Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (; 27 September 1827 – 4 November 1893) was a French politician, who served twice as

Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...

during the Third Republic.

Biography

He was born to French parents in

Geneva Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the ca ...

, Switzerland. After studying in his native town, Tirard became a

civil engineer A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering – the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating infrastructure while protecting the public and environmental health, as well as improving existing i ...

. After five years of government service he resigned to become a jewel merchant. His determined opposition to the empire, culminating in 1869 in a campaign in favour of the radical candidate opposed to Ollivier, was rewarded by his election as mayor of the 11th arrondissement of Paris and as deputy for the

Seine The Seine ( , ) is a river in northern France. Its drainage basin is in the Paris Basin (a geological relative lowland) covering most of northern France. It rises at Source-Seine, northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plat ...

. Nominated a member of the Commune, he protested against the tyranny of the central committee, and escaped from Paris to resume his place among the extreme

Left Left may refer to: Music * ''Left'' (Hope of the States album), 2006 * ''Left'' (Monkey House album), 2016 * ''Left'' (Helmet album), 2023 * "Left", a song by Nickelback from the album ''Curb'', 1996 Direction * Left (direction), the relativ ...

in the National Assembly at

Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; ) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, in the Yvelines, Yvelines Department of Île-de-France, Île-de-France region in Franc ...

. In 1876 he was returned for the 1st ''arrondissement'' of Paris to the Chamber of Deputies, and was re-elected next year. He specially devoted himself to finance, being for a short time president of the customs commission before his appointment as minister of agriculture and commerce in March 1879 in the Waddington cabinet. He held the same portfolio in the first Freycinet ministry (1879–1880) and in the

Jules Ferry Jules François Camille Ferry (; 5 April 183217 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican philosopher. He was one of the leaders of the Opportunist Republicans, Moderate Republicans and served as Prime Minister of France from 1880 to 18 ...

cabinet (1880–1881). He was minister of commerce in Freycinet's second cabinet (1882), of finance under E Duclerc (1882–1883), and under A Fallières (1883), retaining the same office in the second

ministry (1883–1885). When Carnot became president of the Republic in 1887 he asked Tirard to form a ministry. He had to deal with the Wilson scandal which had led to President Jules Grévy's downfall, and with the revisionist agitation of General Boulanger. His refusal to proceed to the revision of the constitution of 1875 led to his defeat on 30 March 1888. He returned to power next year, and decided to bring Boulanger and his chief supporters before the High Court, but the general's flight effectively settled the question. He also arrested Philippe, Duke of Orleans, who had visited France in disguise. He resigned office on 15 March 1890 on the question of the Franco-Turkish commercial treaty. He replaced Maurice Rouvier in Alexandre Ribot's cabinet (1892–1893) as minister of finance, and died in Paris.

Tirard’s 1st Ministry, 12 December 1887 – 3 April 1888

*Pierre Tirard – President of the Council and Minister of Finance * Émile Flourens – Minister of Foreign Affairs * François Auguste Logerot – Minister of War * Ferdinand Sarrien – Minister of the Interior * Armand Fallières – Minister of Justice * François de Mahy – Minister of Marine and Colonies * Leopold Faye – Minister of Public Instruction, Fine Arts, and Worship * Jules Viette – Minister of Agriculture *

Émile Loubet Émile François Loubet (; 30 December 183820 December 1929) was the 45th Prime Minister of France from February to December 1892 and later President of France from 1899 to 1906. Trained in law, he became Mayor (France), mayor of Montélimar, w ...

– Minister of Public Works * Lucien Dautresme – Minister of Commerce and Industry Changes *5 January 1888 – Jules François Émile Krantz succeeds Mahy as Minister of Marine and Colonies

Tirard’s 2nd Ministry, 22 February 1889 – 17 March 1890

*Pierre Tirard – President of the Council and Minister of Commerce and Industry * Eugène Spuller – Minister of Foreign Affairs * Charles de Freycinet – Minister of War * Ernest Constans – Minister of the Interior * Maurice Rouvier – Minister of Finance *

François Thévenet François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis. People with the given name * François Amoudruz (1926–2020), French resistance fighter * François-Marie Arouet (better known as Voltaire; ...

– Minister of Justice and Worship *

Benjamin Jaurès Admiral Constant Louis Jean Benjamin Jaurès (3 February 1823 – 13 March 1889) was a French Navy officer and politician. Born in Albi, Tarn (department), Tarn, he was a Senator for life (France), senator for life and active in Japan during ...

– Minister of Marine and Colonies. * Armand Fallières – Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts * Léopold Faye – Minister of Agriculture * Yves Guyot – Minister of Public Works Changes *14 March 1889 – Jules François Émile Krantz succeeds Jaurès as Minister of Marine. Premier Tirard becomes Minister of the Colonies, in addition to Minister of Commerce and Industry. *10 November 1889 –

Édouard Barbey Edouard Barbey (2 September 1831, Béziers – 26 March 1905, Paris) was a French politician. He also served in the French Navy The French Navy (, , ), informally (, ), is the Navy, maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the fou ...

succeeds Krantz as Minister of Marine. *1 March 1890 – Léon Bourgeois succeeds Constans as Minister of the Interior

References

;Attribution * {{DEFAULTSORT:Tirard, Pierre 1827 births 1893 deaths Politicians from Geneva Republican Union (France) politicians Prime ministers of France Ministers of commerce and industry of France Ministers of agriculture and commerce of France Ministers of commerce of France Finance ministers of France Members of the National Assembly (1871) Members of the 1st Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 2nd Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 3rd Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic French life senators Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery