''Plagiobothrys'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small

herbaceous plant Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition o ...

s which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are

nutlet A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, many dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context, "nut" implies that the shell does not open ...

s. Although these plants are found predominantly in

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

and

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

, five

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

are known from

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

. Of the approximately 65 species described, more than 15 are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

Description

The inflorescence is coiled in bud, but generally elongates in fruit. The pedicels are generally 0–1 mm, and the flower is bisexual with the sepals fused below the middle.

Etymology

The genus name, ''Plagiobothrys'', is derived from Greek to mean "sideways pit" and describes the position of nutlet attachment scar.

Species

63 species are accepted. *''

Plagiobothrys acanthocarpus ''Plagiobothrys acanthocarpus'' is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name adobe popcornflower. It is native to California and northwestern sections of Mexico, where it can be found in moist areas on clay soil, ...

'' – adobe popcornflower *'' Plagiobothrys arizonicus'' – Arizona popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys armeriifolius ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *'' Plagiobothrys austiniae'' – Austin's popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys australasicus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

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Plagiobothrys bracteatus ''Plagiobothrys bracteatus'' is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name bracted popcornflower. Distribution It is native from Oregon throughout California into Baja California (Mexico). It can be found in a va ...

'' – bracted popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys calandrinioides ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

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Plagiobothrys campestris ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys canescens ''Plagiobothrys canescens'' is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name valley popcornflower. It is endemic to California, where it is a common wildflower in valley, foothill, desert, coastline, and canyon habita ...

'' – valley popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys chorisianus ''Plagiobothrys chorisianus'' is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name artist's popcornflower. It is endemic to California, where it can be found in and around the San Francisco Bay Area and parts of the coast ...

'' – artist's popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys collinus ''Plagiobothrys collinus'' is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name Cooper's popcornflower. Distribution The annual plant is native to California, Arizona, and northern Baja California (Mexico). It can be fo ...

'' – Cooper's popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys congestus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys corymbosus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys diffusus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known Common name, commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in ...

'' – San Francisco popcornflower *'' Plagiobothrys distantiflorus'' – California popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys figuratus ''Plagiobothrys figuratus'' is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name fragrant popcornflower. It is native to western North America from southern British Columbia to south-western Oregon,

'' – fragrant popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys germainii ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys glaber ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys glomeratus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys glyptocarpus ''Plagiobothrys glyptocarpus'' is a species of flowering plant in the Boraginaceae, borage family known by the common name sculptured popcornflower. It is native to Oregon and northern California, where it grows in moist woodland and grassland ha ...

'' – sculptured popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys gracilis ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *'' Plagiobothrys greenei'' – Greene's popcornflower *'' Plagiobothrys hirtus'' – rough popcornflower *'' Plagiobothrys hispidus'' – Cascade popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys humilis ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *'' Plagiobothrys humistratus'' – dwarf popcornflower *'' Plagiobothrys hystriculus'' *'' Plagiobothrys infectivus'' – dye popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys lamprocarpus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *'' Plagiobothrys leptocladus'' – finebranched popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys linifolius ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys lithocaryus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys macbridei ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known Common name, commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys mexicanus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *'' Plagiobothrys mollis'' – soft popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys muricatus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known Common name, commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in ...

'' (synonym '' Plagiobothrys fulvus'' ) – fulvous popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys myosotoides ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys nothofulvus ''Plagiobothrys nothofulvus'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae known by the common names rusty popcornflower and foothill snowdrops. It is native to western North America from Washington, and California, to northern Mexi ...

'' – rusty popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys oppositifolius ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

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Plagiobothrys orientalis ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys orthostatus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *'' Plagiobothrys parishii'' – Parish's popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys pedicellaris ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *'' Plagiobothrys plurisepaleus'' *'' Plagiobothrys polycaulis'' *'' Plagiobothrys pratensis'' *''

Plagiobothrys procumbens ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys pulchellus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys reticulatus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys salsus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys scouleri ''Plagiobothrys scouleri'' is a common species of flowering plant in the Boraginaceae, borage family known by the common name Scouler's popcornflower and white forget-me-not. It is native to North America, where it can be found from Alaska throug ...

'' – Scouler's popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys scriptus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *'' Plagiobothrys shastensis'' – Shasta popcornflower *'' Plagiobothrys stipitatus'' – stalked popcornflower *'' Plagiobothrys strictus'' – Calistoga popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys tenellus ''Plagiobothrys tenellus'' is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common names Pacific popcornflower and slender popcornflower. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Mexico, where it is a common ...

'' – Pacific popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys tener ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys torreyi ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys trachycarpus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys uliginosus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys uncinatus ''Plagiobothrys uncinatus'' is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common names Salinas Valley popcornflower and hooked popcornflower. It is endemic to the Central Coast Ranges of California, where it is known mainly ...

'' – Salinas Valley popcornflower *''

Plagiobothrys undulatus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

'' *''

Plagiobothrys verrucosus ''Plagiobothrys'' is a genus of flowering plants known commonly as popcorn flowers. These are small herbaceous plants which bear tiny white or yellow flowers. Their fruits are nutlets. Although these plants are found predominantly in North Ameri ...

Formerly placed here

*''

Amsinckiopsis kingii ''Amsinkiopsis'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the borage family consisting of the species ''Amsinckiopsis kingii'. A. kingii'' was previously considered part of the genus ''Plagiobothrys'', until phylogenetic study proved the ge ...

'' (as ''Plagiobothrys kingii'' ) – Great Basin popcornflower *''

Simpsonanthus jonesii ''Simpsonanthus jonesii'' is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name Mojave popcornflower. It is the sole species in genus ''Simpsonanthus''.Jepson Manual Treatment
Boraginaceae genera Taxa named by Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer Taxa named by Carl Anton von Meyer {{Boraginoideae-stub