''Pogonophryne'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of marine
ray-finned fish
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...
es belonging to the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Artedidraconidae
The Artedidraconidae, barbeled plunderfishes, are a family of marine ray-finned fishes, notothenioids belonging to the Perciform suborder Notothenioidei. The family comprises four genera. These fishes are endemic to deep waters off Antarctica.
...
, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the
Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the world ocean, generally taken to be south of 60th parallel south, 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. With a size of , it is the seco ...
.
Taxonomy
''Pogonophryne'' was first described as a genus in 1914 by the
English ichthyologist
Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish, including bony fish (Osteichthyes), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), and jawless fish (Agnatha). According to FishBase, 35,800 species of fish had been described as of March 2 ...
Charles Tate Regan
Charles Tate Regan (1 February 1878 – 12 January 1943) was a British ichthyology, ichthyologist, working mainly around the beginning of the 20th century. He did extensive work on fish classification schemes.
Born in Sherborne, Dorset, he was ...
when he
described a new species of fish, ''Pogonophryne scotti'', which had been collected on the
Terra Nova Expedition
The ''Terra Nova'' Expedition, officially the British Antarctic Expedition, was an expedition to Antarctica which took place between 1910 and 1913. Led by Captain Robert Falcon Scott, the expedition had various scientific and geographical objec ...
in the
Ross Sea
The Ross Sea is a deep bay of the Southern Ocean in Antarctica, between Victoria Land and Marie Byrd Land and within the Ross Embayment, and is the southernmost sea on Earth. It derives its name from the British explorer James Clark Ross who ...
. ''P. scotti'' is, therefore, the
type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
of ''Pogonophryne'' by
monotypy
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ...
.
compound
Compound may refer to:
Architecture and built environments
* Compound (enclosure), a cluster of buildings having a shared purpose, usually inside a fence or wall
** Compound (fortification), a version of the above fortified with defensive struc ...
of ''pogonos'' meaning "beard", a reference to the barbel on the chin of ''P. scotti'', and "phryne" which means "toad", possibly an allusion to the bumps and knobs on the head, like the skin of a toad.
Species
There are currently 28 recognized species in this genus:Pogonophryne favosa
''Pogonophryne'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the Family (biology), family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean.
Taxonomy
''Pogonophryne'' was first described as a genus in 1 ...
'' Balushkin & Korolkova, 2013 [Balushkin, A.V. & Korolkova, E.D. (2013): New Species of Plunderfish ''Pogonophryne favosa'' sp. n. (Artedidraconidae, Notothenioidei, Perciformes) from the Cosmonauts Sea (Antarctica) with Description in Artedidraconids of Unusual Anatomical Structures–Convexitas Superaxillaris. ''Journal of Ichthyology, 53 (8): 562-574.'']
* '' Pogonophryne fusca'' Balushkin & Eakin, 1998 (Dusky plunderfish)
* '' Pogonophryne immaculata'' Eakin, 1981 (Spot-less plunderfish)
* '' Pogonophryne lanceobarbata'' Eakin, 1987 (Lance-beard plunderfish)
* '' Pogonophryne macropogon'' Eakin, 1981 (Great-beard plunderfish)
* '' Pogonophryne maculiventrata'' Spodareva & Balushkin, 2014 (Spot-belly plunderfish) [Spodareva, V.V. & Balushkin, A.V. (2014): Description of a new species of plunderfish of genus ''Pogonophryne'' (Perciformes: Artedidraconidae) from the Bransfield Strait (Antarctica) with a key for the identification of species of the group "marmorata". ''Journal of Ichthyology, 54 (1): 1-6.'']
* '' Pogonophryne marmorata'' Norman
Norman or Normans may refer to:
Ethnic and cultural identity
* The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 9th and 10th centuries
** People or things connected with the Norma ...
, 1938 (Marbled plunderfish)
* '' Pogonophryne mentella'' Andriashev, 1967 (Long-beard plunderfish)
* '' Pogonophryne neyelovi'' Shandikov & Eakin, 2013 (Hop-beard plunderfish) [Shandikov, G.A. & Eakin, R.R. (2013)]
''Pogonophryne neyelovi'', a new species of Antarctic short-barbeled plunderfish (Perciformes, Notothenioidei, Artedidraconidae) from the deep Ross Sea.
''ZooKeys, 296: 59–77.''
