Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (; 27 September 1827 – 4 November 1893) was a French politician.

Biography

He was born to French parents in

Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situa ...

, Switzerland. After studying in his native town, Tirard became a civil engineer. After five years of government service he resigned to become a jewel merchant. His determined opposition to the empire, culminating in 1869 in a campaign in favour of the radical candidate opposed to Ollivier, was rewarded by his election as mayor of the 11th arrondissement of Paris and as deputy for the Seine. Nominated a member of the Commune, he protested against the tyranny of the central committee, and escaped from Paris to resume his place among the extreme Left in the National Assembly at

Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 1995 has been managed, ...

. In 1876 he was returned for the 1st ''arrondissement'' of Paris to the Chamber of Deputies, and was re-elected next year. He specially devoted himself to finance, being for a short time president of the customs commission before his appointment as minister of agriculture and commerce in March 1879 in the Waddington cabinet. He held the same portfolio in the first Freycinet ministry (1879–1880) and in the

Jules Ferry Jules François Camille Ferry (; 5 April 183217 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican philosopher. He was one of the leaders of the Moderate Republicans and served as Prime Minister of France from 1880 to 1881 and 1883 to 1885. He ...

cabinet (1880–1881). He was minister of commerce in Freycinet's second cabinet (1882), of finance under E Duclerc (1882–1883), and under A Fallières (1883), retaining the same office in the second

ministry (1883–1885). When Carnot became president of the Republic in 1887 he asked Tirard to form a ministry. He had to deal with the Wilson scandal which had led to President

Jules Grévy François Judith Paul Grévy (15 August 1807 – 9 September 1891), known as Jules Grévy (), was a French lawyer and politician who served as President of France from 1879 to 1887. He was a leader of the Moderate Republicans, and given that hi ...

's downfall, and with the revisionist agitation of General Boulanger. His refusal to proceed to the revision of the constitution of 1875 led to his defeat on 30 March 1888. He returned to power next year, and decided to bring Boulanger and his chief supporters before the High Court, but the general's flight effectively settled the question. He also arrested Philippe, Duke of Orleans, who had visited France in disguise. He resigned office on 15 March 1890 on the question of the Franco-Turkish commercial treaty. He replaced Maurice Rouvier in

Alexandre Ribot Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot (; 7 February 184213 January 1923) was a French politician, four times Prime Minister. Early career Ribot was born in Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais. After a brilliant academic career at the University of Paris, where h ...

's cabinet (1892–1893) as minister of finance, and died in Paris.

Tirard’s 1st Ministry, 12 December 1887 – 3 April 1888

*Pierre Tirard – President of the Council and Minister of Finance * Émile Flourens – Minister of Foreign Affairs * François Auguste Logerot – Minister of War * Ferdinand Sarrien – Minister of the Interior *

Armand Fallières Clément Armand Fallières (; 6 November 1841 – 22 June 1931) was a French statesman who was President of France from 1906 to 1913. He was born at Mézin in the ''département'' of Lot-et-Garonne, France, where his father was clerk of ...

– Minister of Justice * François de Mahy – Minister of Marine and Colonies * Leopold Faye – Minister of Public Instruction, Fine Arts, and Worship * Jules Viette – Minister of Agriculture *

Émile Loubet Émile François Loubet (; 30 December 183820 December 1929) was the 45th Prime Minister of France from February to December 1892 and later President of France from 1899 to 1906. Trained in law, he became mayor of Montélimar, where he was not ...

– Minister of Public Works * Lucien Dautresme – Minister of Commerce and Industry Changes *5 January 1888 – Jules François Émile Krantz succeeds Mahy as Minister of Marine and Colonies

Tirard’s 2nd Ministry, 22 February 1889 – 17 March 1890

*Pierre Tirard – President of the Council and Minister of Commerce and Industry * Eugène Spuller – Minister of Foreign Affairs *

Charles de Freycinet Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (; 14 November 1828 – 14 May 1923) was a French statesman and four times Prime Minister during the Third Republic. He also served an important term as Minister of War (1888–1893). He belonged to the Opp ...

– Minister of War * Ernest Constans – Minister of the Interior * Maurice Rouvier – Minister of Finance * François Thévenet – Minister of Justice and Worship * Benjamin Jaurès – Minister of Marine and Colonies. *

– Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts * Léopold Faye – Minister of Agriculture * Yves Guyot – Minister of Public Works Changes *14 March 1889 – Jules François Émile Krantz succeeds Jaurès as Minister of Marine. Premier Tirard becomes Minister of the Colonies, in addition to Minister of Commerce and Industry. *10 November 1889 – Édouard Barbey succeeds Krantz as Minister of Marine. *1 March 1890 – Léon Bourgeois succeeds Constans as Minister of the Interior

References

;Attribution * {{DEFAULTSORT:Tirard, Pierre 1827 births 1893 deaths Politicians from Geneva Republican Union (France) politicians Prime Ministers of France French Ministers of Commerce and Industry French Ministers of Agriculture and Commerce French Ministers of Commerce French Ministers of Finance Members of the National Assembly (1871) Members of the 1st Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 2nd Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 3rd Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic French life senators Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery