Politburo Standing Committee Of The Communist Party Of China

The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), officially the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Historically it has been composed of five to eleven members, and currently has seven members. Its officially mandated purpose is to conduct policy discussions and make decisions on major issues when the Politburo, a larger decision-making body, is not in session. According to the party's constitution, the General Secretary of the Central Committee must also be a member of the Politburo Standing Committee.

According to the party's Constitution, the party's Central Committee elects the Politburo Standing Committee. In practice, however, this is only a formality. The method by which membership is determined has evolved over time. During the Mao Zedong era, Mao himself selected and expelled members, while during the Deng Xiaoping era consultations among party elders on the Central Advisory Commission determined membership. Since the 1990s, Politburo membership has been determined through deliberations and straw polls by incumbent and retired members of both the Politburo and the Standing Committee.

The PSC is theoretically responsible to the Politburo, which is in turn responsible to the larger Central Committee. In practice, the Standing Committee is supreme over its parent bodies. Additionally, because China is a one-party state, Standing Committee decisions ''de facto'' have the force of law. Its membership is closely watched by both the national media as well as political watchers abroad. Historically, the role of the PSC has varied and evolved. During the Cultural Revolution, for example, the PSC had little power.

The membership of the PSC is strictly ranked in protocol sequence. Historically, the General Secretary (or Party Chairman) has been ranked first; the rankings of other leaders have varied over time. Since the 1990s, the General Secretary, President, Premier, first-ranked Vice Premier, Chairman of the National People's Congress, the Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the party's top anti-graft body, and the first-ranked Secretary of the Secretariat have consistently also been members of the Politburo Standing Committee. The portfolios of additional members varied.

Terminology

The Politburo Standing Committee is technically responsible to the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party. In Chinese political usage, a "Standing Committee" (常务委员会, ''Chángwù Wěiyuánhuì'') simply refers to a body that carries out the day-to-day affairs of its parent organ, in this case, the Politburo. The Politburo, in turn, is a policy making body that is formally responsible to the larger Central Committee, which meets at plenary sessions usually once every year.

"Politburo Standing Committee" is the most commonly used name to refer to the body in English-language media. It is sometimes abbreviated PSC or PBSC (if "Politburo" is written as "Political Bureau"). It can also be referred to informally as simply the "Standing Committee". In its official English-language press releases, Chinese state media refers to the body by its lengthier, formal name, "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CCP Central Committee". In turn, its members are officially referred to as "Members of Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CCP Central Committee". These official forms are rarely used by English-language newspapers outside of mainland China.

In official Chinese-language announcements, the most commonly used name for members of the body is ''Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú Chángwěi'' (中共中央政治局常委); this is an abbreviation of the much lengthier official title of ''Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú Chángwù Wěiyuánhuì Wěiyuán'' (中国共产党中央政治局常务委员会委员). As even the officially abbreviated terminology may still be too lengthy and unwieldy, some media outlets refer to PSC members as ''Zhèngzhìjú Chángwěi'' (政治局常委) or simply ''Chángwěi'' (常委). Do note that without any context, ''Changwei'' may still be an ambiguous term, as provincial and local party committees all have a Standing Committee, the members of this committee can also be known as ''Changwei''.

History

Early history

The first Standing Committee was formed in July 1928, at a meeting of the 6th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Between January 1934 and the 1st plenary session of the 8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in 1956, the Standing Committee was replaced by the Central Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party. During the early history of the Communist Party it was seen as the highest central body that was intended to carry out day-to-day work of the Party's Central Committee. It was composed of the top leadership figures of the larger Political Bureau (i.e., the "Politburo"). Unlike most other Communist parties in the world modeled after the party of Lenin, the CCP formed a Standing Committee because the Politburo (normally the highest organ in a Communist Party) was considered too large and unwieldy to make decisions effectively.

