''Platymantis'' is a genus of

frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely semiaquatic group of short-bodied, tailless amphibian vertebrates composing the order (biology), order Anura (coming from the Ancient Greek , literally 'without tail'). Frog species with rough ski ...

s in the family

Ceratobatrachidae The Ceratobatrachidae are a family of frogs found in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, the Philippines, Palau, Fiji, New Guinea, and the Admiralty Islands, Admiralty, Bismarck Islands, Bismarck, and Solomon Islands (archipelago), Solomon Islands. Tax ...

. They are commonly known as wrinkled ground frogs, ground frogs, and forest frogs. As currently defined, ''Platymantis'' is a large genus with up to as many as 60 species found mostly in the

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

. However, it is known to be

paraphyletic Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In co ...

. Solving this problem will likely lead to a more narrowly defined ''Platymantis'', possibly by transferring some species to a larger '' Ceratobatrachus'' (with '' Batrachylodes'').

Species

There are currently at least 30 extant species in this genus. Brown, et al. (2015) estimates that there may be a total of 50-60 species in ''Platymantis'' if all

cryptic species In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

were to be described. In addition, there is an extinct species: * '' Platymantis megabotoniviti'', Giant Fiji ground frog

Species moved to genus ''
Cornufer ''Cornufer'' is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It has been greatly expanded by Brown, et al. (2015) to include most Australasian frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. Species are found in Melanesia and Polynesia — in Pal ...
''

Brown, et al. (2015) moved the ''Platymantis'' species of

Oceania Oceania ( , ) is a region, geographical region including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Outside of the English-speaking world, Oceania is generally considered a continent, while Mainland Australia is regarded as its co ...

into the newly proposed genus ''

Cornufer ''Cornufer'' is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It has been greatly expanded by Brown, et al. (2015) to include most Australasian frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. Species are found in Melanesia and Polynesia — in Pal ...

''. Species in the

remained in ''Platymantis''. * '' Cornufer aculeodactylus'' Brown, 1952 * ''

Cornufer admiraltiensis ''Cornufer admiraltiensis'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the e ...

'' Richards, Mack & Austin, 2007 * '' Cornufer akarithymus'' Brown & Tyler, 1968 * ''

Cornufer batantae ''Cornufer batantae'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to West Papua, Indonesia, and is known from two islands near the New Guinean mainland, Batanta and Waigeo. There are also unconfirmed records from Yapen an ...

'' Zweifel, 1969 * '' Cornufer bimaculatus'' Günther, 1999 * '' Cornufer boulengeri'' (Boettger, 1892) * ''

Cornufer browni ''Cornufer browni'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea. It has been observed between 100 and 200 meters above sea level and between 1100 and 1300 meters above sea level. The adult male frog me ...

'' Allison & Kraus, 2001 * ''

Cornufer bufonulus ''Cornufer bufonulus'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Nakanai Mountains on New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea. This frog burrows into the leaf litter Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litte ...

'' Kraus and Allison, 2007 * ''

Cornufer caesiops ''Cornufer caesiops'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Nakanai Mountains on New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an isl ...

'' Kraus and Allison, 2009 * ''

Cornufer cheesmanae ''Cornufer cheesmanae'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is Endemism, endemic to New Guinea and found in the Cyclops Mountains (Papua (province), Papua, Indonesia) and Bewani Mountains (Papua New Guinea). The Specific name ...

'' Parker, 1940 * ''

Cornufer citrinospilus ''Cornufer citrinospilus'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea, and is only known from the Nakanai Mountains of East New Britain Province. The specific name ''citrino ...

'' Brown, Richards, and Broadhead, 2013 * '' Cornufer cryptotis'' Günther, 1999 * ''

Cornufer desticans ''Cornufer desticans'' is an arboreal frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. Scientists have seen it in two places: Barora Island and Choiseul Island, both in the Solomon Islands Solomon Islands, also known simply as the Solomons,John Pr ...

'' Brown & Richards, 2008 * ''

Cornufer gilliardi ''Cornufer gilliardi'', commonly known as Gilliard's wrinkled ground frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Whiteman Ranges of New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea). The specific name ''gil ...

'' Zweifel, 1960 * '' Cornufer guppyi'' (Boulenger, 1884) * '' Cornufer latro'' Richards, Mack & Austin, 2007 * '' Cornufer macrops'' (Brown, 1965) * '' Cornufer macrosceles'' Zweifel, 1975 * '' Cornufer magnus'' Brown & Menzies, 1979 (synonym: ''

Platymantis magna ''Cornufer magnus'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea. It lives as high above sea level as 1175 meters above sea level. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, ...

