Pattani, also known as Manchad, is an endangered Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

state State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...

Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh (; Sanskrit: ''himācāl prādes;'' "Snow-laden Mountain Province") is a States and union territories of India, state in the northern part of India. Situated in the Western Himalayas, it is one of the thirteen Indian Himalayan ...

Names

The language has a variety of names, the most prominent being Manchati, Manchad kad, Patani, Mellog kad, Chamba Lahuli, Swangla, Songloboli or Changsapa Boli. Its native name is ''Hendubhashe''. The Indian census erroneously includes the language as a dialect of Gujarati.

Distribution

Pattani is spoken in the Lahul Valley, Pattan, Chamba-Lahul, and lower Mayar valleys. There are also some speakers in

Kullu Kullu () is a municipal council town that serves as the administrative headquarters of the Kullu district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is located on the banks of the Beas River in the Kullu Valley about north of the airport ...

and Manali cities, and in

Kishtwar district Kishtwar district is an administrative district of the Jammu division of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir of the disputed Kashmir region.The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the ...

, Jammu and Kashmir.

General information

There are about 10,000 people in the western Himalayas who speak the Pattani Language. Pattani Language has several names. One of them is Manchad, which was given by the Tod valley people who live in the area where Manchad was originated. The religious belief of Manchad speakers is either Hinduism or Buddhism. Almost all of them can speak Hindi and Manchad is being increasingly restricted to home use only. Because there is no written tradition in Manchad, the article resources and stories of Manchad are usually recorded in Hindi or Tibetan orthography.

Grammar

# The three-way contrast in number: singular, dual and plural. # Gender is not grammatical and is lexically based. # The verbal agreement system: person-number elements are indicated in verbs. # The sentence structure: simple, compound and complex sentences. # Pattani Language has complex pronominalisation and a complex verbal system.

Syntax

Pattani word order is subject–object–verb (SOV)

Dialects

''Ethnologue'' lists three Pattani dialects. *Chamba-Lahuli (Western Pattani) *Eastern Pattani *Central Pattani There are 3 caste dialects, namely Pandit-Rajput, Harijan, and Lohar. The lower castes can understand Pandit-Rajput, but not vice versa.

References

* {{Bodic languages Languages of Himachal Pradesh West Himalayish languages Endangered languages of India