Cultural Revolution

In the early days of the Cultural Revolution, the Politburo Standing Committee ceased normal operations, as many of its key members, such as Chinese President Liu Shaoqi and Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping, fell out of favour with Chairman Mao. Real power was concentrated in the Cultural Revolution Group, which was nominally reporting to the Politburo Standing Committee but in fact was a separate "centre of authority" that acted mostly on its own accord. At the 9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, radical supporters of Mao, Chen Boda, and Kang Sheng, gained seats on the Politburo Standing Committee, and it resumed a somewhat normal functioning. The last years of the Cultural Revolution were dominated by internal chaos. Between 1975 and 1976, PSC members Kang Sheng, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and Mao all died. Deng Xiaoping was purged. During this time the body lost any semblance of a functioning policy-making or executive organ, and it met only on an ad hoc basis. By Mao's death in September 1976, the only members who still attended meetings were Hua Guofeng, Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, and Ye Jianying, with Zhang and Wang being members of the Gang of Four. On 6 October, Hua Guofeng called a PSC meeting ostensibly to discuss Mao's legacy and memorial arrangements, inviting the active PSC members to attend. Wang and Zhang were both arrested at the meeting and accused of "counter-revolutionary crimes". Thereafter, only Ye and Hua continued their official duties. A functioning PSC was not restored until 1977.

After economic reforms

After taking power in 1978, one of the goals of Deng Xiaoping was to strengthen the power of the party and institutionalize bodies such as the Politburo and its Standing Committee. For much of the 1980s, the PSC was restored as the party's supreme decision making body. The Committee was again organized on the basis of democratic centralism, that is, decisions were to be made based on consensus, and, failing that, decisions are taken by majority vote; once a decision is taken the entire body speaks with one voice. However, the PSC competed with retired party elders (organized as the Central Advisory Commission, though they made most of their decisions informally) for influence. Deng Xiaoping himself bridged the two bodies, and his informal clout translated to great political power personally. In 1987, Deng and other party elders ousted then General Secretary Hu Yaobang from the PSC, replacing him with Zhao Ziyang. In 1989, Deng and various party elders ordered the military to intervene in the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests without gaining the consensus of the PSC. Zhao was opposed to declaring martial law and broke with other members of the PSC, notably Premier Li Peng. In the aftermath, Zhao and Hu Qili were removed from the PSC at the Fourth Plenum in 1989, largely by fiat of Deng and the elders rather than institutional procedure, to be replaced by Jiang Zemin and Li Ruihuan.

The operation of the Standing Committee has remained largely stable since Tiananmen in 1989. The 1989 Plenum was the last occasion where a major reshuffle of the PSC occurred. At the 14th Party Congress in 1992, seven people – Jiang, Li Peng, Qiao Shi, Li Ruihuan, Zhu Rongji, Liu Huaqing, and Hu Jintao – were named to the Standing Committee, this arrangement remained unchanged until the regularly scheduled 15th Party Congress in 1997, where Qiao Shi and Liu Huaqing retired and were replaced by Wei Jianxing and Li Lanqing, showing the first signs that the PSC would become a term-based body operating on a fixed schedule. Liu Huaqing was also the last PSC member with a military background. In 1999, Vice President Hu Jintao also became Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, as he was being groomed to succeed Jiang. This was the first time Vice President had occupied the post of Vice Chairman of the CMC.

At the 16th Party Congress held in 2002, the Standing Committee was expanded from seven to nine members. Some political observers speculated that the expansion was done in order to stack the new Standing Committee with loyalists of Jiang Zemin, though this characterization has been disputed. During Hu Jintao's term as General Secretary (2002–2012), the PSC could be understood as a "leadership collective" or a "joint presidency"; that is, essentially a body operating on consensus that executes powers normally granted to a single officeholder. The 16th Party Congress also saw Li Changchun gain a seat on the PSC without a formally defined portfolio, though he was widely considered to be the "propaganda chief". Huang Ju died in June 2007, becoming the first sitting PSC member to die in office since 1976. His vacancy was not filled ostensibly because it was only a few months preceding a Party Congress, making the body operate temporarily with an eight-member structure. The 17th Party Congress maintained roughly the same structure as the 16th.

At the 18th Party Congress held in 2012, membership of the PSC was yet again reduced to seven members. The head of the Political and Legal Affairs Commission did not feature in the new Standing Committee, neither did the Vice-President. The positions of executive secretary of the Secretariat and that of "propaganda chief" were consolidated into one person, Liu Yunshan.

Contemporary selection method and considerations

Selection of members is believed to be largely the result of high-level deliberations among incumbent members of the party's Politburo and PSC as well as retired PSC members. Prospective candidates for membership in the PSC typically rely on individual members of this high level group to act as their patrons. The current and former Politburo members conduct several rounds of deliberations interspersed with a series of straw polls to determine their support for the candidacy of new Politburo and PSC members. These straw polls are not binding and instead reflect the evolving consensus of the group on a new member's candidacy. The Politburo may also conduct a straw poll of all incumbent Central Committee members on the candidacy of new Politburo and PSC members, but this poll is only consultative. The process of selecting the new Politburo and PSC begins with a closed door session of the incumbent PSC at Beidaihe in the last summer before the Party Congress convenes in the fall. The list of Politburo and PSC candidates for the Central Committee to formally confirm is usually complete several weeks before the Party Congress.

According to informed academic observers such as Cheng Li, a scholar at Brookings Institution, and Susan Shirk of the Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, rise in the Chinese political system and selection to the Standing Committee depends more on loyalty to powerful patrons than on ability. It was widely believed, for example, that the Standing Committee line-up of the 16th Party Congress included several members who were elevated based on their relationship with outgoing General Secretary Jiang Zemin, including, most notably, Zeng Qinghong, Huang Ju, and Jia Qinglin. Much has been written on the divide between Princelings and the ''Tuanpai'' ( Youth League faction) between the 16th and 18th Congresses, though it is not precisely known to what extent factional identity played in the selection of PSC members.

Seniority also played an important role. It was established convention that a member of the PSC must have served for at least one term on the Politburo prior to entry to the PSC. However, this "rule" had been broken several times by those destined for party leader or the premiership, most notably with Zhu Rongji and Hu Jintao in 1992, and Li Keqiang and Xi Jinping in 2007. Jiang Zemin was also in the middle of serving out his first term on the Politburo before he was suddenly made General Secretary and thus a member of the PSC in 1989.

Since the late 1990s, nearly all PSC members have experience as a party chief of a province or a direct-controlled municipality. Of the 29 Standing Committee members inaugurated to the body since 1997, only six individuals have not held regional party chief positions: Li Peng, Wen Jiabao, Li Lanqing, Luo Gan, Liu Yunshan, Wang Huning, and Ding Xuexiang; of these, only three – Li Peng, Wen Jiabao, and Wang Huning have never served in a regional leadership role.

Age is also key. For instance, since 1989, all Standing Committee members have been at least 50 years old at the time of their appointment. Hu Jintao was 50 upon his appointment to the PSC at the 14th Party Congress in 1992. Xi Jinping was 54 and Li Keqiang was 52 at their appointment to the PSC at the 17th Party Congress in 2007. At the same time, since the 16th Party Congress in 2002, PSC members who were 68 or older at the time of a Party Congress have retired without exception. This has been known as the rule of ''qi-shang, ba-xia'' (七上八下; lit. "seven up, eight down"), referring to the fact that if a PSC member is 68 or older at the time of a party congress, he must retire, but if he is 67 or younger, he may still enter the committee. Recently, however, doubt has been cast over this "rule". A senior party cadre named Deng Maosheng, in a statement to state-run news agency Xinhua in October 2016, stated that "The strict boundaries of 'seven up, eight down' don’t exist. This is something from folklore, and cannot be trusted."

