The P-800 Oniks (russian: П-800 Оникс; en, Onyx), also known in export markets as Yakhont (russian: Яхонт; en, ruby), is a

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eight ...

n supersonic anti-ship

cruise missile A cruise missile is a guided missile used against terrestrial or naval targets that remains in the atmosphere and flies the major portion of its flight path at approximately constant speed. Cruise missiles are designed to deliver a large warhea ...

developed by

NPO Mashinostroyeniya NPO Mashinostroyeniya (russian: НПО машиностроения, lit=RDA of machine manufacturing) is a rocket design bureau based in Reutov, Russia. During the Cold War it was responsible for several major weapons systems, including the U ...

as a

ramjet A ramjet, or athodyd (aero thermodynamic duct), is a form of airbreathing jet engine that uses the forward motion of the engine to produce thrust. Since it produces no thrust when stationary (no ram air) ramjet-powered vehicles require an as ...

version of P-80 Zubr. Its GRAU designation is 3M55, the air launched Kh-61 variant also exists. The missile has the NATO codename SS-N-26 " Strobile". Development officially started in 1983, and in the 1990s the anti-ship missile was tested on the Project 1234.7 ship. In 2002 the missile passed the whole range of trials and was commissioned. It is reportedly a replacement for the

P-270 Moskit The P-270 Moskit (russian: П-270 «Москит»; en, Mosquito) is a Soviet supersonic ramjet powered anti-ship cruise missile. Its GRAU designation is 3M80, air launched variant is the Kh-41 and its NATO reporting name is SS-N-22 Sunburn (on ...

, and possibly also of the

P-700 Granit The P-700 ''Granit'' (russian: П-700 "Гранит"; en, granite) is a Soviet and Russian naval anti-ship cruise missile. Its GRAU designation is 3M45, its NATO reporting name SS-N-19 ''Shipwreck''. It comes in surface-to-surface and subma ...

Description

The missile is carried in flight by

aerodynamic lift A fluid flowing around an object exerts a force on it. Lift is the component of this force that is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction. It contrasts with the drag force, which is the component of the force parallel to the flow directi ...

. The solid-propellant booster is located in the ramjet's combustion chamber and is ejected by the airflow after it has burned out.

Advantages

*Over-the-horizon firing range *Full autonomy of combat use ("

fire and forget Fire-and-forget is a type of missile guidance which does not require further external intervention after launch such as illumination of the target or wire guidance, and can hit its target without the launcher being in line-of-sight of the targ ...

") *A set of flexible ("low-profile sea-skimming", "high-low") trajectories *High supersonic speed in all phases of flight *Full harmonization for a wide range of platforms (surface ships, submarines and land-based launchers) *Possible use of the missile in

electronic countermeasures An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an electrical or electronic device designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar, or other detection systems, like infrared (IR) or lasers. It may be used both offensively and defensively to deny targeting inf ...

environment and under enemy fire

Operational history

Syria

In 2010 Sergei Prikhodko, senior adviser to the Russian President, has said that Russia intends to deliver P-800 to Syria based on the contracts signed in 2007. Syria received two Bastion missile systems with 36 missiles each (72 in total). The missiles' test was broadcast by Syrian state TV. In May 2013, Russia continued the contract delivery to the Syrian government supplying missiles with an advanced radar to make them more effective to counter any future foreign military invasion. A warehouse containing the Bastion missiles was destroyed by an Israeli air strike on Latakia on 5 July 2013, but US intelligence analysts believe that some missiles had been removed before the attack. Oniks missiles were reportedly used in 2016 against ISIL targets.

Russian invasion of Ukraine

In May 2022, Russia’s Defense Minister announced that Russia used high precision Oniks missiles during Russia’s invasion in Ukraine. On 1 May Oniks missiles were used to destroy military equipment near the city of Odesa. There are other reported use of Oniks missiles in Donbas during the same conflict.

Specifications

* Length: 8.9 m * Diameter: 0.7 m * Wingspan: 1.7 m * Weight: 3,100 kg * Speed at altitude: 750 m/s (Mach 2.6) * Surface speed: Mach 2 * Engine: ramjet, weight 200 kg, 4 tons of thrust * Range: 120–300 km / 600 km for Russian ship/sub deployed non-export model * for the combined trajectory (hi-lo) – 300 km * for low-altitude trajectory (lo-lo) – 120 km * Flight altitude of 10,000–14,000 m * Warhead: national version: 300 kg semi-armour piercing HE, thermonuclear; export version: 200 kg HE * Fuel: jet fuel T-6 Radar homing head * all-weather monopulse

active Active may refer to: Music * ''Active'' (album), a 1992 album by Casiopea * Active Records, a record label Ships * ''Active'' (ship), several commercial ships by that name * HMS ''Active'', the name of various ships of the British Roya ...

passive Passive may refer to: * Passive voice, a grammatical voice common in many languages, see also Pseudopassive * Passive language, a language from which an interpreter works * Passivity (behavior), the condition of submitting to the influence of on ...

