Michel Bauwens (born 21 March 1958) is a
Belgian political theorist, writer, and conference speaker on the subjects of
technology
Technology is the application of Conceptual model, conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals, especially in a reproducible way. The word ''technology'' can also mean the products resulting from such efforts, including both tangible too ...
,
culture
Culture ( ) is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and Social norm, norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, Social norm, customs, capabilities, Attitude (psychology), attitudes ...
and
business innovation. A leading thinker in the emerging field of
peer-to-peer
Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the network, forming a peer-to-peer network of Node ...
(P2P) theory, Bauwens founded the
P2P Foundation, a global organization of researchers working in open collaboration in the exploration of
peer production,
governance
Governance is the overall complex system or framework of Process, processes, functions, structures, Social norm, rules, Law, laws and Norms (sociology), norms born out of the Interpersonal relationship, relationships, Social interaction, intera ...
, and
property
Property is a system of rights that gives people legal control of valuable things, and also refers to the valuable things themselves. Depending on the nature of the property, an owner of property may have the right to consume, alter, share, re ...
. He has authored a number of essays, including his thesis ''The Political Economy of Peer Production''.
Biography
Bauwens regularly lectures internationally on P2P theory, the
commons
The commons is the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable Earth. These resources are held in common even when owned privately or publicly. Commons ...
, and the potential for
social change
Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations. Sustained at a larger scale, it may lead to social transformation or societal transformat ...
. His contributions to the field were detailed by George Dafermos in chapter 7 named ''Prophets and Advocates of Peer Production'' of ''The Handbook of Peer Production''
In the first semester of 2014 Bauwens was research director with th
FLOK Society(Free Libre Open Knowledge) at the National Institute of Advanced Studies of Ecuador (IAEN). The FLOK Society developed a first of its kind Commons Transition Plan for the Ecuadorian government. Over fifteen policy papers the plan outlines policy proposals for transitioning Ecuador to what is described as a social knowledge economy based on the creation and support of open knowledge commons. One version of the plan i
available online
In the spring of 2017, Bauwens advised the city of Ghent, a city in northern Belgium (the Flanders), with a similar Commons Transition Plan. Over 500 commons initiatives were mapped, 80 founders and leaders of such communities were interviewed, 9 thematic workshops were held to coalesce their proposals in a integrated plan.
Bauwens developed "
Ron Paul
Ronald Ernest Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American author, activist, and politician who served as the U.S. representative for Texas's 22nd congressional district from 1976 to 1977, and again from 1979 to 1985, as well as for Texas' ...
Maoism
Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic o ...
", a theory that asserts that
propertarian libertarians are the sole group capable of carrying out
Karl Marx
Karl Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, political theorist, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He is best-known for the 1848 pamphlet '' The Communist Manifesto'' (written with Friedrich Engels) ...
’s program of
societal transformation.
He currently lives in
Chiang Mai
Chiang Mai, sometimes written as Chiengmai or Chiangmai, is the largest city in northern Thailand, the capital of Chiang Mai province and the List of municipalities in Thailand#Largest cities by urban population, second largest city in Thailan ...
,
Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...
.
P2P theory
In ''The Political Economy of Peer Production'' Bauwens regards
P2P phenomena as an emerging alternative to
capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their use for the purpose of obtaining profit. This socioeconomic system has developed historically through several stages and is defined by ...
, although he argues that "
peer production is highly dependent on the market, for peer production produces
use-value
Use value () or value in use is a concept in classical political economy and Marxist economics. It refers to the tangible features of a Commodity (Marxism), commodity (a tradeable object) which can satisfy some human requirement, want or need, o ...
through mostly immaterial production, without directly providing an income for its producers."
However, Bauwens goes on to argue that the interdependence is mutual: the capitalist system and market economies are also dependent on P2P production, particularly on distributed networks of information processing and production. Consequently, P2P economy may be seen as extending or already existing outside the sphere of free/open source software production and other non-rival immaterial goods.
This idea is explored also in the essay ''Peer to Peer and Human Evolution'' that expands the P2P
meme
A meme (; ) is an idea, behavior, or style that Mimesis, spreads by means of imitation from person to person within a culture and often carries symbolic meaning representing a particular phenomenon or theme. A meme acts as a unit for carrying c ...
beyond
computer technology. It argues that egalitarian
networking is a new form of relationship that is emerging throughout
society
A society () is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. ...
, and profoundly transforming the way in which society and human civilization is organised.
The essay argues that new forms of non-representational politics are a crucial ingredient in finding the solutions to current global challenges; as well as a new and progressive ethos representing the highest aspirations of the new generations.