'') * '' Cornufer mamusiorum'' Foufopoulos and Brown, 2004 * '' Cornufer manus'' Kraus and Allison, 2009 * '' Cornufer mimica'' Brown & Tyler, 1968 * '' Cornufer nakanaiorum'' Brown, Foufopoulos, and Richards, 2006 * '' Cornufer neckeri'' (Brown & Myers, 1949) * '' Cornufer nexipus'' Zweifel, 1975 * '' Cornufer papuensis'' Meyer, 1875 * '' Cornufer parilis'' Brown & Richards, 2008 * '' Cornufer parkeri'' (Brown, 1965) * '' Cornufer pelewensis'' Peters, 1867 * '' Cornufer punctatus'' Peters & Doria, 1878 * '' Cornufer schmidti'' Brown & Tyler, 1968 * '' Cornufer solomonis'' (Boulenger, 1884) * '' Cornufer sulcatus'' Kraus and Allison, 2007 * '' Cornufer vitianus'' (Duméril, 1853) * '' Cornufer vitiensis'' (Girard, 1853) * '' Cornufer weberi'' Schmidt, 1932 * '' Cornufer wuenscheorum'' Günther, 2006

Endemic ranges

Many ''Platymantis'' species are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

to highly restricted geographical areas within the

. *Widespread ** ''

Platymantis corrugatus ''Platymantis corrugatus'' (Philippine wrinkled ground frog or rough-back forest frog) is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is found throughout the archipelago except Palawan. Its natura ...

'' ** ''

Platymantis dorsalis ''Platymantis dorsalis'' (Dumeril's wrinkled ground frog or common forest frog) is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the northern and central Philippines. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lo ...

'' *

Luzon Luzon ( , ) is the largest and most populous List of islands in the Philippines, island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the List of islands of the Philippines, Philippine archipelago, it is the economic and political ce ...

Northern Luzon Luzon ( , ) is the largest and most populous List of islands in the Philippines, island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the List of islands of the Philippines, Philippine archipelago, it is the economic and political ce ...

*** ''

Platymantis cagayanensis ''Platymantis cagayanensis'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is found along the north coast of Luzon Island and on Palaui Island. It has been observed as high as 200 meters above se ...

'':

Palaui Island The Palaui Island Protected Landscape and Seascape is an island that is a protected area and national park in the municipality of Santa Ana, Cagayan, Santa Ana in Cagayan, Philippines. It is located off the northeastern extremity of Luzon Island. ...

; NE

*** '' Platymantis sierramadrensis'': Sierra Madre *** '' Platymantis taylori'': Sierra Madre *** ''

Platymantis cornutus The horned forest frog or horned wrinkled ground frog (''Platymantis cornutus'') is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is found in the Central Cordilleras of northern Luzon. It has bee ...

'':

Cordillera Central (Luzon) The Cordillera Central or Cordillera Range is a massive mountain range long north–south and east-west situated in the north-central part of the island of Luzon, in the Philippines. The mountain range encompasses all provinces of the Cordil ...

*** '' Platymantis subterrestris'':

*** '' Platymantis pygmaeus'': northern

**Central Luzon *** ''

Platymantis biak ''Platymantis biak'', also known as the Luzon limestone forest frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the island of Luzon, the Philippines, where it is known from the Biak-na-Bato National Park, its type loc ...

'':

Biak-na-Bato National Park Biak-na-Bato National Park is a protected area of the Philippines located almost entirely within Barangay Biak-na-Bato in San Miguel, Bulacan from where it derives its name. The park also extends to the nearby municipalities of San Ildefonso ...

*** '' Platymantis polillensis'':

Polillo Island Polillo () is an island in the northeastern region of the Philippine archipelago. It is the largest island and the namesake of the Polillo Islands. It is separated from Luzon Island by the Polillo Strait and forms the northern side of Lamon ...

;

Aurora Province Aurora, officially the Province of Aurora (; ), is a province in the Philippines located in the eastern part of Central Luzon region, facing the Philippine Sea. Its capital is Baler and borders, clockwise from the south, the provinces of Quezon, B ...

*** '' Platymantis mimula'':

Mount Makiling Mount Makiling (also spelled Maquiling) is an inactive stratovolcano located in the provinces of Laguna and Batangas on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The mountain rises to an elevation of above mean sea level and is the highest feat ...

*** '' Platymantis banahao'':

Mount Banahaw Mount Banahaw (; also spelled as Banahao and Banájao) is an active complex volcano on Luzon in the Philippines. The three-peaked volcano is located at the boundary of Laguna and Quezon provinces. It is the highest mountain in both provinces ...

*** ''

Platymantis indeprensus ''Platymantis indeprensus'' is a species of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to Mount Banahaw, Philippines. It has been observed between 600 and 1400 meters above sea level. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical mo ...

'':

*** ''

Platymantis montanus ''Platymantis montanus'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to southwestern Luzon, the Philippines, and is known from its type locality, Mount Banahaw, and from Mount Apoy. Description Adult males measure and ...

