Pleograph ( pl, Pleograf) was an early type of

movie camera A movie camera (also known as a film camera and cine-camera) is a type of photographic camera that rapidly takes a sequence of photographs, either on an image sensor or onto film stock, in order to produce a moving image to project onto a movie sc ...

constructed in 1894, before those made by the

Lumière brothers Lumière is French for 'light'. Lumiere, Lumière or Lumieres may refer to: * Lumières, the philosophical movement in the Age of Enlightenment People *Auguste and Louis Lumière, French pioneers in film-making Film and TV * Institut Lumière, ...

,Maciej Iłowiecki, "Dzieje nauki polskiej", Wydawnictwo Interpress, Warszawa 1981, , p.202 (Polish). by Polish inventor

Kazimierz Prószyński Kazimierz Prószyński (4 April 1875 – 13 March 1945) was a Polish inventor active in the field of cinematography. He patented his first film camera, called Pleograph, before the Lumière brothers, and later went on to improve the cinema pr ...

Similarly to the Lumière brothers cinematograph, Prószyński's pleograph has also been used as a projector. The apparatus used a rectangle of

celluloid Celluloids are a class of materials produced by mixing nitrocellulose and camphor, often with added dyes and other agents. Once much more common for its use as photographic film before the advent of safer methods, celluloid's common contemporary ...

with perforation between several parallel rows of images. Using improved pleograph Prószyński shot first short films showing scenes from the life of

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...

like people skating on in the park ("''Ślizgawka w Ogrodzie Saskim''" (Rink in Saxon Garden) - 1902). Prószyński later constructed the first hand held camera called an Aeroscope, the first compressed air camera.

Studio named after it

The first Polish film studio established in

in 1901 was named after this camera in its

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...

spelling.

Bibliography

* Alfred Liebfeld "Polacy na szlakach techniki" WKŁ, Warszawa 1966

References

History of film Polish inventions Science and technology in Poland {{film-tech-stub