Janahb Pakal also known as Janaab Pakal, Pakal I or Pakal the Elder, (died 6 March 612), was a nobleman and possible ''
ajaw
Ajaw or Ahau ('Lord') is a pre-Columbian Maya civilization, Maya political title attested from epigraphy, epigraphic inscriptions. It is also the name of the 20th day of the ''tzolkʼin'', the Maya divinatory calendar, on which a ruler's ''kʼatu ...
'' of the
Maya
Maya may refer to:
Ethnic groups
* Maya peoples, of southern Mexico and northern Central America
** Maya civilization, the historical civilization of the Maya peoples
** Mayan languages, the languages of the Maya peoples
* Maya (East Africa), a p ...
city-state of
Palenque
Palenque (; Yucatec Maya: ), also anciently known in the Itza Language as Lakamha ("big water" or "big waters"), was a Maya city-state in southern Mexico that perished in the 8th century. The Palenque ruins date from ca. 226 BC to ca. 799 AD ...
.
Biography
Pakal’s dynastic position is not entirely certain, though he may have been the grandfather or brother of
Ajen Yohl Mat
Ajen Yohl MatThe ruler's name, when transcribed is AJ-je-ne-(Y)O꞉L m-ta. also known as Aj Neʼ Ohl Mat, Ac Kan and Ahl Lawal Mat, (died August 8, 612) was an ajaw of the Maya city-state of Palenque. He acceded to the throne on January 1, 605 and ...
. It seems that he never ascended to the high-kingship in his own right. He was the father of Lady
Sak Kʼukʼ
Sak KʼukʼThe ruler's name, when transcribed is ?- UWA꞉NAT. also known as Muwaan Mat, Lady Sak Kʼukʼ and Lady Beastie (died 640), was queen of the Maya city-state of Palenque. She acceded to the throne in October, 612 and ruled until 615.Thes ...
, one of the rare
queens regnant
A queen regnant (: queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank, title and position to a king. She reigns ''suo jure'' (in her own right) over a realm known as a kingdom; as opposed to a queen consort, who is married to a reigning ...
of
Maya
Maya may refer to:
Ethnic groups
* Maya peoples, of southern Mexico and northern Central America
** Maya civilization, the historical civilization of the Maya peoples
** Mayan languages, the languages of the Maya peoples
* Maya (East Africa), a p ...
history. His wife or mother was
Yohl Ikʼnal
Yohl IkʼnalThe ruler's name, when transcribed is IX-(Y)O꞉L-la IKʼ-NAL-la, translated as "Lady Heart of the Wind Place". (), also known as Lady Kan Ik and Lady Kʼanal Ikʼnal, (died 7 November 604) was queen regnant of the Maya city-state of ...
.
[ During reign of his probable brother Ajen Yohl Mat, Palenque was invaded on April 4, 611 by ]Scroll Serpent
Scroll Serpent (Uneh Chan) was a Maya ruler of the Kaan kingdom. He ruled from AD 579 to 611. He acceded on 2 September.
Reign
Inscriptions at Palenque record two long-range attacks by Kaan during the reign of this powerful king in the years fo ...
, ruler of the Kaan kingdom (Calakmul
Calakmul (; also Kalakmul and other less frequent variants) is a Maya civilization, Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Campeche, deep in the jungles of the greater Petén Basin region. It is from the Guatemalan border. Calakmul w ...
). They were dead c. sixteen months later.[ In later years, he is ascribed a full emblem glyph.]Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I (), also known as Pacal or Pacal the Great (March 24, 603 – August 29, 683),In the Maya calendar: born Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, 9.8.9.13.0, Calendar Round, 8 Ajaw 13 Pop; died 9.12.11.5.18, 6 Etzʼnab 11 Yax (Ti ...
who during a long reign of some 68 years was responsible for the construction or extension of some of Palenque’s most notable surviving inscriptions and monumental architecture.
Sources
{{DEFAULTSORT:Janahb Pakal
610s deaths
Monarchs of Palenque
7th-century monarchs in North America
Year of birth unknown
7th-century Maya people