'':

*** '' Platymantis naomii'':

*** '' Platymantis pseudodorsalis'':

*** '' Platymantis quezoni'':

Quezon Protected Landscape The Quezon Protected Landscape is a protected area in the Republic of the Philippines, spanning the municipalities of Pagbilao, Padre Burgos and Atimonan in Quezon province. The park is situated north of the narrowest section of Luzon in Quezo ...

Bicol Region The Bicol Region, designated as Region V, is an administrative region of the Philippines. It comprises six Provinces of the Philippines, provinces, four on the Bicol Peninsula (the luzon#Southeastern Luzon, southeastern end of Luzon): Albay, Ca ...

*** ''

Platymantis isarog ''Platymantis isarog'', sometimes known as the Isarog forest frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to southeastern Luzon, Philippines, where it is known from two volcanos, Mount Isarog (its type locality) and ...

'':

Mount Isarog Isarog is an List of active volcanoes in the Philippines, active stratovolcano located in the province of Camarines Sur, Camarines Sur, Philippines, on the island of Luzon. The mountain has active Fumarole, fumaroles and Hot spring, hot springs. It ...

*** ''

Platymantis diesmosi ''Platymantis diesmosi'' is a species of frogs that was first described by Brown and Gonzalez in 2007. It is endemic to the Philippines and is found on Malinao Volcano. Distribution and habitat ''Platymantis diesmosi'' has only been found on Mal ...

'':

Malinao Volcano Mount Malinao is a potentially active stratovolcano located in the Bicol Region of the Philippines. The volcano displays strong fumarolic activity which is harnessed for generating electricity. Located on its slope is Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant ...

*** '' Platymantis luzonensis'': SE

Visayas The Visayas ( ), or the Visayan Islands (Bisayan languages, Visayan: ''Kabisay-an'', ; Filipino language, Filipino: ''Kabisayaan'' ), are one of the three Island groups of the Philippines, principal geographical divisions of the Philippines, a ...

** '' Platymantis lawtoni'':

Romblon Romblon (, , ), officially the Province of Romblon, is an archipelagic province of the Philippines located in the Mimaropa region. Its main components include Romblon, an archipelagic municipality of the same name that also serves as the provi ...

** '' Platymantis levigata'':

** ''

Platymantis insulatus ''Platymantis insulatus'' is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is Endemism, endemic to the Islas de Gigantes, Gigante Islands just northeast of Panay, the Philippines. This frog is variously known as the Gigantes wrinkled grou ...

'': South Gigante Island near

Panay Panay is the sixth-largest and fourth-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total land area of and a total population of 4,542,926, as of 2020 census. Panay comprises 4.4 percent of the entire population of the country. The City of Il ...

** ''

Platymantis paengi ''Platymantis paengi'', the Panay limestone frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It is only known from Mount Lihidan, a limestone karst mountain of Pandan, Antique Province, Panay Panay ...

'':

Pandan, Antique Pandan, officially the Municipality of Pandan (; ; Aklanon language, Aklanon: ''Banwa it Pandan''; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Antique (province), Antique, Philippines. According ...

** '' Platymantis panayensis'':

** ''

Platymantis negrosensis The Negros forest frog (''Platymantis negrosensis'') is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to Panay and Negros, Philippines. It has been observed between 200 and 1800 meters above sea level. Appearance This frog ...

'':

;

Negros Negros (, , ) is the fourth largest and third most populous island in the Philippines, with a total land area of . The coastal zone of the southern part of Negros is identified as a site of highest marine biodiversity importance in the Coral Tr ...

** '' Platymantis hazelae'':

** '' Platymantis spelaea'': southern

** '' Platymantis bayani'': Taft, Eastern Samar ** '' Platymantis rabori'':

Bohol Bohol (), officially the Province of Bohol (; ), is an island province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas Regions of the Philippines, region, consisting of the island itself and 75 minor surrounding islands. It is home to Bohola ...

;

Leyte Leyte ( ) is an island in the Visayas group of islands in the Philippines. It is eighth-largest and sixth-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 2,626,970 as of 2020 census. Since the accessibility of land has been ...

;

Mindanao Mindanao ( ) is the List of islands of the Philippines, second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and List of islands by population, seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the ...

** '' Platymantis guentheri'':

;

References

External links

BITC / Species Descriptions - Example Platymantis
{{Authority control Ceratobatrachidae Amphibians of Asia Amphibians of the Philippines Amphibians of Oceania Amphibian genera Taxa named by Albert Günther

Species

Species moved to genus ''Cornufer ''Cornufer'' is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It has been greatly expanded by Brown, et al. (2015) to include most Australasian frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. Species are found in Melanesia and Polynesia — in Pal ...''

Endemic ranges

References

External links

Species moved to genus ''
Cornufer ''Cornufer'' is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It has been greatly expanded by Brown, et al. (2015) to include most Australasian frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. Species are found in Melanesia and Polynesia — in Pal ...
''