Piazza della Signoria () is a w-shaped square in front of the
Palazzo Vecchio in
Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany Regions of Italy, region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilan ...
,
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
. It was named after the Palazzo della Signoria, also called Palazzo Vecchio. It is the main point of the origin and history of the
Florentine Republic and still maintains its reputation as the political focus of the city. It is the meeting place of Florentines as well as the numerous tourists, located near
Palazzo Vecchio and
Piazza del Duomo and gateway to
Uffizi Gallery.
Buildings
The impressive 14th-century
Palazzo Vecchio is still preeminent with its
crenellated
A battlement in defensive architecture, such as that of city walls or castles, comprises a parapet (i.e., a defensive low wall between chest-height and head-height), in which gaps or indentations, which are often rectangular, occur at interva ...
tower. The square is also shared with the
Loggia della Signoria, the
Uffizi Gallery, the
Palace of the Tribunale della Mercanzia (1359) (now the Bureau of Agriculture), and the
Palazzo Uguccioni (1550, with a facade attributed to
Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael (; or ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual a ...
, who however died thirty years before its construction). Located in front of the Palazzo Vecchio is the
Palace of the Assicurazioni Generali (1871, built in Renaissance style).
Palazzo Vecchio
The
Palazzo Vecchio ("Old Palace") is the
town hall of the city. This massive,
Romanesque,
crenellated
A battlement in defensive architecture, such as that of city walls or castles, comprises a parapet (i.e., a defensive low wall between chest-height and head-height), in which gaps or indentations, which are often rectangular, occur at interva ...
fortress-palace is among the most impressive town halls of
Tuscany
it, Toscano (man) it, Toscana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Citizenship
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_title1 = Italian
, demogra ...
. Overlooking the square with its copy of
Michelangelo's David statue as well the gallery of statues in the adjacent
Loggia dei Lanzi
The Loggia dei Lanzi, also called the Loggia della Signoria, is a building on a corner of the Piazza della Signoria in Florence, Italy, adjoining the Uffizi Gallery. It consists of wide arches open to the street. The arches rest on clustered pi ...
, it is one of the most significant private places in Italy, and it hosts cultural points and museums.
Originally called the ''Palazzo della Signoria'', after the
Signoria of Florence
The Signoria of Florence (Italian: "lordship") was the government of the medieval and Renaissance Republic of Florence, between 1250 and 1532. Its nine members, the ''Priori'', were chosen from the ranks of the guilds of the city: six of them f ...
, the ruling body of the
Republic of Florence
The Republic of Florence, officially the Florentine Republic ( it, Repubblica Fiorentina, , or ), was a medieval and early modern state that was centered on the Italian city of Florence in Tuscany. The republic originated in 1115, when the Flo ...
, it was also given several other names: ''Palazzo del Popolo'', ''Palazzo dei Priori'', and ''Palazzo Ducale'', in accordance with the varying use of the palace during its long history. The building acquired its current name when the Medici duke's residence was moved across the Arno to the
Palazzo Pitti
The Palazzo Pitti (), in English sometimes called the Pitti Palace, is a vast, mainly Renaissance, palace in Florence, Italy. It is situated on the south side of the River Arno, a short distance from the Ponte Vecchio. The core of the present ...
.
Loggia dei Lanzi
The
Loggia dei Lanzi
The Loggia dei Lanzi, also called the Loggia della Signoria, is a building on a corner of the Piazza della Signoria in Florence, Italy, adjoining the Uffizi Gallery. It consists of wide arches open to the street. The arches rest on clustered pi ...
consists of wide arches open to the street, three
bays wide and one bay deep. The arches rest on clustered columns with
Corinthian Corinthian or Corinthians may refer to:
*Several Pauline epistles, books of the New Testament of the Bible:
**First Epistle to the Corinthians
**Second Epistle to the Corinthians
**Third Epistle to the Corinthians (Orthodox)
*A demonym relating to ...
capitals. The wide arches appealed so much to the Florentines, that
Michelangelo even proposed that they should be continued all around the Piazza della Signoria. The vivacious construction of the Loggia is in stark contrast with the severe architecture of the Palazzo Vecchio. It is effectively an open-air sculpture gallery of antique and
Renaissance art
Renaissance art (1350 – 1620 AD) is the painting, sculpture, and decorative arts of the period of European history known as the Renaissance, which emerged as a distinct style in Italy in about AD 1400, in parallel with developments which occ ...
including the ''
Medici lions
The Medici lions are a pair of marble sculptures of lions: one of which is Roman, dating to the 2nd century AD, and the other a 16th-century pendant. Both were by 1598 placed at the Villa Medici, Rome. Since 1789 they have been displayed at th ...
''.
