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Peter Edward Cook (17 November 1937 – 9 January 1995) was an English actor, comedian, satirist, playwright and screenwriter. He was the leading figure of the British
satire boom The satire boom was the output of a generation of British satirical writers, journalists and performers at the beginning of the 1960s. The satire boom is often regarded as having begun with the first performance of '' Beyond the Fringe'' on 22 Aug ...
of the 1960s, and he was associated with the
anti-establishment An anti-establishment view or belief is one which stands in opposition to the conventional social, political, and economic principles of a society. The term was first used in the modern sense in 1958, by the British magazine ''New Statesman'' ...
comedic movement that emerged in the United Kingdom in the late 1950s. Born in
Torquay Torquay ( ) is a seaside town in Devon, England, part of the unitary authority area of Torbay. It lies south of the county town of Exeter and east-north-east of Plymouth, on the north of Tor Bay, adjoining the neighbouring town of Paig ...
, he was educated at the
University of Cambridge , mottoeng = Literal: From here, light and sacred draughts. Non literal: From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge. , established = , other_name = The Chancellor, Masters and Schola ...
. There he became involved with the Footlights Club, of which he later became president. After graduating he created the comedy stage revue '' Beyond the Fringe'', beginning a long-running partnership with Dudley Moore. In 1961, Cook opened the comedy club The Establishment in
Soho Soho is an area of the City of Westminster, part of the West End of London. Originally a fashionable district for the aristocracy, it has been one of the main entertainment districts in the capital since the 19th century. The area was deve ...
, Central London. In 1965, Cook and Moore began a television career, beginning with '' Not Only... But Also''. Cook’s
deadpan Deadpan, dry humour, or dry-wit humour is the deliberate display of emotional neutrality or no emotion, commonly as a form of comedic delivery to contrast with the ridiculousness or absurdity of the subject matter. The delivery is meant to be blun ...
monologues contrasted with Moore’s buffoonery. They received the 1966 British Academy Television Award for Best Entertainment Performance. Following the success of the show, the duo appeared together in the films '' The Wrong Box'' (1966) and '' Bedazzled'' (1967). Cook and Moore returned to television projects continuing to the late 1970s, including co-presenting ''
Saturday Night Live ''Saturday Night Live'' (often abbreviated to ''SNL'') is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol that airs on NBC and Peacock. Michaels currently serves ...
'' in the United States. From 1978 until his death in 1995, Cook no longer collaborated with Moore, apart from a few cameo appearances but continued to be a regular performer in British television and film. Referred to as "the father of modern
satire Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of shaming o ...
" by ''
The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers '' The Observer'' and '' The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the ...
'' in 2005, Cook was ranked number one in the ''Comedians' Comedian'', a poll of more than 300 comics, comedy writers, producers and directors in the English-speaking world.


Early life

Cook was born at his parents' house, "Shearbridge", in Middle Warberry Road,
Torquay Torquay ( ) is a seaside town in Devon, England, part of the unitary authority area of Torbay. It lies south of the county town of Exeter and east-north-east of Plymouth, on the north of Tor Bay, adjoining the neighbouring town of Paig ...
,
Devon Devon ( , historically known as Devonshire , ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South West England. The most populous settlement in Devon is the city of Plymouth, followed by Devon's county town, the city of Exeter. Devo ...
. He was the only son, and eldest of the three children, of Alexander Edward "Alec" Cook (1906–1984), a colonial civil servant and his wife Ethel Catherine Margaret (1908–1994), daughter of solicitor Charles Mayo. His father served as political officer and later district officer in Nigeria, then as financial secretary to the colony of Gibraltar, followed by a return to Nigeria as
Permanent Secretary A permanent secretary (also known as a principal secretary) is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil ...
of the Eastern Region based at
Enugu Enugu ( ; ) is the capital city of Enugu State in Nigeria. It is located in southeastern part of Nigeria. The city had a population of 820,000 according to the 2022 Nigerian census. The name ''Enugu'' is derived from the two Igbo words ''Én ...
. Cook's grandfather, Edward Arthur Cook (1869–1914), had also been a colonial civil servant, traffic manager for the Federated Malay States Railway in
Kuala Lumpur , anthem = ''Maju dan Sejahtera'' , image_map = , map_caption = , pushpin_map = Malaysia#Southeast Asia#Asia , pushpin_map_caption = , coordinates = , sub ...
, Malaya. The stress he suffered in the lead-up to an interview regarding promotion led him to commit suicide. His wife, Minnie Jane (1869–1957), daughter of Thomas Wreford, of
Thelbridge Thelbridge is a village and civil parish in Devon, England. It is 5 miles NE of Morchard Road railway station and 8½ NNW of Crediton. The local church, St David's has medieval origins but was completely rebuilt in 1872–1875. It is grade I ...
and
Witheridge Witheridge is a village and civil parish in the North Devon district of Devon, England. In 2001 the population of the parish was 1162, reducing slightly to 1,158 at the 2011 Census. An electoral ward with the same name exists. The population ...
, Devon, and of
Stratford-upon-Avon Stratford-upon-Avon (), commonly known as just Stratford, is a market town and civil parish in the Stratford-on-Avon district, in the county of Warwickshire, in the West Midlands region of England. It is situated on the River Avon, north-we ...
, of a prominent Devonshire family traced back to 1440, kept this fact secret. Peter Cook only discovered the truth when later researching his family. Cook was educated at Radley College and then went up to
Pembroke College, Cambridge Pembroke College (officially "The Master, Fellows and Scholars of the College or Hall of Valence-Mary") is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college is the third-oldest college of the university and has over 700 ...
, where he read French and German. As a student, Cook initially intended to become a career
diplomat A diplomat (from grc, δίπλωμα; romanized ''diploma'') is a person appointed by a state or an intergovernmental institution such as the United Nations or the European Union to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or interna ...
like his father, but Britain "had run out of colonies", as he put it. Although largely apathetic politically, particularly in later life when he displayed a deep distrust of politicians of all hues, he joined the
Cambridge University Liberal Club Cambridge University Liberal Association (CULA) is the student branch of the Liberal Democrats for students at Cambridge University. It is the successor to the Cambridge Student Liberal Democrats, which in turn was formed from the merger of Cam ...
. At Pembroke, Cook performed and wrote comedy sketches as a member of the Cambridge Footlights Club, of which he became president in 1960. His hero was fellow Footlights writer and Cambridge magazine writer
David Nobbs David Gordon Nobbs (13 March 1935 – 8 August 2015"C ...
. While still at university, Cook wrote for Kenneth Williams, providing several sketches for Williams' hit West End comedy revue '' Pieces of Eight'' and much of the follow-up, ''
One Over the Eight ''One Over the Eight'' was a comedy revue which opened on April 5, 1961. It was written by Peter Cook and starred Kenneth Williams. The material included a "One Leg Too Few" sketch and "Interesting Facts" sketch with Williams playing an E. L. W ...
'', before finding prominence in his own right in a four-man group satirical stage show, '' Beyond the Fringe'', alongside Jonathan Miller, Alan Bennett, and Dudley Moore. ''Beyond the Fringe'' became a great success in London after being first performed at the
Edinburgh Festival __NOTOC__ This is a list of arts and cultural festivals regularly taking place in Edinburgh, Scotland. The city has become known for its festivals since the establishment in 1947 of the Edinburgh International Festival and the Edinburgh F ...
and included Cook impersonating the
prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...
,
Harold Macmillan Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, (10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) was a British Conservative statesman and politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963. Caricatured as " Supermac", ...
. This was one of the first occasions satirical political mimicry had been attempted in live theatre, and it shocked audiences. During one performance, Macmillan was in the theatre and Cook departed from his script and attacked him verbally.


