The Tiglian, also referred to as the Tegelen, is a temperate complex stage in the glacial history of Northern Europe. It is preceded by the Praetiglian (stage). The stage was introduced by Zagwijn in 1957 based on geological formations in

Tegelen Tegelen ( li, Tegele) is a village in the municipality of Venlo, situated in the Netherlands. It was an independent municipality until 2001, when it was merged into the municipality of Venlo. Tiglian The name of the glacial stage of Tiglian (pa ...

in southern Netherlands. Originally, it was thought to be part of a sequence of glacials and interglacials, namely Praetiglian (cold), Tiglian (warm),

Eburonian The Eburonian (german: Eburon or ''Eburonium''), or, much less commonly, the Eburonian Stage, is a glacial complex in the Calabrian age of the Pleistocene epoch and lies between the Tegelen and the Waalian interglacial. The transition from the T ...

(cold), Waalian (warm),

Menapian The Menapii were a Belgic tribe dwelling near the North Sea, around present-day Cassel, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name Attestations They are mentioned as ''Menapii'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC) and Orosius (early 5th c. AD), ...

(cold), and Bavelian (warm).Kasse (1993), Periglacial environments and climate development during Early Pleistocene Tiglian stage (Beerse Glacial) in northern Belgium, Geologie en Mijnbouw 72, 107-123, Kluwer
/ref> The Praetiglian and Tiglian are today regarded as corresponding to the Biber stage in the glacial history of the Alps and to the

Gelasian The Gelasian is an age in the international geologic timescale or a stage in chronostratigraphy, being the earliest or lowest subdivision of the Quaternary Period/System and Pleistocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 2.58 Ma (million ye ...

(2.6-1.8 million years ago) in the global division of the Quaternary period. Deep sea core samples have identified approximately 40

marine isotope stage Marine isotope stages (MIS), marine oxygen-isotope stages, or oxygen isotope stages (OIS), are alternating warm and cool periods in the Earth's paleoclimate, deduced from oxygen isotope data reflecting changes in temperature derived from data f ...

s (MIS 103 – MIS 64) during the Gelasian.German Stratigraphic Commission: Stratigraphische Tabelle von Deutschland 2016
/ref> Thus, there have probably been about 20 glacial cycles of varying intensity during Praetiglian and Tiglian. The dominant trigger is believed to be the 41 000 year

Milankovitch cycles Milankovitch cycles describe the collective effects of changes in the Earth's movements on its climate over thousands of years. The term was coined and named after Serbian geophysicist and astronomer Milutin Milanković. In the 1920s, he hypot ...

of axial tilt.Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science
/ref> The Gelasian of Northern Europe has subsequently been subdivided as follows: * Praetiglian (oldest) * Tiglian A * Tiglian B * Tiglian C1 * Tiglian C2 * Tiglian C3 * Tiglian C4(a-c) * Tiglian C5 * Tiglian C6 (youngest)

References

Quaternary Europe Quaternary geochronology Ice ages Pleistocene Geology of the Netherlands {{Glaciology-stub

See also

References