Tribunale della Mercanzia
The ''Tribunale della Mercanzia'' (Tribunal of Merchandise) is a building where in the past lawyers judged in the trial between merchants. Here was a porch painted by
Taddeo Gaddi,
Antonio del Pollaiuolo
Antonio del Pollaiuolo ( , , ; 17 January 1429/14334 February 1498), also known as Antonio di Jacopo Pollaiuolo or Antonio Pollaiuolo (also spelled Pollaiolo), was an Italian painter, sculptor, engraver, and goldsmith during the Italian Rena ...
and
Sandro Botticelli
Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi ( – May 17, 1510), known as Sandro Botticelli (, ), was an Italian Renaissance painting, Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. Botticelli's posthumous reputation suffered until the late 19th cent ...
, today stored in the
Uffizi gallery.
Palazzo Uguccioni
Built for Giovanni Uguccioni since 1550, its design has been variously attributed to
Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael (; or ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual a ...
,
Michelangelo,
Bartolomeo Ammannati
Bartolomeo Ammannati (18 June 151113 April 1592) was an Italian architect and sculptor, born at Settignano, near Florence. He studied under Baccio Bandinelli and Jacopo Sansovino (assisting on the design of the Library of St. Mark's, the ''Bibli ...
or
Raffaello da Montelupo
Raffaello da Montelupo (c. 1504/1505 – c. 1566/1567), born Raffaele Sinibaldi, was a sculptor and architect of the Italian Renaissance, and an apprentice of Michelangelo. He was the son of another Italian sculptor, Baccio da Montelupo. Both ...
.
Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali
The
Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali was designed in the
Neo-Renaissance
Renaissance Revival architecture (sometimes referred to as "Neo-Renaissance") is a group of 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Greek Revival nor Gothic Revival but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range ...
style in 1871, and is one of the very few purpose-built
commercial
Commercial may refer to:
* a dose of advertising conveyed through media (such as - for example - radio or television)
** Radio advertisement
** Television advertisement
* (adjective for:) commerce, a system of voluntary exchange of products and s ...
buildings in the centre of the city. On the ground floor of this palace is the historical cafè
Rivoire.
Other palaces
Other palaces are the ''palazzo dei Buonaguisi'' and the ''palazzo dell'Arte dei Mercatanti''.
Statues
Various imposing statues ring this square including:
#Copy of ''
Michelangelo's David''.
at the entrance of the Palazzo Vecchio; the original by
Michelangelo is housed in the
Galleria dell'Accademia
The Galleria dell'Accademia di Firenze, or "Gallery of the Academy of Florence", is an art museum in Florence, Italy. It is best known as the home of Michelangelo's sculpture ''David''. It also has other sculptures by Michelangelo and a large ...
, adjacent to the
Gallery of the Academy of Fine Arts.
#''
Equestrian Monument of Cosimo I'', honoring Cosimo I de' Medici and sculpted by
Giambologna (1594)
#''
Fountain of Neptune'' by
Bartolomeo Ammannati
Bartolomeo Ammannati (18 June 151113 April 1592) was an Italian architect and sculptor, born at Settignano, near Florence. He studied under Baccio Bandinelli and Jacopo Sansovino (assisting on the design of the Library of St. Mark's, the ''Bibli ...
(1575)
#''Il
Marzocco
The ''Marzocco'' is the heraldic lion that is a symbol of Florence, and was apparently the first piece of public secular sculpture commissioned by the Republic of Florence, in the late 14th century. The lion stood at the heart of the city i ...
'', (''the Lion'') with a copy of the ''Florentine Lily'', originally made by
Donatello
Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi ( – 13 December 1466), better known as Donatello ( ), was a Florentine sculptor of the Renaissance period. Born in Florence, he studied classical sculpture and used this to develop a complete Renaissance s ...
(copy)
#''
Judith and Holofernes'', by
Donatello
Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi ( – 13 December 1466), better known as Donatello ( ), was a Florentine sculptor of the Renaissance period. Born in Florence, he studied classical sculpture and used this to develop a complete Renaissance s ...
(copy)
[
#'' Hercules and Cacus'', by Bandinelli (1533)][
#'']The Rape of the Sabine Women
The Rape of the Sabine Women ( ), also known as the Abduction of the Sabine Women or the Kidnapping of the Sabine Women, was an incident in Roman mythology in which the men of Rome committed a mass abduction of young women from the other citi ...
'', in the Loggia dei Lanzi by Giambologna (1583)
#''Perseus with the Head of Medusa
''Perseus with the Head of Medusa'' is a bronze sculpture made by Benvenuto Cellini in the period 1545–1554. The sculpture stands on a square base which has bronze relief panels depicting the story of Perseus and Andromeda (mythology), Androm ...
'', in the Loggia dei Lanzi by Cellini (1554)
#''Medici lions
The Medici lions are a pair of marble sculptures of lions: one of which is Roman, dating to the 2nd century AD, and the other a 16th-century pendant. Both were by 1598 placed at the Villa Medici, Rome. Since 1789 they have been displayed at th ...
