Pospelov (masculine, ) or Pospelova (feminine, ) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
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Aleksandra Pospelova (born 1998), Russian tennis player
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Maria V. Pospelova-Shtrom (1902–1991), Russian parasitologist
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Pyotr Pospelov (1898–1979), Soviet scientist and functionary
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Pospelov Commission
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Svetlana Pospelova (born 1979), Russian sprinter
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Dmytro Pospyelov (born 1991), Ukrainian soccer player
{{surname
Russian-language surnames