* '' Pogonophryne orangiensis'' Eakin & Balushkin, 1998 (Orange-beard plunderfish)
* '' Pogonophryne pallida'' Balushkin & Spodareva, 2015 (Pale plunderfish) [Balushkin, A.V. & Spodareva, V.V. (2015): New species of the toad plunderfish of the "albipinna" group, genus ''Pogonophryne'' (Artedidraconidae) from the Ross Sea (Antarctica). ''Journal of Ichthyology, 55 (6): 757-764.'']
* '' Pogonophryne pavlovi'' Balushkin, 2013 (Pavlov's plunderfish) [Balushkin, A.V. (2013)]
A new species of ''Pogonophryne'' (Perciformes: Notothenioidei: Artedidraconidae) from the deep Ross Sea, Antarctica.
''Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 317 (2): 119-124.''
* '' Pogonophryne permitini'' Andriashev, 1967 (Fine-spotted plunderfish)
* '' Pogonophryne platypogon'' Eakin, 1988 (Flat-beard plunderfish)
* '' Pogonophryne sarmentifera'' Balushkin & Spodareva, 2013 [Balushkin, A.V. & Spodareva, V.V. (2013): ''Pogonophryne sarmentifera'' sp. nov. (Artedidraconidae; Notothenioidei; Perciformes) – the deep-water species of Antarctic plunderfishes from the Ross Sea (Southern Ocean). ''Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 317 (3): 275-281.'']
* '' Pogonophryne scotti'' Regan, 1914 (Saddle-back plunderfish)
* '' Pogonophryne skorai'' Balushkin & Spodareva, 2013 [Balushkin, A.V. & Spodareva, V.V. (2013): ''Pogonophryne skorai'' sp. n. (Perciformes: Artedidraconidae), a new species of toadlike plunderfish from the Bransfield Strait and coastal waters of the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica). ''Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 39 (3): 196–201.'']
* '' Pogonophryne squamibarbata'' Eakin & Balushkin, 2000 (Scale-beard plunderfish)
* '' Pogonophryne stewarti'' Eakin, Eastman & Near
NEAR or Near may refer to:
People
* Thomas J. Near, US evolutionary ichthyologist
* Near, a developer who created the higan emulator
Science, mathematics, technology, biology, and medicine
* National Emergency Alarm Repeater (NEAR), a form ...
, 2009 (Stewart's plunderfish)
* '' Pogonophryne tronio'' Shandikov, Eakin & Usachev, 2013 (Turquoise plunderfish) [Shandikov, G.A., Eakin, R.R. & Usachev, S. (2013)]
''Pogonophryne tronio'', a new species of Antarctic short-barbeled plunderfish (Perciformes: Notothenioidei: Artedidraconidae) from the deep Ross Sea with new data on Pogonophryne brevibarbata.
''Polar Biology, 36 (2): 273-289.''
* '' Pogonophryne ventrimaculata'' Eakin, 1987 (Spot-belly plunderfish)
Characteristics
''Pogonophryne'' plunderfishes have a broad head which is flattened with post-temporal ridges which vary from weakly to well developed. They have a snout which is longer than the diameter of the eye and a broad space between the eyes. The mental barbel, the barbel on the chin which characterises the barbeled plunderfishes, is tapered to a point or expanded at its tip to a varying extent and frequently has branched or simple processes. The pper lateral line
The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ (LLO), is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water. The sensory ability is achieved via modified epithelia ...
has tubular scales at the front and disc-shaped scales towards the back. The middle lateral line normally has disc¬shaped scales to the front and tubular scales to the rear, frequently these are interspersed with disc-shaped scales.standard length
Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of fish anatomy, their anatomies, for data used in many areas of ichthyology, including Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and fishery biology.
Overall length
Standard length (SL) is ...
of in ''P. albipinna'' to a total length
Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies, for data used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fishery biology.
Overall length
Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish measured f ...
of in ''P. neyelovi''.[
]
Distribution, habitat and biology
''Pogonophryne'' plunderfishes are found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica reaching as far north as the South Shetland Islands
The South Shetland Islands are a group of List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands, Antarctic islands located in the Drake Passage with a total area of . They lie about north of the Antarctic Peninsula, and between southwest of the n ...
.[ They are bathydemersal or bathypelagic][ in deeper water typically at depths greater than . Their biology is little known but they are known to feed on polychaetes and crustaceans such as mysids, isopods and copepods.][
]
References
{{Authority control
Artedidraconidae
Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan
Marine fish genera