The Pisidian language is a member of the extinct Anatolian branch of the

Indo-European language family The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent. Some European languages of this family, English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Du ...

spoken in Pisidia, a region of ancient

Asia Minor Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

. Known from some fifty short inscriptions from the first to second centuries CE, it appears to be closely related to Lycian,

Milyan Milyan, also known as Lycian B and previously Lycian 2, is an extinct ancient Anatolian language. It is attested from three inscriptions: two poems of 34 and 71 engraved lines, respectively, on the so-called Xanthian stele (or Xanthian ...

, and Sidetic.

Sources

Pisidian is known from about fifty funeral inscriptions, most of them from Sofular (classical Tymbrias). The first were discovered in 1890; five years later sixteen of them were published and analyzed by Scottish archaeologist

William Mitchell Ramsay Sir William Mitchell Ramsay, FBA (15 March 185120 April 1939) was a Scottish archaeologist and New Testament scholar. By his death in 1939 he had become the foremost authority of his day on the history of Asia Minor and a leading scholar in th ...

. The texts are basically of a genealogical character (strings of names) and are usually accompanied by a relief picturing the deceased. Recently inscriptions have also been found at Selge, Kesme (near Yeşilbağ), and Deḡirmenözü. Four inscriptions from the Kesme region seem to offer regular text, not merely names. By far the longest of them consists of thirteen lines.

Pisidian script

Pisidian is written left to right in a script that closely resembles the

Greek alphabet The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BCE. It is derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, and was the earliest known alphabetic script to have distinct letters for vowels as ...

. A few letters are missing (phi, chi, psi, and possibly theta), and two others were added (characters F and И, both denoting a /w/- or /v/-sound). In recently discovered inscriptions two new signs 𐋌 and ╪ have turned up; they are rare and it is not clear whether they are variants of other signs or entirely different characters (maybe rare sibilants). Texts are written without word dividers. A typical example (the accompanying relief shows two men and a veiled woman): : ΔΩΤΑΡΙΜΟΣΗΤΩΣΕΙΗΔΩΤ / ΡΙΣΔΩΤΑΡΙΕΝΕΙΣ : Δωταρι Μοσητωσ Ειη Δωτ<α>ρισ Δωταρι Ενεισ : 'Here lie''''Dotari,'' 'son''''of Moseto; Eie'' 'daughter''''of Dotari;'' 'and''''Dotari'' 'son''''of Enei.'' Alternatively, the end of the line may (with a different word division) be read as Δωταριε Νεισ, with dative Dotarie, meaning (...) ''to Dotari'' 'the son''''of Nei''. In addition, Ειη may also be a dative (= Ειε-ε). The whole line would then mean: : ''Dotari,'' 'son''''of Moseto,'' 'has made this tomb''''for Eie'' 'daughter''''of Dotari'' 'and''''for Dotari'' 'son''''of Enei.''

Grammar

Due to the one-sided character of the inscriptions, little is known about the grammar. Two cases are assured:

nominative In grammar, the nominative case ( abbreviated ), subjective case, straight case or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb or (in Latin and formal variants of Eng ...

and

genitive In grammar, the genitive case ( abbreviated ) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun. A genitive can a ...

; the presence of a

dative In grammar, the dative case ( abbreviated , or sometimes when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action, as in "Maria Jacobo potum dedit", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob ...

is disputed: About the verb nothing can be said: Pisidian verbal forms have not yet been found.

Vocabulary

Pisidian personal name Δωτάρι ''Dotari'' may reflect the Indo-European root for "daughter". However, as Dotari is documented as a man's name this etymology is not assured.

References

Bibliography

External links

Pisidic language
Indo-European Database * * Anatolian languages Extinct languages of Asia Pisidia {{AncientNearEast-stub