Peter Brereton Townsend (6 April 1928,

Middlesbrough Middlesbrough ( ), colloquially known as Boro, is a port town in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. Lying to the south of the River Tees, Middlesbrough forms part of the Teesside Built up area, built-up area and the Tees Va ...

– 8 June 2009,

Dursley Dursley is a market town and Civil parishes in England, civil parish in the Stroud District of Gloucestershire, England. It lies between the cities of Bristol and Gloucester. It is under the northeast flank of Stinchcombe#Stinchcombe Hill, St ...

) was a British sociologist. The last position he held was Professor of International Social Policy at the

London School of Economics The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), established in 1895, is a public research university in London, England, and a member institution of the University of London. The school specialises in the social sciences. Founded ...

. He was also emeritus Professor of Social Policy in the

University of Bristol The University of Bristol is a public university, public research university in Bristol, England. It received its royal charter in 1909, although it can trace its roots to a Merchant Venturers' school founded in 1595 and University College, Br ...

, and was one of the co-founders of the

University of Essex The University of Essex is a public university, public research university in Essex, England. Established by royal charter in 1965, it is one of the original plate glass university, plate glass universities. The university comprises three camp ...

. He wrote widely on the economics of poverty and was co-founder of the Child Poverty Action Group.''

The Independent ''The Independent'' is a British online newspaper. It was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the ''Indy'', it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was publis ...

'', 13 June 2009
Professor Peter Townsend: Campaigner for social justice who co-founded the Child Poverty Action Group
/ref> The Peter Townsend Policy Press Prize was established by the

British Academy The British Academy for the Promotion of Historical, Philosophical and Philological Studies is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. It was established in 1902 and received its royal charter in the sa ...

in his memory.

Life and education

Peter Townsend was educated at Fleet Road Elementary School, Gospel Oak,

University College School University College School, also known as UCS, is a private day school in Frognal, Hampstead, London, England. The school was founded in 1830 by University College London and inherited many of that institution's progressive and secular views. ...

St John's College, Cambridge St John's College, formally the College of St John the Evangelist in the University of Cambridge, is a Colleges of the University of Cambridge, constituent college of the University of Cambridge, founded by the House of Tudor, Tudor matriarch L ...

(MA) and the

Free University, Berlin The Free University of Berlin (, often abbreviated as FU Berlin or simply FU) is a public research university in Berlin, Germany. It was founded in West Berlin in 1948 with American support during the early Cold War period as a Western continu ...

. He was married three times: Ruth Pearce (1949) with whom he had four sons; Joy Skegg (1977) with whom he had one daughter; Jean Ann Corston, a Labour peer and former MP (1985) (one stepson, one stepdaughter) who was his partner from 1980.

Career

Townsend was dedicated to studying "very carefully the life of the poorest and most handicapped members of society". He applied this consistently outside academia as well as within it. During the 1960s, Townsend served as a member on the Council for Training in Social Work's Research Committee. The committee was chaired by Sir Charles Morris. Townsend was co-founder of the Child Poverty Action Group in 1965, was its chair for 20 years and Life President from 1989. He also co-founded the Disability Alliance in response to the

Thalidomide Thalidomide, sold under the brand names Contergan and Thalomid among others, is an oral administered medication used to treat a number of cancers (e.g., multiple myeloma), graft-versus-host disease, and many skin disorders (e.g., complication ...

scandal, and chaired it for 25 years.

Work

Definition of relative poverty

*''"Individuals, families and groups in the population can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the type of diet, participate in the activities and have the living conditions and the amenities which are customary, or at least widely encouraged or approved in the societies to which they belong. Their resources are so seriously below those commanded by the average family that they are in effect excluded from the ordinary living patterns, customs, and activities (page 31)."''

Townsend inefficiency

Townsend inefficiency is a possible property of monetary exchange. Rather than evaluating the utility he generated in production, one of the parties is evaluating the value of the money he gets in the transaction. In other words, a worker may only be looking at his

paycheck A paycheck is traditionally a paper document (cheque) issued by an Employment#Employer, employer to income, pay Employment#Employee, employee for services rendered. In recent times, the physical paycheck has been increasingly replaced by elect ...

instead of the amount of labour he promises to perform to get that paycheck. This sets up an inefficiency in the monetary exchange.