, with frequency hopping * Immunity: high, from active spoofing, dipole clouds * Range: 50 km active * Launchable

sea state In oceanography, sea state is the general condition of the free surface on a large body of water—with respect to wind waves and swell—at a certain location and moment. A sea state is characterized by statistics, including the wave height, ...

– up to 7 points * Warm-up time from power on: no more than 2 min * Current consumption at 27 V circuit: up to 38 A * Maximum angle of the target search: ± 45 ° * Homing weight: 85 kg

Variants

* 3M55 Oniks – Base version for Russia. * P-800 Yakhont – Export version of Oniks. * P-800 Bolid - Submarine-launched version of Yakhont. *

BrahMos The BrahMos (also designated as PJ-10)BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited in India.

BrahMos-II BrahMos-II or BrahMos-2 or BrahMos Mach II (note:Not to be confused with the BrahMos block II) is a hypersonic cruise missile currently under joint development by India's Defence Research and Development Organisation and Russia's NPO Mashinostro ...

, a hypersonic version is also being developed. The P-800 was used as the basis for the joint Russian-Indian supersonic missile

BrahMos The BrahMos (also designated as PJ-10)Bastion-P The K-300P ''Bastion-P'' (NATO reporting name SS-C-5 Stooge) is a Russian mobile coastal defence missile system. The system was developed together with the Belarusian company '' Tekhnosoyuzproekt''. Design The main role of the Bastion-P is to en ...

– Coast mobile missile system. Officially it entered service in 2015. * Kh-61 - Air launched air to surface version. * Oniks-M - version of Oniks with improved range (up to 800 km), accuracy and ECCM capabilities.

Platforms

Naval

;Current * ''Buyan-M''-class corvette * * (export version) * * * ;Future * * * * *

Land

Standard batteries of the K-300

Bastion-P The K-300P ''Bastion-P'' (NATO reporting name SS-C-5 Stooge) is a Russian mobile coastal defence missile system. The system was developed together with the Belarusian company '' Tekhnosoyuzproekt''. Design The main role of the Bastion-P is to en ...

(Бастион-П-Подвижный): * 4 self-propelled launchers K-340P with 2 "Yakhont" missiles (crew of 3 persons) * 1–2 Command and Control vehicles (ASBU) PBRK (crew of 5 persons) * 1 security alert car (MOBD) * 4 Transportation and loading vehicles (TLV K342P)

Operators

* Hezbollah – 12 missiles with diverse launching platforms. * – 4 VLS (

vertical launching system A vertical launching system (VLS) is an advanced system for holding and firing missiles on mobile naval platforms, such as surface ships and submarines. Each vertical launch system consists of a number of ''cells'', which can hold one or mor ...

) mounted on . * – 3 "Bastion-P" complexes delivered in 2010, all the complexes taken into service with the Russian

Black Sea Fleet Chernomorskiy flot , image = Great emblem of the Black Sea fleet.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Great emblem of the Black Sea fleet , dates = May 13, ...

's 11th Independent Coastal Missile-Artillery Brigade stationed near

Anapa Anapa (russian: Ана́па, ) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov. Population: History The area around Anapa was settled in antiquity. It was originally a major seaport ...

and the Project 1234.7 ''Nakat'', a one-off Nanuchka IV-class corvette commissioned in 1987 with 2x6 Oniks. The "Bastion-P" is deployed by Russian forces in Crimea. One more Bastion-P was delivered in 2015. 2 Bastion systems are in service with the Northern Fleet and at least one with Western Military District (Baltic Fleet). Two more systems entered service in 2016 with Pacific Fleet. Newest class of Russian nuclear-powered attack submarines,

Yasen-class submarine The Yasen class, Russian designations Project 885 Yasen and Project 885M Yasen-M (russian: Ясень, , ash tree, NATO reporting name: Severodvinsk), also referred to as the ''Graney'' class, are a series of nuclear-powered cruise missile subm ...

, can also launch the missile. Submarine-launched variant entered service in 2016. Two Bastion missile systems delivered in 2017 and one more in 2018. Totally 4 Bal and Bastion systems in 2018. One more system delivered for the Pacific Fleet in early 2019. Totally 3 Bastion systems and 55 Oniks were delivered in 2019. The Russian Defense Ministry concluded a contract at the Army-2020 forum for purchasing cruise missiles 3M55N Oniks. 3 more delivered during 2021. * – 2 "

" complexes delivered in 2011, 72 missiles. * – 2 "Bastion-P" land-based coastal defense systems delivered, 40 missiles.

References

External links

SS-N-26
(Federation of American Scientists)
Sunburns, Yakhonts, Alfas and the Region
(Australian Aviation, Sept 2000) (PDF)
www.dtig.org
Russian/Sovjet Sea-based Anti-Ship Missiles (pdf)
Russia would supply Syria with P-800 Yakhont cruise missiles
{{Use dmy dates, date=June 2017 Weapons of Russia P-800 Cruise missiles of Russia Nuclear cruise missiles of Russia Submarine-launched cruise missiles of Russia P-800 Ramjet engines Surface-to-surface missiles NPO Mashinostroyeniya products Military equipment introduced in the 2000s Fire-and-forget weapons