A national research and education network (NREN) is a specialised

internet service provider An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides a myriad of services related to accessing, using, managing, or participating in the Internet. ISPs can be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, no ...

dedicated to supporting the needs of the

research Research is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge. It involves the collection, organization, and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to ...

and

education Education is the transmission of knowledge and skills and the development of character traits. Formal education occurs within a structured institutional framework, such as public schools, following a curriculum. Non-formal education als ...

communities within a country. It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed

backbone network A backbone or core network is a part of a computer network which interconnects networks, providing a path for the exchange of information between different LANs or subnetworks. A backbone can tie together diverse networks in the same buildin ...

, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects. In recent years, with the widespread availability of high-speed internet services, their importance has diminished, although many NRENs have expanded their remit of services to include areas such as trust and identity, security, automation, and cloud offerings.

List of NRENs by geographic area

East and Southern Africa

UbuntuNet Alliance for Research and Education Networking :''UbuntuNet Alliance is not to be confused with Ubuntu Linux'' UbuntuNet Alliance for Research and Education Networking (also known as UbuntuNet Alliance) is the regional Research and Education Network of Eastern and Southern Africa. It was foun ...

- the Alliance of NRENs of East and Southern Africa * Eb@le - DRC NREN *

EthERNet Ethernet ( ) is a family of wired computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 198 ...

- Ethiopian NREN * iRENALA - Malagasy NREN * KENET - Kenyan NREN
MAREN
- Malawian NREN * MoRENet - Mozambican NREN *

RENU Renu may refer to: * ReNu, a brand of soft contact lens care products * Renu (footballer), Indian footballer * Renu (boxer), Indian boxer * Renadive, Indian cinematographer See also * Renuka (disambiguation) {{disambig ...

- Ugandan NREN * RwEdNet - Rwanda NREN * SomaliREN - Somali NREN
SudREN
- Sudanese NREN * TENET/

SANReN SANReN (South African National Research Network) is the project to create a new National Research and Education Network in South Africa. However, unlike most other NRENs, SANReN will provide its clients with both connectivity to the world's res ...

- South African NREN * TERNET - Tanzanian NREN * Xnet - Namibian NREN * ZAMREN - Zambian NREN

North Africa

ASREN
- Arab States Research and Education Network * TUREN - Tunisian NREN *

MARWAN Marwan, Merwan or Marwen or Mervan () is an Arabic male given name derived from the word ''maruww'' () with the meaning of either minerals, 'flint(-stone)', 'quartz"' or 'hard stone of nearly pure silica'. However, the Arabic name for quartz is ' ...

- Moroccan NREN * ENREN - Egyptian NREN
ARN (Algeria)
- Algerian NREN * SudREN - Sudanese NREN
SomaliREN
- Somali NREN

West and Central Africa

WACREN
- West and Central African Research and Education Network
GARNET
- Ghanaian NREN
TogoRER
- Togolese NREN
GhREN
- Ghanaian NREN * MaliREN - Mali NREN
Niger-REN
- Nigerien NREN * RITER - Côte d'Ivoire NREN * SnRER - Senegalese NREN
NgREN
- Nigerian NREN
Eko-Konnect Research and Education Network
- Nigerian NREN * LRREN - Liberia Research and Education Network

Asia Pacific

APAN Apan is a city and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo, in central-eastern Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 346.9 km2. Overview-Twin Towns-sister Cities As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 39,247. It was a ...

- Asia-Pacific Advanced Network *

AARNet AARNet (Australian Academic and Research Network) provides Internet services to the Australian education and research communities and their research partners. AARNet built the Internet in Australia. In 1995, the Australian Vice-Chancellors' C ...

- Australian NREN * AfgREN - Afghanistan NREN * BDREN - Bangladeshi NREN *

CSTNET CSTNET or China Science and Technology Network () offers Internet services to the Chinese education, research, scientific and technical communities, relevant government departments and hi-tech enterprises, providing services such as network access, ...

- China Science and Technology Network *

CERNET The China Education and Research Network (CERNET; ) is the first nationwide education and research computer network in China. The CERNET project is funded by the Chinese government and directly managed by the Chinese Ministry of Education. It is ...

- China Education and Research Network *

ERNET Education and Research Network (ERNET) is an autonomous scientific society of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India. ERNET has made a significant contribution to the emergence of networking in the country. ...