Career


1960s

In 1961, Cook opened The Establishment, a club at 18 Greek Street in
Soho Soho is an area of the City of Westminster, part of the West End of London. Originally a fashionable district for the aristocracy, it has been one of the main entertainment districts in the capital since the 19th century. The area was deve ...
in
central London Central London is the innermost part of London, in England, spanning several boroughs. Over time, a number of definitions have been used to define the scope of Central London for statistics, urban planning and local government. Its characteris ...
, presenting fellow comedians in a nightclub setting, including American
Lenny Bruce Leonard Alfred Schneider (October 13, 1925 – August 3, 1966), known professionally as Lenny Bruce, was an American stand-up comedian, social critic, and satirist. He was renowned for his open, free-wheeling, and critical style of comedy which ...
. Cook later joked that it was a satirical venue modelled on "those wonderful
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitu ...
cabarets ... which did so much to stop the rise of
Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
and prevent the outbreak of the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...
". As a members-only venue, it was outside the censorship restrictions. The Establishment's regular cabaret performers were
Eleanor Bron Eleanor Bron (born 14 March 1938) is an English stage, film and television actress, and an author. Her film roles include Ahme in the Beatles musical '' Help!'' (1965), the Doctor in '' Alfie'' (1966), Margaret Spencer in '' Bedazzled'' (1967), ...
, John Bird, and John Fortune. Cook befriended and supported Australian comedian and actor Barry Humphries, who began his British solo career at the club. Humphries said in his autobiography, ''My Life As Me'', that he found Cook's lack of interest in art and literature off-putting. Dudley Moore's
jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a m ...
trio played in the basement of the club during the early 1960s. Cook also opened an Establishment club in New York in 1963 and
Lenny Bruce Leonard Alfred Schneider (October 13, 1925 – August 3, 1966), known professionally as Lenny Bruce, was an American stand-up comedian, social critic, and satirist. He was renowned for his open, free-wheeling, and critical style of comedy which ...
performed there, as well. In 1962, the BBC commissioned a pilot for a television series of satirical sketches based on the Establishment Club, but it was not immediately picked up and Cook went to
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
for a year to perform ''Beyond the Fringe'' on Broadway. When he returned, the pilot had been refashioned as '' That Was the Week That Was'' and had made a television star of
David Frost Sir David Paradine Frost (7 April 1939 – 31 August 2013) was a British television host, journalist, comedian and writer. He rose to prominence during the satire boom in the United Kingdom when he was chosen to host the satirical programme ...
, something Cook made no secret of resenting. He complained that Frost's success was based on directly copying Cook's own stage persona and Cook dubbed him "the bubonic plagiarist",Simon Hattenston
"The Saturday interview: David Frost"
''The Guardian'', 2 July 2011
and said that his only regret in life, according to Alan Bennett, had been saving Frost from drowning. This incident occurred in the summer of 1963, when the rivalry between the two men was at its height. Cook had realised that Frost's potential drowning would have looked deliberate if he had not been rescued. By the mid 1960s the
satire boom The satire boom was the output of a generation of British satirical writers, journalists and performers at the beginning of the 1960s. The satire boom is often regarded as having begun with the first performance of '' Beyond the Fringe'' on 22 Aug ...
was coming to an end and Cook said: "England was about to sink giggling into the sea." Around this time, Cook provided substantial financial backing for the satirical magazine '' Private Eye'', supporting it through difficult periods, particularly in
libel Defamation is the act of communicating to a third party false statements about a person, place or thing that results in damage to its reputation. It can be spoken (slander) or written (libel). It constitutes a tort or a crime. The legal defi ...
trials. Cook invested his own money and solicited investment from his friends. For a time, the magazine was produced from the premises of the Establishment Club. In 1963, Cook married Wendy Snowden. The couple had two daughters, Lucy and Daisy, but the marriage ended in 1970. Cook's first regular television spot was on Granada Television's ''On the Braden Beat'' with
Bernard Braden Bernard Chastey Braden (16 May 1916 – 2 February 1993) was a Canadian-born British actor and comedian, who is best known for his appearances in UK television and radio shows. Life Braden was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, and educate ...