In 2002, apart from Hu Jintao, the entire PSC retired and was replaced. Strict age-based retirement instituted in the CCP meant ''de facto'' term limits and relatively high turnover, with the vast majority of members serving for one or two terms. Since 1989, the only PSC member to have served more than three terms on the body was Hu Jintao, who served for four terms between 1992 and 2012. Policy views of ambitious aspirants are routinely concealed in order to gain the broadest level of consensus, with Hu Jintao being a prime example. Various theories have been proposed, mostly by academic outside of mainland China, to discern the 'factions' within a Standing Committee (often between "conservatives" and "reformers"), though in practice due to its opaque operations, faction membership has never been a hard-and-fast rule. Overly showy or high-profile 'campaigning' for the PSC, such as the actions of former Chongqing party secretary Bo Xilai, were considered detrimental to PSC selection.

Current members (in order)

On 23 October 2022, the 20th PSC was elected. Four of the previous PSC members retired. Xi Jinping, Zhao Leji, and Wang Huning retained their seats.

Historical membership and rankings

The following is a list of the historical composition of the Standing Committee since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, listed by official ranking protocol. Those ranked first have held the title of Chairman or General Secretary of the Communist Party. The remaining ranks vary.

* 8th PSC (elected September 1956): Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun, Lin Biao (X), Deng Xiaoping
* 8th PSC (Cultural Revolution re-shuffle, elected August 1966): Mao, Lin Biao (X), Zhou Enlai, Tao Zhu, Chen Boda (X), Deng Xiaoping, Kang Sheng (X), Liu Shaoqi (R), Zhu De, Li Fuchun, Chen Yun
* 9th PSC (elected April 1969): Mao, Lin Biao (D, X), Zhou Enlai, Chen Boda (X), Kang Sheng (X)
* 10th PSC (elected August 1973): Mao (D), Hua Guofeng (elevated April 1976), Zhou Enlai (D), Wang Hongwen (X), Kang Sheng (D, X), Ye Jianying, Li Desheng, Zhu De (D), Zhang Chunqiao (X), Dong Biwu (D), Deng Xiaoping (elected January 1975)
* 11th PSC (elected August 1977): Hua Guofeng, Ye Jianying, Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian, Wang Dongxing (resigned February 1980), Chen Yun, Hu Yaobang, Zhao Ziyang (elected February 1980)
* 12th PSC (elected September 1982): Hu Yaobang (removed January 1987), Ye Jianying (resigned September 1985), Deng Xiaoping, Zhao Ziyang, Li Xiannian, Chen Yun
* 13th PSC (elected November 1987): Zhao Ziyang, Li Peng, Qiao Shi, Hu Qili, Yao Yilin
* 13th PSC (Post-Tiananmen re-shuffle, elected June 1989): Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Qiao Shi, Yao Yilin, Song Ping, Li Ruihuan
*14th PSC (elected October 1992): Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Qiao Shi, Li Ruihuan, Zhu Rongji, Liu Huaqing, Hu Jintao
* 15th PSC (elected September 1997): Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Zhu Rongji, Li Ruihuan, Hu Jintao, Wei Jianxing, Li Lanqing
* 16th PSC (elected November 2002): Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Zeng Qinghong, Huang Ju (D), Wu Guanzheng, Li Changchun, Luo Gan
* 17th PSC (elected October 2007): Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang, Zhou Yongkang (X)
* 18th PSC (elected November 2012): Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, Zhang Dejiang, Yu Zhengsheng, Liu Yunshan, Wang Qishan, Zhang Gaoli
* 19th PSC (elected October 2017): Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, Li Zhanshu, Wang Yang, Wang Huning, Zhao Leji, Han Zheng
* 20th PSC (elected October 2022): Xi Jinping, Li Qiang, Zhao Leji, Wang Huning, Cai Qi, Ding Xuexiang, Li Xi

Notes:
* (D): Died in office.
* (X): Expelled from party (including posthumously)
* (R): Expelled from the party, then rehabilitated

ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:11
PlotArea = top:30 bottom:50 right:140 left:20
AlignBars = late

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/10/1949 till:01/01/2030
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1950

Colors =
Id:pl value:rgb(1,0,0) legend: Paramount_leader
Id:premier value:rgb(0,1,0) legend: Premier
Id:full value:rgb(0,0,1) legend: Standing_Committee
Id:time value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.9)