- Indian NREN * HARNET - Hong Kong NREN
KOREN
- Korean NREN
KREONET
Korean NREN
IDREN
- Indonesian NREN *

LEARN Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, value (personal and cultural), values, Attitude (psychology), attitudes, and preferences. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, non-human animals, and ...

- Sri Lankan NREN * SINET - Japanese NREN
MYREN
- Malaysian NREN * NKN - Indian NREN
NREN
- Nepal NREN
NREN
- Islamic Republic of Iran NREN * REANNZ - New Zealand NREN *

PERN ''Dragonriders of Pern'' is a science fantasy series written primarily by American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey, who initiated it in 1967. Beginning in 2003, her middle child Todd McCaffrey has written Pern novels, both solo and jointly with A ...

- Pakistani NREN * PREGINET - Philippine NREN * SingAREN - Singaporean NREN * TWAREN - Taiwanese NREN
UniNet
- Thai NREN * VinaRen - Vietnamese NREN
CamREN
Cambodia NREN
TEIN
- Trans Eurasia Information Network

North America

* United States – although advocated since the 1980s, the U.S. does not have one single NREN. : * Canada :

Latin America

New High-speed Fibre Optic Data Link to ALMA

RedCLARA CLARA (''Latin American Advanced Networks Cooperation'' in English, ''Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas'', in Spanish, the native language of the institution, and ''Cooperação Latino-Americana de Redes Avançadas'' in Portuguese) ...

- Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas (Association of Latin American NRENs)
Innova-Red
- Argentinian NREN * ADSIB - Bolivian NREN * RNP - Brazilian NREN
REUNA
- Chilean NREN
RENATA
- Colombian NREN
RedCONARE
- Costa Rican NREN
CEDIA
- Ecuadorian NREN * RAICES - El Salvadoran NREN * RAGIE - Guatemalan NREN *

Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana The Central American Technological University () (UNITEC) is a private coeducational institution with campuses in the three main cities of Honduras: Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula and La Ceiba. History UNITEC (Central American Technological Univers ...

(UNITEC) - Honduran NREN * CUDI - Mexican NREN * RENIA - Nicaraguan NREN * RedCyT - Panamanian NREN * Arandu - Paraguayan NREN * RAAP - Peruvian NREN * RAU - Uruguayan NREN * REACCIUN CNTI?- Venezuelan NREN

Caribbean

* C@ribNET - Caribbean NREN * TTRENT - Trinidad and Tobago NREN * JREN - Jamaica NREN * RADEI - NREN of the Dominican Republic

Europe

European Academic and Research Network The European Academic and Research Network (EARN) was a computer network connecting universities and research institutions across Europe, and was connected in 1983 via transatlantic circuits and a gateway funded by IBM to BITNET, its peer in the U ...

- Predecessor of

TERENA The Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association (TERENA, ) was a not-for-profit association of European national research and education networks (NRENs) incorporated in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The association was originally ...

after merging with RARE *

GÉANT GÉANT (''Gigabit European Academic Network'') is the pan-European data network for the research and education community. It interconnects national research and education networks (NRENs) across Europe, enabling collaboration on projects rangin ...

- Develops and maintains the

backbone network on behalf of European NRENs. Formerly

DANTE Dante Alighieri (; most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri; – September 14, 1321), widely known mononymously as Dante, was an Italian Italian poetry, poet, writer, and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called ...

and

. * CEENet - Central and Eastern European Research Networking Association * Eumedconnect - South Mediterranean Backbone
ANA
Albanian NREN * ASNET-AM - Armenian NREN *

ACOnet ACOnet is the name of the national research and education network in Austria. The ACONET association promotes the development and use of that network. ACOnet is not managed and operated by ACONET, but by a unit in the Computing Centre of the Unive ...

- Austrian NREN
AzScienceNet
Azerbaijan NREN
BASNET
- Belarus NREN *

Belnet Belnet (the Belgian National research and education network) is a Belgian internet provider for educational institutions, research centres, scientific institutes and government services. Since 1993, BELNET provides web services to higher educat ...

- Belgian NREN *

BREN The Bren gun (Brno-Enfield) was a series of light machine guns (LMG) made by the United Kingdom in the 1930s and used in various roles until 1992. While best known for its role as the British and Commonwealth forces' primary infantry LMG in Wor ...

- Bulgarian NREN * CESNET - Czech NREN * CARNET - Croatian NREN * CYNET - Cypriot NREN * SURF - Dutch NREN * EENet - Estonian NREN * RENATER - French NREN *

Deutsches Forschungsnetz Deutsches Forschungsnetz ("German Research Network"), usually abbreviated to DFN, is the German national research and education network (NREN) used for academic and research purposes. It is managed by the scientific community organized in the vol ...