, where he featured his most enduring character: the static, dour and monotonal
E. L. Wisty E. L. Wisty was a fictional character created and played by the comedian Peter Cook on and off throughout his career. A bland, monotonal know-it-all, Wisty usually appeared in monologues, or in two-handed sketches in which he bores the other person. ...
, whom Cook had conceived for Radley College's Marionette Society. Cook's comedy partnership with Dudley Moore led to '' Not Only... But Also''. This was originally intended by the BBC as a vehicle for Moore's music, but Moore invited Cook to write sketches and appear with him. Using few props, they created dry, absurd television that proved hugely popular and lasted for three series between 1965 and 1970. Cook played characters such as Sir Arthur Streeb-Greebling and the two men created their
Pete and Dud Pete and Dud were characters played by the comedians and entertainers Peter Cook and Dudley Moore. The dialogue format originated in 1964 when Dudley Moore invited Peter Cook to appear in a television performance. Cook scripted a conversation bet ...
alter egos. Other sketches included "Superthunderstingcar", a parody of the Gerry Anderson marionette TV shows, and Cook's pastiche of 1960s trendy arts documentaries – satirised in a parodic segment on
Greta Garbo Greta Garbo (born Greta Lovisa Gustafsson; 18 September 1905 – 15 April 1990) was a Swedish-American actress. Regarded as one of the greatest screen actresses, she was known for her melancholic, somber persona, her film portrayals of tragic ch ...
. When Cook learned a few years later that the videotapes of the series were to be wiped, a common practice at the time, he offered to buy the recordings from the BBC but was refused because of copyright issues. He suggested he could purchase new tapes so that the BBC would have no need to erase the originals, but this was also turned down. Of the original 22 programmes, only eight still survive complete. A compilation of six half-hour programmes, ''The Best of... What's Left of... Not Only...But Also'' was shown on television and has been released on both VHS and DVD. With '' The Wrong Box'' (1966) and '' Bedazzled'' (1967), Cook and Moore began to act in films together. Directed by Stanley Donen, the underlying story of ''Bedazzled'' is credited to Cook and Moore and its screenplay to Cook. A comic parody of Faust, it stars Cook as George Spigott (the
Devil A devil is the personification of evil as it is conceived in various cultures and religious traditions. It is seen as the objectification of a hostile and destructive force. Jeffrey Burton Russell states that the different conceptions of ...
) who tempts Stanley Moon (Moore), a frustrated, short-order chef, with the promise of gaining his heart's desire – the unattainable beauty and waitress at his cafe, Margaret Spencer (
Eleanor Bron Eleanor Bron (born 14 March 1938) is an English stage, film and television actress, and an author. Her film roles include Ahme in the Beatles musical '' Help!'' (1965), the Doctor in '' Alfie'' (1966), Margaret Spencer in '' Bedazzled'' (1967), ...
) – in exchange for his soul, but repeatedly tricks him. The film features cameo appearances by Barry Humphries as Envy and Raquel Welch as Lust. Moore composed the soundtrack music and co-wrote (with Cook) the songs performed in the film. His jazz trio backed Cook on the theme, a parodic anti-love song, which Cook delivered in a
deadpan Deadpan, dry humour, or dry-wit humour is the deliberate display of emotional neutrality or no emotion, commonly as a form of comedic delivery to contrast with the ridiculousness or absurdity of the subject matter. The delivery is meant to be blun ...
monotone and included his familiar put-down, "you fill me with inertia". In 1968, Cook and Moore briefly switched to ATV for four one-hour programmes titled '' Goodbye Again'', based on the Pete and Dud characters. Cook's increasing
alcoholism Alcoholism is, broadly, any drinking of alcohol that results in significant mental or physical health problems. Because there is disagreement on the definition of the word ''alcoholism'', it is not a recognized diagnostic entity. Predomi ...
led him to become reliant on cue cards. The show was not a popular success, owing in part to a strike causing the suspension of the publication of the ITV
listings magazine A listings magazine is a magazine which is largely dedicated to information about the upcoming week's events such as broadcast programming, music, clubs, theatre and film information. The BBC's ''Radio Times'' was the world's first listing ...
''
TV Times ''TV Times'' is a British television listings magazine published by Future plc. It was originally published by Independent Television Publications, owned by the participating ITV companies. The magazine was acquired by IPC Media in 1989, which ...
''. John Cleese was also a cast member, who would become close lifelong friends with Cook and later collaborated on multiple projects together.


