In
chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules a ...
, a parent hydride in
IUPAC nomenclature
IUPAC nomenclature is a set of recommendations for naming chemical compounds and for describing chemistry and biochemistry in general. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is the international authority on chemical nomenc ...
refers to a
main group
In chemistry and atomic physics, the main group is the group of elements (sometimes called the representative elements) whose lightest members are represented by helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine as arran ...
compound with the formula , where A is a main group element. The names of parent hydrides end with ''-ane'', analogous with the
nomenclature for alkanes.
Derivatives of parent hydrides are named by appending prefixes or suffixes to the name of the parent hydride to indicate the
substituent
In organic chemistry, a substituent is one or a group of atoms that replaces (one or more) atoms, thereby becoming a moiety in the resultant (new) molecule.
The suffix ''-yl'' is used when naming organic compounds that contain a single bond r ...
s that replace the hydrogen atoms.
Parent hydrides are used in both the
organic nomenclature
In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a method of naming organic compound, organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is published in the ''No ...
, and
inorganic nomenclature
An inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bondsthat is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as ''inorganic chemistry''.
Inorga ...
systems.
Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005
(Red Book) Par. IR-6 ''Parent Hydride Names and Substitutive Nomenclature'' - Full text PDF
*extensive body of chemistry
Reactions and structure
Parent hydrides are useful reference compounds, but many are nonexistent or unstable. Group III parent hydrides exist only under extraordinary conditions. Borane dimerizes irreversibly. Gallane and heavier congeners polymerize, sometimes with loss of hydrogen. Plumbane and bismuthane, stibane, indane, thallane are unstable.
See also
* Borderline hydrides
*Hydride
In chemistry, a hydride is formally the anion of hydrogen (H−), a hydrogen ion with two electrons. In modern usage, this is typically only used for ionic bonds, but it is sometimes (and has been more frequently in the past) applied to all che ...
*Preferred IUPAC name
In chemical nomenclature, a preferred IUPAC name (PIN) is a unique name, assigned to a chemical substance and preferred among all possible names generated by IUPAC nomenclature. The "preferred IUPAC nomenclature" provides a set of rules for choo ...
References
{{reflist
Chemical nomenclature