Honors and awards
* USIA Meritorious Honor Award, July 1990
* BP Information Star Prize for Innovative Applications of Information Technology: "For the concept and creation of a total electronic information environment for the provision of business intelligence to senior management", January 1993
* European Special Librarian of the Year award, "For outstanding role in redefining the profession in harmony with the advances in technology", December 1993
* 2012 - Bauwen was nominated and included on the Post Growth Institut
Enrich List– a parody of the Forbes List of Billionaires that aims to highlight influential
post-growth thinkers "whose collective contributions enrich paths to sustainable futures".
Controversy
Bauwens has repeatedly spoken out against
identity politics
Identity politics is politics based on a particular identity, such as ethnicity, Race (human categorization), race, nationality, religion, Religious denomination, denomination, gender, sexual orientation, Socioeconomic status, social background ...
, claiming it as antithetical to egalitarian participation within a post-racial community. This perspective was criticized as being a form of
racial color blindness. In response, numerous contributors to the P2P Forum chose to officially distance themselves from him and his views.
In May 2021, Bauwens allegedly removed several signatories of the disassociation statement from the P2P Foundation wiki. Since it is a community-maintained wiki, this raised further controversy.
Two weeks later, Bauwens also edited the P2PF wiki article of P2P Lab (where several signatories belonged) diminishing its role. The wiki entries have been restored by other wiki editors.
Works
Bauwens has written for
Open Democracy and
Al Jazeera and has been mentioned by the
New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
,
De Morgen, and Living Green Magazine.
Books
*2013, "De wereld redden Met peer-to-peer naar een postkapitalistische samenleving", by Michel Bauwens and Jean Lievens
Houtekiet
*2014, "Network Society and Future Scenarios for a Collaborative Economy", by
Vasilis Kostakis and Michel Bauwens
Palgrave Macmillan
*2015, "Sauver le monde, Vers une société post-capitaliste avec le peer-to-peer", by Michel Bauwens and Jean Lievens,
Les liens qui libèrentbr>
prefaceby
Bernard Stieglerat editionslesliensquiliberent,
Essays
Peer-to-Peer Relationalityby Michel Bauwens, 4 March 2012, published on blog.p2pfoundation.net
*2014,
From the Communism of Capital to Capital for the Commons: Towards an Open Co-operativism, Bauwens, Michel and
Vasilis Kostakis, Triple-C: Communication, Capitalism & Critique, 12(1)
Reports
A Synthetic Overview of the Collaborative Economy By Michel Bauwens, Nicolas Mendoza and Franco Iacomella, et al. Orange Labs and P2P Foundation, 2012.
Documentaries
* With
Frank Theys, Bauwens is the co-creator of the 2006 documentary ''
TechnoCalyps'', an examination of
transhumanism
Transhumanism is a philosophical and intellectual movement that advocates the human enhancement, enhancement of the human condition by developing and making widely available new and future technologies that can greatly enhance longevity, cogni ...
and the 'metaphysics of technology'.
Speeches
* In September 2014 he gave a keynote at th
Degrowth Conferencesin
Leipzig
Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...
, Germany on "The Transition to a Sustainable Commons Society in Ecuador and beyond".
See also
*
Adhocracy
Adhocracy is a flexible, adaptable, and informal form of organization defined by a lack of formal structure and employs specialized multidisciplinary teams grouped by function. It operates in a fashion opposite to bureaucracy. Warren Bennis coin ...
*
Commons-based peer production
*
Digital revolution
The Information Age is a History by period, historical period that began in the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during the Industrial Revolution, to an economy centered on info ...
*
Distributed economy
*
Knowledge commons
*
Network economy
*
Open design
*
Open Source Ecology
*
Open source hardware
*
Open-source movement
*
P2P economic system
*
Post-scarcity economy
*
Sharing economy
References
External links
The Foundation for P2P Alternatives(official site)
Michel’s Substack: Fourth Generation Civilization- Interview by Richard Poynder,3 September 2006, published on poynder.blogspot.com
Interview with Michel Bauwens- Interview by Prodromos Tsiavos, University of Oslo, spring 2008 (video, 30 min)
De meest inspirerende belg- "The most inspiring Belgian", Interview, published by één, Café Corsari, 16 October 2013, in Belgian (video, 10 min)
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1958 births">the Foundation for P2P Alternatives
summary essay on P2P Theory
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1958 births
Living people
Belgian activists
Belgian political writers
Intellectual property activism
Belgian male writers
21st-century Belgian writers