1970s

In 1970, Cook took over a project initiated by David Frost for a satirical film about an opinion pollster who rises to become President of Great Britain. Under Cook's guidance, the character became modelled on Frost. The film, '' The Rise and Rise of Michael Rimmer'', was not a success, although the cast contained notable names (including Cleese and Graham Chapman, who were co-writers). Cook became a favourite of the chat show circuit but his effort at hosting such a show for the BBC in 1971, '' Where Do I Sit?'', was said by the critics to have been a disappointment. It was axed after only three episodes and was replaced by Michael Parkinson, the start of Parkinson's career as a chat show host. Parkinson later asked Cook what his ambitions were, Cook replied jocularly " ..in fact, my ambition is to shut you up altogether you see!" Cook and Moore fashioned sketches from ''Not Only....But Also'' and ''Goodbye Again'' with new material into the stage revue called ''Behind the Fridge''. This show toured Australia in 1972 before transferring to New York City in 1973, re-titled as ''Good Evening''. Cook frequently appeared on and off stage the worse for drink. Nonetheless, the show proved very popular and it won Tony and
Grammy Award The Grammy Awards (stylized as GRAMMY), or simply known as the Grammys, are awards presented by the Recording Academy of the United States to recognize "outstanding" achievements in the music industry. They are regarded by many as the most pr ...
s. When it finished, Moore stayed in the United States to pursue his film acting ambitions in Hollywood. Cook returned to Britain and in 1973, married the actress and model Judy Huxtable. Later, the more risqué humour of Pete and Dud went further on such LPs as " Derek and Clive". The first recording was initiated by Cook to alleviate boredom during the Broadway run of ''Good Evening'' and used material conceived years before for the two characters but considered too outrageous. One of these audio recordings was also filmed and therein tensions between the duo are seen to rise. Chris Blackwell circulated
bootleg Bootleg or bootlegging most often refers to: * Bootleg recording, an audio or video recording released unofficially * Rum-running, the illegal business of transporting and trading in alcoholic beverages, hence: ** Moonshine, or illicitly made a ...
copies to friends in the music business. The popularity of the recording convinced Cook to release it commercially, although Moore was initially reluctant, fearing that his rising fame as a Hollywood star would be undermined. Two further ''Derek and Clive'' albums were released, the last accompanied by a film. Cook and Moore hosted ''
Saturday Night Live ''Saturday Night Live'' (often abbreviated to ''SNL'') is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol that airs on NBC and Peacock. Michaels currently serves ...
'' on 24 January 1976 during the show's first season. They did a number of their classic stage routines, including "
One Leg Too Few "One Leg Too Few" is a comedy sketch written by Peter Cook and most famously performed by Cook and Dudley Moore. It is a classic example of comedy arising from an absurd situation which the participants take entirely seriously ( comic irony), an ...
" and "Frog and Peach" among others, in addition to participating in some skits with the show's
ensemble cast In a dramatic production, an ensemble cast is one that is composed of multiple principal actors and performers who are typically assigned roughly equal amounts of screen time.Random House: ensemble acting Linked 2013-07-17 Structure In contrast t ...
. In 1978, Cook appeared on the British music series '' Revolver'' as the manager of a ballroom where emerging punk and new wave acts played. For some groups, these were their first appearances on television. Cook's acerbic commentary was a distinctive aspect of the programme. In 1979, Cook recorded comedy-segments as B-sides to the Sparks 12-inch singles "Number One Song in Heaven" and "Tryouts for the Human Race". The main songwriter Ron Mael often began with a banal situation in his lyrics and then went at surreal tangents in the style of Cook and S. J. Perelman.


Amnesty International performances

Cook appeared at the first three fund-raising galas staged by Cleese and Martin Lewis on behalf of
Amnesty International Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. The organization says it has more than ten million members and s ...
. From the third show in 1979 the benefits were dubbed '' The Secret Policeman's Balls''. He performed on all three nights of the first show in April 1976, ''
A Poke in the Eye (With a Sharp Stick) ''A Poke in the Eye (With a Sharp Stick)'' is the title of the first show in what later became the '' Secret Policeman's Ball'' series of benefit shows for human rights organization Amnesty International, although it pre-dated by three years t ...
'', as an individual performer and as a member of the cast of ''Beyond the Fringe'', which reunited for the first time since the 1960s. He also appeared in a Monty Python sketch, taking the place of Eric Idle. Cook was on the cast album of the show and in the film, ''
Pleasure at Her Majesty's ''A Poke in the Eye (With a Sharp Stick)'' is the title of the first show in what later became the '' Secret Policeman's Ball'' series of benefit shows for human rights organization Amnesty International, although it pre-dated by three years t ...
''. He was in the second Amnesty gala in May 1977, ''An Evening Without Sir Bernard Miles''. It was retitled ''The Mermaid Frolics'' for the cast album and TV special. Cook performed monologues and skits with Terry Jones. In June 1979, Cook performed all four nights of '' The Secret Policeman's Ball'', teaming with Cleese. Cook performed a couple of solo pieces and a sketch with
Eleanor Bron Eleanor Bron (born 14 March 1938) is an English stage, film and television actress, and an author. Her film roles include Ahme in the Beatles musical '' Help!'' (1965), the Doctor in '' Alfie'' (1966), Margaret Spencer in '' Bedazzled'' (1967), ...
. He also led the ensemble in the finale – the "End of the World" sketch from ''Beyond the Fringe''. In response to a barb in ''
The Daily Telegraph ''The Daily Telegraph'', known online and elsewhere as ''The Telegraph'', is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally. It was f ...
'' that the show was recycled material, Cook wrote a satire of the summing-up by Justice Cantley in the trial of former Liberal Party leader Jeremy Thorpe, a summary now widely thought to show
bias Bias is a disproportionate weight ''in favor of'' or ''against'' an idea or thing, usually in a way that is closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individual, a group ...
in favour of Thorpe. Cook performed it that same night (Friday 29 June – the third of the four nights) and the following night. The nine-minute opus, "Entirely a Matter for You", is considered by many fans and critics to be one of the finest works of Cook's career. Along with Cook, producer of the show Martin Lewis brought out an album on
Virgin Records Virgin Records is a record label owned by Universal Music Group. It originally founded as a British independent record label in 1972 by entrepreneurs Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Nik Powell, and musician Tom Newman. It grew to be a world ...
entitled ''Here Comes the Judge: Live'', containing the live performance together with three studio tracks that further lampooned the Thorpe trial. Although unable to take part in the 1981 gala, Cook supplied the narration over the animated opening title sequence of the 1982 film of the show. With Lewis, he wrote and voiced
radio commercials In the United States, commercial radio stations make most of their revenue by selling airtime to be used for running radio advertisements. These advertisements are the result of a business or a service providing a valuable consideration, usually ...
to advertise the film in the UK. He also hosted a spoof film awards ceremony that was part of the world première of the film in London in March 1982. Following Cook's 1987 stage reunion with Moore for the annual American benefit for the homeless, Comic Relief (not related to the UK Comic Relief benefits), Cook repeated the reunion for a British audience by performing with Moore at the 1989 Amnesty benefit ''The Secret Policeman's Biggest Ball''.


