Paciano Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (March 9, 1851 – April 13, 1930) was a Filipino general and revolutionary, and the older brother of

José Rizal José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (, ; June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist, writer and polymath active at the end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is considered the national h ...

, the national hero of the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

Early life

Paciano Rizal was born to Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro (1818–1897) and Teodora Morales Alonso y Quintos (1827–1911; whose family later changed their surname to "Realonda"), as the second of eleven children born to a wealthy family in the town of Calamba, Laguna. He grew up witnessing the abuses of the clergy and the

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...

colonial government. As a young student, together with Felipe Buencamino and Gregorio Sancianco, Paciano was a founding member of ''La Juventud Liberal'', a reformist student organization that worked under the direction of the Comite de Reformadores, among whose leaders was Padre

José Burgos José Apolonio Burgos y García was a Filipino Catholic priest, accused of mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in the Philippines in the 19th century. He was tried and executed in Manila along with two other clergymen, Mariano Gomez a ...

. Among their tasks was to secretly distribute copies of the reformist paper, ''El Eco Filipino'', while pretending to be purveyors of horse fodder (zacateros). Burgos, who was Paciano's friend and teacher, was later implicated in the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and summarily executed.

Revolutionary

Paciano joined and actively supported Propaganda Movement for social reforms, and supported the Movement's newspaper, '' Diariong Tagalog''. An avid supporter of the movement, he did tasks such as collecting funds to finance the said organization, and solicited money for the nationalist paper. In January 1897, after his younger brother's execution, Paciano joined General

Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (: March 22, 1869February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is the youngest president of the Philippines (1899–1901) and is recognized as the first president of the Philippine ...

Cavite Cavite, officially the Province of Cavite ( tl, Lalawigan ng Kabite; Chavacano: ''Provincia de Cavite''), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Located on the southern shores of Manila Bay and southw ...

. He was appointed brigadier general of the revolutionary forces, and was elected Secretary of Finance in the Departmental Government of

Central Luzon Central Luzon ( pam, (Reyun ning) Kalibudtarang Luzon, pag, (Rehiyon na) Pegley na Luzon, tgl, (Rehiyon ng) Gitnang Luzon, ilo, (Rehion/Deppaar ti) Tengnga ti Luzon), designated as Region III, is an administrative region in the Philippines, ...

. During the

Philippine–American War The Philippine–American War or Filipino–American War ( es, Guerra filipina-estadounidense, tl, Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano), previously referred to as the Philippine Insurrection or the Tagalog Insurgency by the United States, was an arm ...

(1899–1913), he commanded the Filipino forces in Laguna. U.S. troops captured him in Laguna on 1900. He was released soon after, and he settled in the town of

Los Baños, Laguna Los Baños, officially the Municipality of Los Baños ( tgl, Bayan ng Los Baños), colloquialy 'elbi' or simply LB, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 115,353 ...

Death

He lived a quiet life as a gentleman farmer, and died on April 13, 1930 at the age of 79 of tuberculosis.

Popular culture

* Portrayed by

Ping Medina Crispin "Ping" Chupungco Medina Jr. (born July 23, 1983) is a Filipino film actor. Medina is a contract artist of Star Magic. Career Medina is a prominent independent film actor in the Philippines. He debuted in Marilou Diaz-Abaya's film ''Jos ...

and

Pen Medina Crispin "Pen" Parungao Medina Sr. (born August 27, 1950, in Arayat, Pampanga) is an actor from the Philippines who started acting in theater plays in his youth. He eventually played versatile roles on the big screen and in various television s ...

in the 1998 film, ''

Jose Rizal Jose is the English transliteration of the Hebrew and Aramaic name ''Yose'', which is etymologically linked to ''Yosef'' or Joseph. The name was popular during the Mishnaic and Talmudic periods. *Jose ben Abin *Jose ben Akabya * Jose the Ga ...

''. * Portrayed by

Joonee Gamboa Joonee Gamboa (born Jose Espineli Gamboa Jr.; August 7, 1936) is a Filipino actor. As veteran actor, he appeared in more than 145 movies and television shows. Life and career Gamboa won the Best Supporting Actor in the 1977 Metro Manila Film F ...

in the 1999 film, ''

Bayaning 3rd World ''Bayaning 3rd World'' () is a 1999 Philippine mockumentary film directed by Mike de Leon and written by De Leon and Clodualdo del Mundo Jr. It examines the heroism of Philippine national hero Jose Rizal, particularly on his supposed retraction ...

''. * Portrayed by

Marco Alcaraz Marco Antonio Faylona Alcaraz (; born July 12, 1983) is a Filipino actor, model, and former varsity basketball player at San Sebastian College-Recoletos. His first movie was '' Aishite Imasu 1941: Mahal Kita'' with Dennis Trillo. He wed on Ju ...

in the 2014 TV series, ''

Ilustrado The Ilustrados (, "erudite", "learned" or "enlightened ones") constituted the Filipino educated class during the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century. Elsewhere in New Spain (of which the Philippines were part), the term ''gente de ...

''.

Ancestry

References