Turkic Khaganate (717–734) *

Oghuz Khagan Oghuz Khagan or Oghuz Khan (; ; ) is a legendary khan of the Turkic people and an eponymous ancestor of Oghuz Turks. Some Turkic cultures use the legend of Oghuz Khan to describe their ethnic and tribal origins. The various versions of the narra ...

or Oghuz Khan, a legendary and semi-mythological khan of the Turks

See also