''Consequences'' album

Cook played multiple roles on the 1977 concept album '' Consequences'', written and produced by former 10cc members Kevin Godley and Lol Creme. A mixture of spoken comedy and
progressive rock Progressive rock (shortened as prog rock or simply prog; sometimes conflated with art rock) is a broad genre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States through the mid- to late 1960s, peaking in the early 1970s. I ...
with an environmental subtext, ''Consequences'' started as a single that Godley and Creme planned to make to demonstrate their invention, an electric guitar effect called
the Gizmo ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...
, which they developed in 10cc. The project grew into a three- LP box set. The comedy sections were originally intended to be performed by a cast including Spike Milligan and Peter Ustinov, but Godley and Creme eventually settled on Cook once they realised he could perform most parts himself. The storyline centres on the impending
divorce Divorce (also known as dissolution of marriage) is the process of terminating a marriage or marital union. Divorce usually entails the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving th ...
of ineffectual Englishman Walter Stapleton (Cook) and his French wife Lulu ( Judy Huxtable). While meeting their lawyers – the bibulous Mr. Haig and overbearing Mr. Pepperman (both played by Cook) – the encroaching global catastrophe interrupts proceedings with bizarre and mysterious happenings, which seem to centre on Mr. Blint (Cook), a musician and composer living in the flat below Haig's office, to which it is connected by a large hole in the floor. Although it has since developed a
cult following A cult following refers to a group of fans who are highly dedicated to some person, idea, object, movement, or work, often an artist, in particular a performing artist, or an artwork in some medium. The lattermost is often called a cult classic. ...
due to Cook's presence, ''Consequences'' was released as punk was sweeping the UK and proved a resounding commercial failure, savaged by critics who found the music self-indulgent. The script and story have evident connections to Cook's own life – his then-wife Judy Huxtable plays Walter's wife. Cook's struggles with alcohol are mirrored in Haig's drinking, and there is a parallel between the fictional divorce of Walter and Lulu and Cook's own divorce from his first wife. The voice and accent Cook used for the character of Stapleton are similar to those of Cook's ''Beyond the Fringe'' colleague, Alan Bennett, and a book on Cook's comedy, ''How Very Interesting: Peter Cook's Universe and All That Surrounds It'', speculates that the characters Cook plays in ''Consequences'' are his verbal caricatures of the four ''Beyond the Fringe'' cast members – the alcoholic Haig represents Cook himself, the tremulous Stapleton is Bennett, the parodically Jewish Pepperman is Miller, and the pianist Blint represents Moore.


1980s

Cook starred in the LWT special ''Peter Cook & Co.'' in 1980. The show included comedy sketches, including a '' Tales of the Unexpected'' parody "Tales of the Much As We Expected". This involved Cook as Roald Dahl, explaining his name had been Ronald before he dropped the "n". The cast included Cleese, Rowan Atkinson, Beryl Reid,
Paula Wilcox Paula Wilcox (born 13 December 1949) is an English actress. With a career spanning over 50 years, she is best known for her role as Chrissy in the popular ITV sitcom ''Man About The House'' from 1973 to 1976. She has also had roles in TV shows ...
, and Terry Jones. Partly spurred by Moore's growing film star status, Cook moved to Hollywood in that year, and appeared as an uptight English butler to a wealthy American woman in a short-lived United States television sitcom, '' The Two of Us'', also making cameo appearances in a couple of undistinguished films. In 1983, Cook played the role of Richard III in the first episode of '' Blackadder'', " The Foretelling", which parodies
Laurence Olivier Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier (; 22 May 1907 – 11 July 1989) was an English actor and director who, along with his contemporaries Ralph Richardson and John Gielgud, was one of a trio of male actors who dominated the British stage ...
's portrayal. In 1984, he played the role of Nigel, the mathematics teacher, in Jeannot Szwarc's film '' Supergirl'', working alongside the evil Selena played by Faye Dunaway. He then narrated the short film ''Diplomatix'' by Norwegian comedy trio Kirkvaag, Lystad, and Mjøen, which won the "Special Prize of the City of Montreux" at the Montreux Comedy Festival in 1985. In 1986, he partnered
Joan Rivers Joan Alexandra Molinsky (June 8, 1933 – September 4, 2014), known professionally as Joan Rivers, was an American comedian, actress, producer, writer and television host. She was noted for her blunt, often controversial comedic persona—heavi ...
on her UK talk show. He appeared as Mr Jolly in 1987 in '' The Comic Strip Presents... episode " Mr. Jolly Lives Next Door", playing an assassin who covers the sound of his murders by playing
Tom Jones Tom Jones may refer to: Arts and entertainment *Tom Jones (singer) (born 1940), Welsh singer *Tom Jones (writer) (1928–2023), American librettist and lyricist *''The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling'', a novel by Henry Fielding published in 1 ...
records. That same year, Cook appeared in ''
The Princess Bride The Princess Bride may refer to: * ''The Princess Bride'' (novel), 1973 fantasy romance novel by American writer William Goldman William Goldman (August 12, 1931 – November 16, 2018) was an American novelist, playwright, and screenwriter. He ...
'' as the "Impressive Clergyman" who officiates at the wedding ceremony between Buttercup and Prince Humperdinck, uttering the now-famous line "Mawage!" Also that year, he spent time working with humourist Martin Lewis on a political satire about the 1988 US presidential elections for HBO, but the script went unproduced. Lewis suggested that Cook team with Moore for the US Comic Relief telethon for the homeless. The duo reunited and performed their "One Leg Too Few" sketch. Cook again collaborated with Moore for the 1989
Amnesty International Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. The organization says it has more than ten million members and s ...
benefit show, ''The Secret Policeman's Biggest Ball''. A 1984 commercial for
John Harvey & Sons John Harvey & Sons is a brand (trading name) of a wine and sherry blending and merchant business founded by William Perry in Bristol, England in 1796. The business within 60 years of John Harvey joining had blended the first dessert sherry, ...
showed Cook at a poolside party drinking Harvey's Bristol Cream sherry. He then says to "throw away those silly little glasses" whereupon the other party guests toss their
sunglasses Sunglasses or sun glasses (informally called shades or sunnies; more names Sunglasses#Other names, below) are a form of Eye protection, protective eyewear designed primarily to prevent bright sunlight and high-energy visible light from damagin ...
in the swimming pool. In 1988, Cook appeared as a contestant on the improvisation comedy show '' Whose Line Is It Anyway?'' He was declared the winner, his prize being to read the credits in the style of a New York cab driver – a character he had portrayed in ''Peter Cook & Co.'' Cook occasionally called in to Clive Bull's night-time phone-in radio show on
LBC LBC (originally the London Broadcasting Company) is a British phone-in and talk radio station owned and operated by Global and based in its headquarters in London. It was the UK's first licensed commercial radio station, and began to broadcast ...
in London. Using the name "Sven from Swiss Cottage", he mused on love, loneliness, and herrings in a mock Norwegian accent. Jokes included Sven's attempts to find his estranged wife, in which he often claimed to be telephoning the show from all over the world, and his dislike of his fellow Norwegians' obsession with fish. While Bull was clearly aware that Sven was fictional and was happy to play along with the joke, he did not learn of the caller's real identity until later.


Revival

In late 1989, Cook married for the third time, to
Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Mal ...
n-born property developer Chiew Lin Chong in Torbay, Devon. She provided him with some stability in his personal life, and he reduced his drinking to the extent that for a time he was teetotal. He lived alone in a small 18th-century house in Perrins Walk,
Hampstead Hampstead () is an area in London, which lies northwest of Charing Cross, and extends from the A5 road (Roman Watling Street) to Hampstead Heath, a large, hilly expanse of parkland. The area forms the northwest part of the London Borough o ...
, while she kept her own property just away. Cook returned to the BBC as Sir Arthur Streeb-Greebling for an appearance with Ludovic Kennedy in ''A Life in Pieces''. The 12 interviews saw Sir Arthur recount his life, based on the song " Twelve Days of Christmas". Unscripted interviews with Cook as Streeb-Greebling and satirist Chris Morris were recorded in late 1993 and broadcast as '' Why Bother?'' on BBC Radio 3 in 1994. Morris described them: On 17 December 1993, Cook appeared on '' Clive Anderson Talks Back'' as four characters – biscuit tester and alien abductee Norman House, football manager and motivational speaker Alan Latchley, judge Sir James Beauchamp, and rock legend Eric Daley. The following day, he appeared on BBC2 performing links for ''
Arena An arena is a large enclosed platform, often circular or oval-shaped, designed to showcase theatre, musical performances, or sporting events. It is composed of a large open space surrounded on most or all sides by tiered seating for spectator ...
s "Radio Night". He also appeared in the 1993 Christmas special of '' One Foot in the Grave'' ("One Foot in the Algarve"), playing a muckraking tabloid photographer. Before the end of the following year, his mother died, and a grief-stricken Cook returned to heavy drinking. He made his last television appearance on the show '' Pebble Mill at One'' in November 1994.


Personal life and death

Cook was married three times. He was first married to Wendy Snowden, whom he met at university, in 1963. They had two daughters, Lucy and Daisy. They divorced in 1971. Cook then married his second wife, model and actress Judy Huxtable, in 1973, the marriage ending in 1989 after they had been separated for some years. He married his third and final wife, Chiew Lin Chong, in 1989, to whom he remained married until his death. Cook became stepfather to Chong's daughter, Nina. Chong died at the age of 71 in November 2016. Following Cook's death, Chong suffered from depression, with her grief and the challenge of bringing up Nina, who had severe learning difficulties. Cook died in a coma on 9 January 1995 at age 57 at the Royal Free Hospital in Hampstead, London, from a gastrointestinal haemorrhage, a complication probably resulting from years of heavy drinking.Death of a Slacker
by Andy Beckett, ''The Independent'', 30 July 1995.
His body was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium, and his ashes were buried in an unmarked plot behind St John-at-Hampstead, not far from his home in Perrins Walk. Dudley Moore attended Cook's memorial service at St John-at-Hampstead on 1 May 1995. He and Martin Lewis presented a two-night memorial for Cook at
The Improv The Improv is a comedy club franchise. It was founded as a single venue in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of New York City in 1963, and expanded into a chain of venues in the late 1970s. History Originally, it was a single venue founded in 1 ...
in Los Angeles, on 15 and 16 November 1995, to mark what would have been Cook's 58th birthday. Cook was an avid spectator of most sports and was a supporter of
Tottenham Hotspur Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, commonly referred to as Tottenham () or Spurs, is a professional association football, football club based in Tottenham, London, England. It competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English footba ...
football club, though he also maintained support for his hometown team
Torquay United Torquay United Football Club is a professional football club based in Torquay, Devon, England. The team currently compete in the , the fifth tier of English football. They have played their home matches at Plainmoor since 1921 and are nickna ...
.


Legacy

Cook is widely acknowledged as a strong influence on the many British comedians who followed him from the amateur dramatic clubs of British universities to the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, and then to radio and television. On his death, some critics choose to see Cook's life as tragic, insofar as the brilliance of his youth had not been sustained in his later years. However, Cook always maintained he had no ambitions for sustained success. He assessed happiness by his friendships and his enjoyment of life. Eric Idle said Cook had not wasted his talent, but rather that the newspapers had tried to waste him. Several friends honoured him with a dedication in the closing credits of ''Fierce Creatures'' (1997), a comedy film written by John Cleese about a zoo in peril of being closed. It starred Cleese alongside Jamie Lee Curtis, Kevin Kline, and Michael Palin. The dedication displays photos and the lifespan dates of Cook and of natural history, naturalist and humourist Gerald Durrell. In 1999, the minor planet 20468 Petercook, in the main asteroid belt, was named after Cook. Channel 4 broadcast ''Not Only But Always'', a television film dramatising the relationship between Cook and Moore, with Rhys Ifans portraying Cook. At the 2005 Edinburgh Festival Fringe, a play, ''Pete and Dud: Come Again'' written by Chris Bartlett (writer), Chris Bartlett and Nick Awde, examined the relationship from Moore's view. The play was transferred to London's West End at Leicester Square Theatre, The Venue in 2006 and toured the UK the following year. During the West End run, Tom Goodman-Hill starred as Cook, with Kevin Bishop as Moore. A green plaque to honour Cook was unveiled by the Westminster City Council and the Heritage Foundation at the site of The_Establishment_(club), the Establishment Club, at 18 Greek Street, on 15 February 2009. A blue plaque was unveiled by the Torbay Civic Society on 17 November 2014 at Cook's place of birth, "Shearbridge", Middle Warberry Road, Torquay, with his widow Lin and other members of the family in attendance. A further blue plaque was commissioned and erected at the home of Torquay United, Plainmoor, Torquay, in 2015.


Filmography

*''Bachelor of Hearts'' (1958) – Pedestrian in Street (uncredited) *''Ten Thousand Talents'' (short film, 1960) – voice *''What's Going on Here'' (TV film, 1963) *'' The Wrong Box'' (1966) – Morris Finsbury *''Alice in Wonderland (1966 TV play), Alice in Wonderland'' (TV film, 1966) – Mad Hatter *'' Bedazzled'' (1967) – George Spiggott / The Devil *''A Dandy in Aspic'' (1968) – Prentiss *''Monte Carlo or Bust!'' (released in the US as ''Those Daring Young Men in Their Jaunty Jalopies'') (1969) – Maj. Digby Dawlish *''The Bed Sitting Room (film), The Bed Sitting Room'' (1969) – Inspector *'' The Rise and Rise of Michael Rimmer'' (1970) – Michael Rimmer *''Behind the Fridge'' (TV film, 1971) – Various Characters *''An Apple a Day'' (TV film, 1971) – Mr Elwood Sr. *''The Adventures of Barry McKenzie'' (1972) – Dominic *''Saturday Night at the Baths'' (1975) – Himself, in theatre audience (uncredited) *''Find the Lady (1976 film), Find the Lady'' (1976) – Lewenhak *''Eric Sykes Shows a Few of Our Favourite Things'' (TV film, 1977) – Stagehand *''The Hound of the Baskervilles (1978 film), The Hound of the Baskervilles'' (1978) – Sherlock Holmes *''Derek and Clive Get the Horn'' (1979) – Clive *''Peter Cook & Co.'' (TV Special, 1980) – Various Characters *''Yellowbeard'' (1983) – Lord Percy Lambourn *'' Supergirl'' (1984) – Nigel *''Kenny Everett's Christmas Carol'' (TV movie, 1985) – Ghost of Christmas Yet To Come *''The Myth'' (1986) – Himself *''
The Princess Bride The Princess Bride may refer to: * ''The Princess Bride'' (novel), 1973 fantasy romance novel by American writer William Goldman William Goldman (August 12, 1931 – November 16, 2018) was an American novelist, playwright, and screenwriter. He ...
'' (1987) – The Impressive Clergyman *''Whoops Apocalypse (film), Whoops Apocalypse'' (1988) – Sir Mortimer Chris *''Without a Clue'' (1988) – Norman Greenhough *''Jake's Journey'' (TV movie, 1988) – King *''Getting It Right (film), Getting It Right'' (1989) – Mr Adrian *''Great Balls of Fire! (film), Great Balls of Fire!'' (1989) – First English Reporter *''The Craig Ferguson Story'' (TV film, 1991) – Fergus Ferguson *''Roger Mellie'' (1991) - Roger Mellie (voice) *''One Foot in the Algarve'' (1993 episode of '' One Foot in the Grave'') – Martin Trout *''Black Beauty (1994 film), Black Beauty'' (1994) – Lord Wexmire (final film role) *''Peter Cook Talks Golf Balls'' (video, 1994) – played four characters: Alec Dunroonie / Dieter Liedbetter / Major Titherly Glibble / Bill Rossi


