''Phyteuma'' is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s in the family

Campanulaceae The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants bel ...

, native to

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

and

Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref>Altervista Flora Italiana, genere ''Phyteuma''
/ref> The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''

Campanula rapunculus ''Campanula rapunculus'', common name rampion bellflower, rampion, rover bellflower, or rapunzel, is a species of Campanula, bellflower (''Campanula'') in the family Campanulaceae. This species was once widely grown in Europe for its leaves, wh ...

''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of the fairy tale

Rapunzel "Rapunzel" ( ; ; or ) is a German fairy tale most notably recorded by the Brothers Grimm and it was published in 1812 as part of '' Children's and Household Tales'' (KHM 12). The Grimms' story was developed from the French literary fairy tale ...

. In the version collected by the

Brothers Grimm The Brothers Grimm ( or ), Jacob Grimm, Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm Grimm, Wilhelm (1786–1859), were Germans, German academics who together collected and published folklore. The brothers are among the best-known storytellers of Oral tradit ...

, it is said that "rapunzel" is the name given to a local variety of rampion. The species are

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of ...

perennial In horticulture, the term perennial ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also ...

plants, growing to 5–90 cm tall. The

leaves A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, ...

are alternate, petiolate, and vary in shape on a single plant, with larger, broader leaves at the base of the stem and smaller, narrower leaves higher up; the leaf margin is serrated. The flowers are produced in dense erect

panicle In botany, a panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. (softcover ). Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The branches of a p ...

s, each flower with a narrow, deeply five-lobed corolla, 1–2 cm or more long), mostly purple, sometimes pale blue, white or pink. The

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (angiosperms) that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particular have long propaga ...

is a capsule containing numerous small

seed In botany, a seed is a plant structure containing an embryo and stored nutrients in a protective coat called a ''testa''. More generally, the term "seed" means anything that can be Sowing, sown, which may include seed and husk or tuber. Seeds ...

Species

*''

Phyteuma × adulterinum ''Phyteuma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and Morocco. The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''Campanula rapunculus''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of t ...

'' - Germany, Czech Republic (P. nigrum × P. spicatum) *'' Phyteuma betonicifolium'' - Alps *''

Phyteuma charmelii ''Phyteuma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and Morocco. The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''Campanula rapunculus''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of t ...

'' - Morocco, Spain, France, Italy *''

Phyteuma confusum ''Phyteuma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and Morocco. The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''Campanula rapunculus''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of t ...

'' - Austria, Balkans *''

Phyteuma cordatum ''Phyteuma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and Morocco. The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''Campanula rapunculus''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of t ...

'' - French and Italian Alps *''

Phyteuma gallicum ''Phyteuma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and Morocco. The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''Campanula rapunculus''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of t ...

'' - France *''

Phyteuma globulariifolium ''Phyteuma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and Morocco. The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''Campanula rapunculus''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of t ...

'' - Pyrenees, Alps *''

Phyteuma hedraianthifolium ''Phyteuma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and Morocco. The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''Campanula rapunculus''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of t ...

'' Switzerland, northern Italy *''

Phyteuma hemisphaericum ''Phyteuma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and Morocco. The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''Campanula rapunculus''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of t ...

'' - Spain, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria *''

Phyteuma humile ''Phyteuma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and Morocco. The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''Campanula rapunculus''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of t ...

'' - France, Italy *''

Phyteuma × huteri ''Phyteuma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and Morocco. The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''Campanula rapunculus''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of t ...

'' Murr - Austrian Alps (P. betonicifolium × P. ovatum) *''

Phyteuma michelii ''Phyteuma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and Morocco. The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''Campanula rapunculus''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of t ...

'' - France, Italy *''

Phyteuma nigrum ''Phyteuma (P) nigrum'', the black rampion, is a relatively rare species of plant in the family Campanulaceae. ''P. nigrum'' is located in central to northern Europe, primarily concentrated in Scandinavia. Much progress is yet to be made in form ...

'' - Black rampion - France, Belgium, Germany, Czech Republic, Austria *''

Phyteuma × obornyanum ''Phyteuma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and Morocco. The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''Campanula rapunculus''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of t ...

'' - Austrian Alps (P. confusum × P. globulariifolium) *''

Phyteuma orbiculare Phyteuma orbiculare, common name round-headed rampion or Pride of Sussex, is a herbaceous perennial plant of the genus ''Phyteuma'' belonging to the family Campanulaceae. Description ''Phyteuma orbiculare'' reaches on average of height. A deep ...

'' - Round-headed rampion - most of Europe except Ireland, Scandinavia, Greece, Bulgaria *'' Phyteuma × orbiculariforme'' - Czech Republic (P. nigrum × P. orbiculare) *'' Phyteuma ovatum'' - Pyrenees, Alps *'' Phyteuma persicifolium'' - Slovenia, Austria, Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia *''

Phyteuma × pyrenaeum ''Phyteuma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and Morocco. The common name is rampion, a name shared with the related plant ''Campanula rapunculus''. Rampion features prominently in some versions of t ...

'' Sennen - French Pyrenees (P. ovatum × P. spicatum) *'' Phyteuma rupicola'' - French Pyrenees *'' Phyteuma scheuchzeri'' - Alps; naturalised in Great Britain *'' Phyteuma scorzonerifolium'' Vill. - Alps *'' Phyteuma serratum'' Viv. - Corsica *'' Phyteuma sieberi'' - Alps *''

Phyteuma spicatum ''Phyteuma spicatum'', the spiked rampion, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Campanulaceae. It is common across much of Europe. Its common names include ''raiponce en épi'' (French), ''Ährige Teufelskralle'' (German), ''Ährige Rap ...

'' - Spiked rampion - most of Europe *'' Phyteuma tetramerum'' - Carpathians of Romania and Ukraine *'' Phyteuma vagneri'' - Carpathians of Romania and Ukraine *'' Phyteuma zahlbruckneri''

References

{{Authority control Campanuloideae Campanulaceae genera