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Platon Hryhorovych Kostiuk ( uk, Платон Григорович Костюк) (20 August 1924 – 10 May 2010) was a Soviet and
Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...
physiologist, neurobiologist, electrophysiologist, and biophysicist. He was a member (academician) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine and the
Russian Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across ...
. He was also a director of the
Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine (BIPH) is a scientific institution dedicated to biomedical research in the fields of physiology, biophysics, pathophysiology, neuroscience. It is a leading research center in Ukraine for neurosci ...
and the
International Center of Molecular Physiology International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The T ...
NAS of Ukraine; chair of the
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT; russian: Московский Физико-Технический институт, also known as PhysTech), is a public research university located in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It prepares speciali ...
, Kyiv branch, vice-president of the NAS of Ukraine, and chairman of the
Verkhovna Rada The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ( uk, Верхо́вна Ра́да Украї́ни, translit=, Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy, translation=Supreme Council of Ukraine, Ukrainian abbreviation ''ВРУ''), often simply Verkhovna Rada or just Rada, is the ...
of the
Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...
.


Biography

Platon Kostiuk was born in
Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kyi ...
to the family of the Ukrainian psychologist
Hryhoriy Kostiuk Hryhoriy ( uk, Григо́рій, Hryhórij ), sometimes Hryhory, may refer to: *Hryhory Alchevsky (1866–1920), prominent Ukrainian and minor Russian composer *Hryhoriy Baranets (born 1986), professional Ukrainian football midfielder *Hryhory B ...
. A native speaker of both
Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...
and
Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
, Kostiuk studied
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
and
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...
, and graduated from high school when the German–Russian War began in 1941. Kostiuk entered Stalingrad University to study biology and Roman philology. He was later evacuated to Siberia, where he studied medicine till 1945. After half a year of military medical service, he was demobilized for entry into the Department of Biology at
Kyiv University Kyiv University or Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv ( uk, Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка), colloquially known as KNU ...
. In parallel, he studied psychiatry at
Kyiv Medical Institute Bogomolets National Medical University (NMU) is a medical school founded in 1841 in Kyiv, Russian Empire by the Russian Tsar Nicolas I. The university is named after physiologist Alexander A. Bogomolets. NMU provides medical training for over 10 ...
. Kostiuk worked on his doctoral thesis in Danylo Vorontsov's laboratory of physiology. In his research, he developed
microelectrode A microelectrode is an electrode used in electrophysiology either for recording neural signals or for the electrical stimulation of nervous tissue (they were first developed by Ida Hyde in 1921). Pulled glass pipettes with tip diameters of 0. ...
equipment independently of
Judith Graham Pool Judith Ethel Graham Pool (June 1, 1919 — July 13, 1975) was an American scientist. She is best known for the discovery of cryoprecipitation, a process for creating concentrated blood clotting factors which significantly improved the quality of ...
and Ralph W. Gerard (1949). He completed his doctoral thesis in 1957. In 1958, Kostiuk became Head of the Department of General Nervous System Physiology at the
Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine (BIPH) is a scientific institution dedicated to biomedical research in the fields of physiology, biophysics, pathophysiology, neuroscience. It is a leading research center in Ukraine for neurosci ...
. From 1969 to 2010, he served as the director of the institute. In 1960–61, Kostiuk was invited to John Eccles' Laboratory in Canberra, Australia to study the mechanisms of synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord. In 1974, he was elected a member (academician) of the Soviet Academy of Science. In 1975–1988, he was the academician-secretary of the Section of Physiology of the academy. In 1975–1990, he was also a deputy in the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR and in 1985–90 was its chairman.


Research

Platon Kostiuk was the first to introduce microelectrode studies of the nervous system in the USSR. He was the first to prove directly the presence of calcium channels in neuronal cell membranes. Under his supervision, two types of calcium currents were discovered: high-voltage activated and low-voltage activated. He also proposed an original hypothesis on calcium channels' selectivity mechanism.


Awards and chairs

Kostiuk was a vice-president of the International Union for Physiologycal Sciences from 1989 to 1993. In 1966, he was elected a Member of the
German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (german: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften), short Leopoldina, is the national academy of Germany, and is located in Halle (Saale). Founded ...
.


In memoriam

Kostiuk students established Kostiuk Foundation to support young scientists and promote physiological research in Ukraine. Once a year, the Foundation presents Kostiuk Award to outstanding young researchers in the field of biomedical sciences.Kostyuk Foundation
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Publications

He published more than 1000 scientific papers in Ukrainian, Russian, and English. Some of the most important include: * * * *


References


External links


Platon Kostiuk on a NeuroTree

Platon Kostiuk on a Chemistry Tree

Helmut Kettenmann. Platon Gregorievich Kostiuk (1924-2010) in memoriam. FENS News, 17 May, 2010
* --> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kostiuk, Platon 1924 births 2010 deaths 20th-century Ukrainian scientists 21st-century Ukrainian politicians 21st-century Ukrainian scientists Scientists from Kyiv People from Kiev Governorate Bogomolets National Medical University alumni Full Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Members of Academia Europaea Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina Academic staff of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni Chairmen of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Ninth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Tenth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Eleventh convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Heroes of Socialist Labour Recipients of the title of Hero of Ukraine Laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology Recipients of the Order of Lenin Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 5th class Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Recipients of the USSR State Prize Soviet biologists Soviet neuroscientists Soviet physiologists Ukrainian biologists Ukrainian neuroscientists Ukrainian physiologists Ukrainian politicians before 1991 Burials at Baikove Cemetery