'', by Fancelli and Vacca (1598)
The piazza was already a central square in the original Roman town Florentia, surrounded by a theatre, Roman baths and a workshop for dyeing textiles. Later there was a church San Romolo, a loggia and an enormous 5th-century basilica. This was shown by the archaeological treasures found beneath the square when it was repaved in the 1980s. Even remains of a Neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several p ...
site were found. The square started taking shape from 1268 on, when houses of Ghibellines were pulled down by the victorious Guelph
Guelph ( ; 2021 Canadian Census population 143,740) is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Known as "The Royal City", Guelph is roughly east of Kitchener and west of Downtown Toronto, at the intersection of Highway 6, Highway 7 and Wel ...
s. The square remained a long time untidy, full of holes. In 1385 it was paved for the first time. In 1497 Girolamo Savonarola
Girolamo Savonarola, OP (, , ; 21 September 1452 – 23 May 1498) or Jerome Savonarola was an Italian Dominican friar from Ferrara and preacher active in Renaissance Florence. He was known for his prophecies of civic glory, the destruction of ...
and his followers carried out on this square the famous Bonfire of the Vanities
A bonfire of the vanities ( it, falò delle vanità) is a burning of objects condemned by religious authorities as occasions of sin. The phrase itself usually refers to the bonfire of 7 February 1497, when supporters of the Dominican friar G ...
, burning in a large pile books, gaming tables, fine dresses, and works of poets. In front of the fountain of Neptune, a round marble plaque marks the exact spot where Girolamo Savonarola
Girolamo Savonarola, OP (, , ; 21 September 1452 – 23 May 1498) or Jerome Savonarola was an Italian Dominican friar from Ferrara and preacher active in Renaissance Florence. He was known for his prophecies of civic glory, the destruction of ...
was hanged and burned on May 23, 1498.
Gallery
File:Piazza della Signoria in Florence, Italy.jpg, Some of the statues in the piazza, including a copy of David
File:Piazza della signoria 12.JPG, Piazza della Signoria with Palazzo Vecchio
File:Piazza della Signoria 15.JPG, The square with Cosimo I de' Medici's statue
File:MichelangeloDavid.jpg, A reproduction of Michelangelo's statue ''David''—The original is housed in the Galleria dell'Accademia
The Galleria dell'Accademia di Firenze, or "Gallery of the Academy of Florence", is an art museum in Florence, Italy. It is best known as the home of Michelangelo's sculpture ''David''. It also has other sculptures by Michelangelo and a large ...
File:Baccio Bandinelli-Heracles-Palazzo Vecchio.jpg, Bartolommeo Bandinelli
Baccio Bandinelli (also called Bartolommeo Brandini; 12 November 1493 – shortly before 7 February 1560), was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, draughtsman, and painter.
Biography
Bandinelli was the son of a prominent Florentine goldsmith, ...
's Hercules and Cacus
Image:PerseusSignoriaStatue.jpg, Benvenuto Cellini's statue ''Perseus With the Head of Medusa''
Image:Firenze.PalVecchio.Donatello.JPG, Donatello
Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi ( – 13 December 1466), better known as Donatello ( ), was a Florentine sculptor of the Renaissance period. Born in Florence, he studied classical sculpture and used this to develop a complete Renaissance s ...
's statue ''Judith and Holofernes''
File:Giambologna sabine.jpg, Giambologna's ''The Rape of the Sabine Women''
File:Statue Pasquino Group in Loggia dei Lanzi.jpg, The Pasquino Group
''The Pasquino Group'' (also known as ''Menelaus Carrying the Body of Patroclus'' or ''Ajax Carrying the Body of Achilles'') is a group of marble sculptures that copy a Hellenistic bronze original, dating to ca. 200–150 BCE. At least fifteen Ro ...
at Loggia dei Lanzi
File:Statue group Heracles and Nessus at Loggia dei Lanzi.jpg, Giambologna's "Heracles
Heracles ( ; grc-gre, Ἡρακλῆς, , glory/fame of Hera), born Alcaeus (, ''Alkaios'') or Alcides (, ''Alkeidēs''), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon.By his adoptiv ...
and Nessus" at Loggia dei Lanzi
File:Statue The Rape of Polyxena at Loggia dei Lanzi.jpg, Pio Fedi's "The Rape of Polyxena" at Loggia dei Lanzi
File:Fountain of Neptune.jpg, Fountain of Neptune
File:Firenze.PiazzaSignoria02.JPG, The square
File:Firenze 01.jpg, Panoramic view of piazza della Signoria
File:Piazza della Signoria.ogv, Video of the perimeter
References
Further reading
*
External links
Virtual Tour of Piazza della Signoria
{{DEFAULTSORT:Piazza Della Signoria
Signoria
A signoria () was the governing authority in many of the Italian city states during the Medieval and Renaissance periods.
The word signoria comes from ''signore'' , or "lord"; an abstract noun meaning (roughly) "government; governing authority; ...
Uffizi
Articles containing video clips