Phonology
Vowels
Close vowels /i u/ typically are articulated as more open � ʊand are realized as more closed when represented by different tones. The close back vowel /ɯ/ tends to be articulated as �when present in vowel clusters following /u/, or when preceding the /j/ consonant, and may also have a higher central sound. The mid back vowel /ɤ/ tends to be articulated as �or �when preceding a /w/ consonant. The low central vowel /a/ tends to be realized as �following /i/ when one of the consonants /t l n/ occurs. Each vowel can be nasalized as /ĩ ɯ̃ ũ ɛ̃ ɤ̃ õ ã/. The language is unusual in having, for some speakers, a three-way contrast between non- nasalized, lightly nasalized, and heavily nasalized vowels. Stress tones may include either high or low /v́ v̀/ tones.Consonants
References
{{Oto-Manguean languages Chinantec languages