__NOTOC__ Peter of Hispania (; Portuguese and ; century) was the author of the ', later known as the ', an important

medieval university A medieval university was a corporation organized during the Middle Ages for the purposes of higher education. The first Western European institutions generally considered to be universities were established in present-day Italy, including the K ...

textbook on

Aristotelian logic In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to formal logic that began with Aristotle and was developed further in ancient history mostly b ...

. As the Latin ''

Hispania Hispania was the Ancient Rome, Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two Roman province, provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divide ...

'' was considered to include the entire

Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, comprisin ...

, he is traditionally and usually identified with the medieval Portuguese

scholar A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a termina ...

and ecclesiastic Peter Juliani, who was elected

Pope John XXI Pope John XXI (, , ; – 20 May 1277), born Pedro Julião (), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 September 1276 to his death in May 1277. He is the only ethnically Portuguese pope in history.Richard P. McBrien, ...

in 1276. The identification is sometimes disputed, usually by

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...

authors, who claim the author of the ' was a Castilian Blackfriar. He is also sometimes identified as Petrus Ferrandi Hispanus ( 1254 1259).

Life

The author of the ' is assumed to have studied under John Pagus.

Philosophical works

There are a large volume of manuscripts and printed editions of the ', indicative of its great success throughout

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

an universities well into the seventeenth century. The most recent edition is Peter of Hispania (Petrus Hispanus Portugalensis), ''Tractatus called afterwards Summule Logicales'', edited by Lambertus Marie de Rijk, Wijsgerige Teksten en Studies 22 (Assen: Van Gorcum, 1972). A later logical work of his is, in the most recent edition, Peter of Hispania (Petrus Hispanus Portugalensis), ''Syncategoreumata'', edited by Lambertus Marie de Rijk and translated by Joke Spruyt, Studien und Text zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 30 (New York: E. J. Brill, 1992). Peter of Hispania supported an investigation of teaching at the

University of Paris The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated wit ...

which resulted in the Parisian bishop's Condemnation of 1277, which denounced Aristotelian propositions which conflicted with church doctrine. :''Dialectica est ars artium, scientia scientiarum, ad omnium methodorum principia viam habens; sola enim dialectica probabiliter disputat de principiis omnium aliarum scientiarum, et ideo in acquisitione omnium aliarum scientiarum dialectica debet esse prior.'' "Dialectic hat is, logic, in Peter's terminologyis the art of arts, science of sciences, having the way to the principles of all methods; for in fact dialectic alone credibly argues about the principles of all other sciences, and therefore in ne'sacquisition (learning) of all other sciences dialectic must be prior." — Peter of Hispania.

Medical works

A Petrus Hispanus, usually identified as the same scholar, was also credited as the author of a ''Commentary on Isaac'', one of the foundational texts of

clinical pharmacology Clinical pharmacology is "that discipline that teaches, does research, frames policy, gives information and advice about the actions and proper uses of medicines in humans and implements that knowledge in clinical practice". Clinical pharmacology ...

. A Pedro Hispano was also credited with the ''Treasury of The Poor'' ('), a comprehensive medical manual of diseases and remedies.

English translations

* ''Peter of Spain Summaries of Logic'', Text, Translation, Introduction, and Notes by Brian P. Copenhaver, Calvin G. Normore, Terence Parsons, New York, Oxford University Press, 2014. Another translation of Peter's Tractatus (=Summule Logicales) is Francis P. Dinneen, trans., ''Language in Dispute: An English Translation of Peter of Spain’s Tractatus called afterwards Summulae Logicales'', ed. L. M. De Rijk, Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, vol. 39, Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science 3 (Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990).

References

External links

*
Peter of Spain, Thesaurus Pauperum in Italian, Manuscript, ca. 1300-1320, at the Library of Congress
{{Authority control Medieval Portuguese physicians Portuguese science writers Logicians Scholastic philosophers 13th-century writers in Latin 13th-century philosophers Textbook writers 13th-century physicians