(DFN) - German NREN * GRENA - Georgian NREN * GRNET - Greek NREN * Pro-M/NIIF Program - Hungarian NREN * HEAnet - Irish NREN *

GARR Garr may refer to: *Allen Garr, journalist, author, and journalism instructor based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada *Dixie Garr (born 1956), African-American computer engineer *Ralph Garr (born 1945), former Major League Baseball player * ...

- Italian NREN * KazRENA - Kazakhstan NREN * SigmaNet - Latvian NREN *

LITNET LITNET is Lithuanian Research and Education Network in Lithuania. It was established in 1991 and had X.25 satellite connectivity to University of Oslo. LITNET NOC is located in Kaunas University of Technology The Kaunas University of Techn ...

- Lithuanian NREN * RESTENA - Luxembourg NREN * MARNET - Macedonian NREN
RiċerkaNet
- Maltese NREN * RENAM - Moldovian NREN * MREN - Montenegro NREN * SURF - Netherlands NREN (formerly SURFnet) *

PIONIER Pionier may refer to: * PIONIER, the Polish academic network * ''Pionier'', the German-language paper published by Karl Heinzen * PIONIER (VLTI), an instrument at the VLTI astronomical observatory * "Pioniere", combat engineering A combat eng ...

(PSNC) - Polish NREN * FCCN - Portuguese NREN * RoEduNet - Romanian NREN * RUNNet - Russian NREN * AMRES - Serbian NREN *

ARNES Arnes may refer to: * ARNES, Academic and Research Network of Slovenia * Arnes, Manitoba, Canada ** Arnes Airport, located northeast of Arnes, Manitoba, Canada * Arnes, Terra Alta, a town in Catalonia, Spain * Årnes, the administrative centre of ...

- Slovenian NREN * SANET - Slovakian NREN * RedIRIS - Spanish NREN *

SWITCH In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most common type o ...

- Swiss NREN * ULAKBIM - Turkish NREN
URAN
- Ukrainian NREN *

Jisc Jisc is a United Kingdom not-for-profit organisation that provides network and IT services and digital resources in support of further and higher education and research, as well as the public sector. Its head office is based in Bristol with ...

- United Kingdom NREN, operator of the

Janet Janet may refer to: Names * Janet (given name) Surname * Charles Janet (1849–1932), French engineer, inventor and biologist, known for the Left Step periodic table * Jules Janet (1861–1945), French psychologist and psychotherapist * Maur ...

network
KREN
- Kosovo NREN

Nordic countries

NORDUnet NORDUnet is an international collaboration between the national research and education networks in the Nordic countries. Members The members of NORDUnet are: * SUNET of Sweden * UNINETT of Norway * FUNET of Finland * Forskningsnettet of D ...

- Nordic backbone network ** DeiC - Danish NREN **

FUNET FUNET is the Finnish University and Research Network, a backbone network providing Internet connections for Finnish universities and polytechnics as well as other research facilities. It is governed by the state-owned CSC – IT Center for S ...

- Finnish NREN ** RHnet - Icelandic NREN **

SUNET SUNET is the Swedish University Computer Network. SUNET provides high-speed Internet access to academic institutions in Sweden. The current incarnation of the network, Sunet C, provides 100 Gbit/s links between the cities hosting universities. It ...

- Swedish NREN ** Sikt - Norwegian NREN

Middle East

* /www.maeen.sa MaeenSaudi Arabia NREN * Eumedconnect - Mediterranean/North African Backbone * ANKABUT UAE NREN * OMREN Omani NREN * IUCC - Israeli NREN * JUnet Jordanian NREN * IRAN SHOA Iranian NREN * PALNREN Palestinian NREN * Lebanon * Birzeit Uni/AlQuds Palestinian Authority * QNREN - Qatar NREN * HIAST Syrian NREN

Central Asia

* RUNNet - Russian University Network, Russian NREN * ASNET-AM - Armenian
AzScienceNet
Azerbaijan NREN * GRENA - Georgian NREN * KazRENA - Kazakhstan NREN * KRENA - Kyrgyzian NREN * TuRENA - Turkmenistan NREN * UZSCINET - Uzbekistan NREN

References

External links

Terena Compendium

Research and Education Networking FAQ
{{Authority control * Higher education organizations Internet terminology Research and development organizations