Legend = orientation:vertical position:right

Define $prc = 01/10/1949
Define $nc08 = 27/09/1956
Define $nc08a = 12/08/1966
Define $nc09 = 24/04/1969
Define $nc10 = 28/08/1973
Define $nc11 = 18/08/1977
Define $nc12 = 11/09/1982
Define $nc13 = 01/11/1987
Define $nc13a = 24/06/1989
Define $nc14 = 18/10/1992
Define $nc15 = 18/09/1997
Define $nc16 = 14/11/2002
Define $nc17 = 21/10/2007
Define $nc18 = 14/11/2012
Define $nc19 = 24/10/2017
Define $nc20 = 22/10/2022
Define $now = 01/01/2023

LineData =
layer:back
width:0.1
color:time
at:$nc08
at:$nc09
at:$nc10
at:$nc11
at:$nc12
at:$nc13
at:$nc14
at:$nc15
at:$nc16
at:$nc17
at:$nc18
at:$nc19
at:$nc20

TextData =
fontsize:8
tabs:(0-right)

BarData =
barset:PM
bar:psc0
bar:psc1
bar:spacer00
bar:maozedong
bar:liushaoqi
bar:zhouenlai
bar:zhude
bar:renbishi
bar:chenyun
bar:dengxiaoping
bar:linbiao
bar:taozhu
bar:chenboda
bar:kangsheng
bar:lifuchun
bar:wanghongwen
bar:yejianying
bar:lidesheng
bar:dongbiwu
bar:zhangchunqiao
bar:huaguofeng
bar:lixiannian
bar:wangdongxing
bar:huyaobang
bar:zhaoziyang
bar:lipeng
bar:qiaoshi
bar:huqili
bar:yaoyilin
bar:jiangzemin
bar:songping
bar:liruihuan
bar:zhurongji
bar:liuhuaqing
bar:hujintao
bar:weijianxing
bar:lilanqing
bar:wubangguo
bar:wenjiabao
bar:jiaqinglin
bar:zengqinghong
bar:huangju
bar:wuguanzheng
bar:lichangchun
bar:luogan
bar:xijinping
bar:likeqiang
bar:heguoqiang
bar:zhouyongkang
bar:zhangdejiang
bar:yuzhengsheng
bar:liuyunshan
bar:wangqishan
bar:zhanggaoli
bar:lizhanshu
bar:wangyang
bar:wanghuning
bar:zhaoleji
bar:hanzheng
bar:liqiang
bar:caiqi
bar:dingxuexiang
bar:lixi

PlotData=
width:6 align:left fontsize:9 shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
barset:PM

bar:psc0 from: $nc08 till: $nc08 color:time text:" 8th"
bar:psc1 from: $nc08 till: $nc08 color:time text:"PSC"
bar:psc0 from: $nc09 till: $nc09 color:time text:" 9th"
bar:psc1 from: $nc09 till: $nc09 color:time text:"PSC"
bar:psc0 from: $nc10 till: $nc10 color:time text:"10th"
bar:psc1 from: $nc10 till: $nc10 color:time text:"PSC"
bar:psc0 from: $nc11 till: $nc11 color:time text:"11th"
bar:psc1 from: $nc11 till: $nc11 color:time text:"PSC"
bar:psc0 from: $nc12 till: $nc12 color:time text:" 12th"
bar:psc1 from: $nc12 till: $nc12 color:time text:"PSC"
bar:psc0 from: $nc13 till: $nc13 color:time text:" 13th"
bar:psc1 from: $nc13 till: $nc13 color:time text:"PSC"
bar:psc0 from: $nc14 till: $nc14 color:time text:" 14th"
bar:psc1 from: $nc14 till: $nc14 color:time text:"PSC"
bar:psc0 from: $nc15 till: $nc15 color:time text:" 15th"
bar:psc1 from: $nc15 till: $nc15 color:time text:"PSC"
bar:psc0 from: $nc16 till: $nc16 color:time text:" 16th"
bar:psc1 from: $nc16 till: $nc16 color:time text:"PSC"
bar:psc0 from: $nc17 till: $nc17 color:time text:" 17th"
bar:psc1 from: $nc17 till: $nc17 color:time text:"PSC"
bar:psc0 from: $nc18 till: $nc18 color:time text:"18th"
bar:psc1 from: $nc18 till: $nc18 color:time text:"PSC"
bar:psc0 from: $nc19 till: $nc19 color:time text:"19th"
bar:psc1 from: $nc19 till: $nc19 color:time text:"PSC"
bar:psc0 from: $nc20 till: $nc20 color:time text:"20th"
bar:psc1 from: $nc20 till: $nc20 color:time text:"PSC"
bar:maozedong from: $prc till: 09/09/1976 color:full
bar:maozedong from: 01/10/1949 till: 09/09/1976 color:pl text:"Mao Zedong"
bar:liushaoqi from: $prc till: 31/10/1968 color:full text:"Liu Shaoqi"
bar:zhouenlai from: $prc till: 08/01/1976 color:full
bar:zhouenlai from: 01/10/1949 till: 08/01/1976 color:premier text:"Zhou Enlai"
bar:zhude from: $prc till: $nc09 color:full
bar:zhude from: $nc10 till: 06/07/1976 color:full text:"Zhu De"
bar:renbishi from: $prc till: 27/10/1950 color:full text:" Ren Bishi"
bar:chenyun from: 27/10/1950 till: $nc09 color:full
bar:chenyun from: $nc11 till: $nc13 color:full text:"Chen Yun"
bar:dengxiaoping from: $nc08 till: 31/08/1968 color:full
bar:dengxiaoping from: 01/01/1975 till: 01/04/1976 color:full
bar:dengxiaoping from: 01/07/1977 till: $nc13 color:full
bar:dengxiaoping from: 22/12/1978 till: 09/11/1989 color:pl text:"Deng Xiaoping"
bar:linbiao from: 25/05/1958 till: 13/09/1971 color:full text:"Lin Biao"
bar:taozhu from: $nc08a till: 04/01/1967 color:full text:"Tao Zhu"
bar:chenboda from: $nc08a till: 31/08/1970 color:full text:" Chen Boda"
bar:kangsheng from: $nc08a till: 16/12/1975 color:full text:"Kang Sheng"
bar:lifuchun from: $nc08a till: 31/08/1968 color:full text:"Li Fuchun"
bar:wanghongwen from: $nc10 till: 06/10/1976 color:full text:"Wang Hongwen"
bar:yejianying from: $nc10 till: 01/09/1985 color:full text:"Ye Jianying"
bar:lidesheng from: $nc10 till: 01/01/1975 color:full text:"Li Desheng"
bar:dongbiwu from: $nc10 till: 02/04/1975 color:full text:"Dong Biwu"
bar:zhangchunqiao from: $nc10 till: 06/10/1976 color:full text:"Zhang Chunqiao"
bar:huaguofeng from: 07/04/1976 till: $nc12 color:full text:"Hua Guofeng"
bar:huaguofeng from: 07/04/1976 till: 10/09/1980 color:premier
bar:huaguofeng from: 09/09/1976 till: 22/12/1978 color:pl
bar:lixiannian from: $nc11 till: $nc13 color:full text:"Li Xiannian"
bar:wangdongxing from: $nc11 till: 01/01/1980 color:full text:"Wang Dongxing"
bar:huyaobang from: 29/02/1980 till: $nc13 color:full text:"Hu Yaobang"