TV series

*''Chronicle (British TV programme), Chronicle'' (1964) – presenter (one episode) *''A Series of Bird's'' (1967) – (1 episode) *'' Not Only... But Also'' (1965–70) – Various Characters (22 episodes) *''Not Only But Also. Peter Cook and Dudley Moore in Australia'' (miniseries, 1971) *''Thirty-Minute Theatre'' (1972) – Peter Trilby (1 episode) *''Revolver'' (1978) (8 episodes) *'' The Two of Us'' (1981–1982) – Robert Brentwood (20 episodes) *''The Black Adder'' (1983) – Richard III (first episode, " The Foretelling") *''Diplomatix'' (TV Short, 1985) – Narrator (voice) *''The Comic Strip Presents...'' (1988) – Mr Jolly (one episode) *''The Best of... What's Left of... Not Only... But Also'' (1990) – Pete / Himself / other characters (one episode) *''A Life in Pieces'' (TV Short, 1990) – Sir Arthur Streeb-Greebling (12 episodes) *''Roger Mellie: The Man on the Telly'' (1991) – Roger Mellie (voice) *''Gone to Seed'' (1992) – Wesley Willis (six episodes) *''
Arena An arena is a large enclosed platform, often circular or oval-shaped, designed to showcase theatre, musical performances, or sporting events. It is composed of a large open space surrounded on most or all sides by tiered seating for spectator ...
'' (1993) – himself (two episodes)


Amnesty International Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. The organization says it has more than ten million members and s ...
performances

*''
Pleasure at Her Majesty's ''A Poke in the Eye (With a Sharp Stick)'' is the title of the first show in what later became the '' Secret Policeman's Ball'' series of benefit shows for human rights organization Amnesty International, although it pre-dated by three years t ...
'' (1976) *''The Secret Policeman's Ball#1977 - The Mermaid Frolics, The Mermaid Frolics'' (1977) *'' The Secret Policeman's Ball'' (1979) *''The Secret Policeman's Private Parts'' (1981) - Intro narrator *''The Secret Policeman's Biggest Ball'' (1989) *''The Best of Amnesty: Featuring the Stars of Monty Python'' (1999)


Discography

UK Singles Chart, UK chart singles: *"The Ballad of Spotty Muldoon" (1965) *"Goodbye-ee" (1965) (both with Dudley Moore) Albums: * ''Bridge on the River Wye'' (1962) * ''The Misty Mr. Wisty'' (1965) Decca LK 4722 * ''Peter Cook and Dudley Moore Cordially Invite You to Go to Hell!'' (1967) * ''Behind the Fridge'' (with Dudley Moore) (1972) Aus #35 * ''Derek and Clive (Live)'' (with Dudley Moore) (1976) * ''Derek and Clive Come Again'' (with Dudley Moore) (1977) * ''Derek and Clive Ad Nauseam'' (with Dudley Moore) (1978)


References


Further reading

* * * * * * * * * * * * *Richard Mills, (2010). Pop half-cocked: a history of "Revolver". In Inglis, Ian, (ed). Popular Music and Television in Britain. Ashgate, Farnham, pp. 149 - 160. *


External links

*
The EstablishmentLengthy 1988 KCRW radio interview in 3 parts "Bob Claster's Funny Stuff" including many excerpts.Mr Blint's AtticGood Evening
a Peter Cook Fansite incl. Gallery
The BBC Guide to Comedy: Not Only...But AlsoMissing-Episodes.com


script for one of Cook and Moore's most famous and oft-performed sketches. * {{DEFAULTSORT:Cook, Peter Peter Cook, 20th-century English male actors 1937 births 1995 deaths Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge Comedians from Devon Deaths from gastrointestinal hemorrhage English male comedians English male film actors English male television actors English satirists English television writers Grammy Award winners Male actors from Devon People educated at Radley College Writers from Torquay Private Eye contributors English male writers English social commentators Decca Records artists British male television writers 20th-century English screenwriters Special Tony Award recipients Actors from Torquay