Death

Townsend died of heart failure on 8 June 2009. He was survived by his wife and his five children.''

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'', 9 June 2009
Peter Townsend – Social policy professor at the LSE and joint founder of the Child Poverty Action Group
/ref>

Selected publications

*''

Child poverty Child poverty refers to the state of children living in poverty and applies to children from poor families and orphans being raised with limited or no state resources. UNICEF estimates that 356 million children live in extreme poverty. It is esti ...

in the developing world'', Bristol: Policy Press 2003 *''Better pensions: the state's responsibility'', London: Catalyst Forum, 2003 *With Gordon, D. (eds.) ''World poverty: new policies to defeat an old enemy'', Bristol: The Policy Press, 2002 *With Gordon, D. and Pantazis, C.''The changing necessities of life, Working Paper 2 of the Poverty and Social Exclusion Survey'', Townsend Centre for International Poverty Research, University of Bristol, Bristol, 2001 *With Gordon, D. (eds.) ''Breadline Europe: the measurement of poverty'', Bristol: The Policy Press, 2000 *With et al. ''Poverty and social exclusion in Britain'', York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2000 *With et al. ''Absolute and overall poverty in Britain in 1997: what the population themselves say'', Bristol: Bristol Statistical Monitoring Unit, University of Bristol, 1997 *''The international analysis of poverty'', London and New York, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993 *''Hard times: what prospects for European social policy?'', Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1992 *With Black, D. ''Inequalities in health: the Black Report and the health divide'', 3rd ed. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1992 *''Unfinished statistical business?'', Bristol: Department of Social Policy and Social Planning, University of Bristol, 1992 *With Gordon, D. ''Unfinished statistical business on low incomes?: a review of new proposals by the Department of Social Security for the production of public information on poverty'', Bristol: Statistical Monitoring Unit, Dept. Social Policy and Social Planning, University of Bristol, 1992 *''Meaningful statistics on poverty 1991'', Bristol: Dept. Social Policy and Social Planning, University of Bristol, 1991 *''The poor are poorer, a statistical report on changes in the living standards of rich and poor in the UK 1979–1989'', Bristol: SMU, Dept. Social Policy and Soc. Planning, University of Bristol, 1991 *With Phillimore, P. and Beattie, A. ''Health and deprivation: inequality and the North'', London, New York: Croom Helm, 1988 *With Walker, R. and Lawson, R. ''Responses to poverty: lessons from Europe'', London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1984 *
Why are the many poor?
', London: Fabian Society, 1984 *With Walker, A. ''Disability in Britain: a manifesto of rights'', Oxford: Martin Robertson, 1981 *With Bosanquet, N. ''Labour and equality: a Fabian study of Labour in power'', 1974–79, London: Heinemann, 1980 *''Poverty in the United Kingdom: a survey of household resources and standards of living'', Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1979 *With Lewis, P. ''Inflation and low incomes'', London: Fabian Society, 1975 *With Bosanquet, N. (eds.) ''Labour and inequality: sixteen Fabian essays'', London: Fabian Society, 1972 *''The concept of poverty: working papers on methods of investigation and life-styles of the poor in different countries'', London: Heinemann Educational, 1971 *''The fifth social service: a critical analysis of the Seebohm Proposals'', London: Fabian Society, 1970 *With Reddin, M. and Kaim-Caudle P.
Social services for all?
', London: Fabian Society, 1968 *
Poverty, socialism, and Labour in power
', London: Fabian Society, 1967 *''The last refuge: a survey of residential institutions and homes for the aged in England and Wales'', London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1962 *''The family life of old people: an inquiry in East London'', London: Routledge, 1957

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Townsend, Peter 1928 births 2009 deaths Academics of the London School of Economics Academics of the University of Bristol Academics of the University of Essex Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge British sociologists Family sociologists Chairs of the Fabian Society Place of birth missing Spouses of life peers People educated at University College School