bar:zhaoziyang from: 10/09/1980 till: $nc13a color:full text:"Zhao Ziyang"
bar:zhaoziyang from: 10/09/1980 till: 24/11/1987 color:premier
bar:lipeng from: $nc13 till: $nc16 color:full text:"Li Peng"
bar:lipeng from: 24/11/1987 till: 17/03/1998 color:premier
bar:qiaoshi from: $nc13 till: $nc16 color:full text:"Qiao Shi"
bar:huqili from: $nc13 till: $nc13a color:full text:"Hu Qili"
bar:yaoyilin from: $nc13 till: $nc14 color:full text:" Yao Yilin"
bar:jiangzemin from: $nc13a till: $nc16 color:full
bar:jiangzemin from: 09/11/1989 till: 19/09/2004 color:pl text:"Jiang Zemin"
bar:songping from: $nc13a till: $nc14 color:full text:"Song Ping"
bar:liruihuan from: $nc13a till: $nc16 color:full text:"Li Ruihuan"
bar:zhurongji from: $nc14 till: $nc16 color:full
bar:zhurongji from: 17/03/1998 till: 19/09/2004 color:premier text:" Zhu Rongji"
bar:liuhuaqing from: $nc14 till: $nc15 color:full text:"Liu Huaqing"
bar:hujintao from: $nc14 till: $nc18 color:full
bar:hujintao from: 19/09/2004 till: 15/11/2012 color:pl text:"Hu Jintao"
bar:weijianxing from: $nc15 till: $nc16 color:full text:" Wei Jianxing"
bar:lilanqing from: $nc15 till: $nc16 color:full text:"Li Lanqing"
bar:wubangguo from: $nc16 till: $nc18 color:full text:"Wu Bangguo"
bar:wenjiabao from: $nc16 till: $nc18 color:full
bar:wenjiabao from: 19/09/2004 till: 15/03/2013 color:premier text:"Wen Jiabao"
bar:jiaqinglin from: $nc16 till: $nc18 color:full text:"Jia Qinglin"
bar:zengqinghong from: $nc16 till: $nc17 color:full text:"Zeng Qinghong"
bar:huangju from: $nc16 till: 02/06/2007 color:full text:"Huang Ju"
bar:wuguanzheng from: $nc16 till: $nc17 color:full text:"Wu Guanzheng"
bar:lichangchun from: $nc16 till: $nc18 color:full text:"Li Changchun"
bar:luogan from: $nc16 till: $nc17 color:full text:"Luo Gan"
bar:xijinping from: $nc17 till: $now color:full
bar:xijinping from: 15/11/2012 till: $now color:pl text:"Xi Jinping"
bar:likeqiang from: $nc17 till: $nc20 color:full
bar:likeqiang from: 15/03/2013 till: $nc20 color:premier text:"Li Keqiang"
bar:heguoqiang from: $nc17 till: $nc18 color:full text:"He Guoqiang"
bar:zhouyongkang from: $nc17 till: $nc18 color:full text:"Zhou Yongkang"
bar:zhangdejiang from: $nc18 till: $nc19 color:full text:"Zhang Dejiang"
bar:yuzhengsheng from: $nc18 till: $nc19 color:full text:" Yu Zhengsheng"
bar:liuyunshan from: $nc18 till: $nc19 color:full text:"Liu Yunshan"
bar:wangqishan from: $nc18 till: $nc19 color:full text:"Wang Qishan"
bar:zhanggaoli from: $nc18 till: $nc19 color:full text:" Zhang Gaoli"
bar:lizhanshu from: $nc19 till: $nc20 color:full text:"Li Zhanshu"
bar:wangyang from: $nc19 till: $nc20 color:full text:" Wang Yang"
bar:wanghuning from: $nc19 till: $now color:full text:"Wang Huning"
bar:zhaoleji from: $nc19 till: $now color:full text:"Zhao Leji"
bar:hanzheng from: $nc19 till: $nc20 color:full text:"Han Zheng"
bar:liqiang from: $nc20 till: $now color:full text:"Li Qiang"
bar:caiqi from: $nc20 till: $now color:full text:"Cai Qi"
bar:dingxuexiang from: $nc20 till: $now color:full text:" Ding Xuexiang"
bar:lixi from: $nc20 till: $now color:full text:" Li Xi"

Notes

References

See also

* Historical membership of the Politburo Standing Committee (includes list of all Standing Committee members throughout history)
* Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
* Political position ranking of the People's Republic of China
* Politics of the People's Republic of China

{{CPC Party Organs

Standing Committee
China, Politburo of the Communist Party
Politburo
1928 establishments in China