The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

; a

sovereign country A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined terr ...

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...

, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK), or Britain. Lying off the north-western coast of the

European mainland Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous continent of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands. It can also be referred to ambiguously as the European continent, – which can conversely mean the whole of Europe – and, by ...

, it includes the island of

Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It i ...

—a term also applied loosely to refer to the whole country—the north-eastern part of the island of

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

and many smaller islands.

General reference

* The United Kingdom is... ** both a

country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while ...

and a country made up of countries ** both a

nation state A nation state is a political unit where the state and nation are congruent. It is a more precise concept than "country", since a country does not need to have a predominant ethnic group. A nation, in the sense of a common ethnicity, may i ...

and a

state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

made up of

nation A nation is a community of people formed on the basis of a combination of shared features such as language, history, ethnicity, culture and/or society. A nation is thus the collective Identity (social science), identity of a group of people unde ...

s ** an

island country An island country, island state or an island nation is a country whose primary territory consists of one or more islands or parts of islands. Approximately 25% of all independent countries are island countries. Island countries are historically ...

** a Commonwealth realm (1931–) * Pronunciation: * Abbreviations: UK * Common English country names: The United Kingdom, The UK, or Britain * Official English country name: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland * Common endonyms:

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

, UK, Britain * Official endonyms: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland * Adjectivals:

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...

, United Kingdom *

Demonyms A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...

: Briton, British, Brit *

Etymology Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...

: Name of Britain,

Name of the United Kingdom The terminology of the British Isles refers to the words and phrases that are used to describe the (sometimes overlapping) geographical and political areas of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland and the smaller islands which surround them. Th ...

** Name of England **

Name of Northern Ireland There are a number of alternative names for Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland consists of six historic counties of Ireland, and remains part of the United Kingdom following the independence of the other twenty-six counties as the Irish Free State ...

Name of Scotland Scotland ( gd, Alba ) is a country that occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain and forms part of the United Kingdom. The name of ''Scotland'' is derived from the Latin ''Scoti'', the term applied to Gaels. The origin of the wor ...

** Name of Wales * International rankings of the United Kingdom *

Terminology of the British Isles The terminology of the British Isles refers to the words and phrases that are used to describe the (sometimes overlapping) geographical and political areas of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland and the smaller islands which surround them. Th ...

* United Kingdom-related topics ** England-related topics ** Scotland-related topics ** Wales-related topics ** Northern Ireland-related topics *

ISO country codes ISO 3166-1 (''Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes'') is a standard defining codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. It ...

: GB, GBR, 826 *

ISO region codes ISO 3166-2 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. The ...

: See ISO 3166-2:GB *

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...

country code top-level domain A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all ...

.uk .uk is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the United Kingdom. It was first registered in July 1985, seven months after the original generic top-level domains such as .com and the first country code after .us. , it is the fift ...

.gb .gb is a reserved Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the United Kingdom. The domain was introduced with RFC 920 in October 1984 that set out the creation of ccTLD generally using country codes derived from the corresponding two ...

(not used)

Countries of the United Kingdom, Dependencies, Territories and Commonwealth

Countries of the UK and their subdivisions

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

Subdivisions of England The subdivisions of England constitute a hierarchy of administrative divisions and non-administrative ceremonial areas. Overall, England is divided into nine regions and 48 ceremonial counties, although these have only a limited role in publ ...

*** Regions of England **** Counties of England ''(see also Metropolitan county and

Shire county A non-metropolitan county, or colloquially, shire county, is a county-level entity in England that is not a metropolitan county. The counties typically have populations of 300,000 to 1.8 million. The term ''shire county'' is, however, an unoffi ...

)'' ****

Unitary authorities of England The unitary authorities of England are those local authorities which are responsible for the provision of all local government services within a district. They are constituted under the Local Government Act 1992, which amended the Local Gover ...

****

Districts of England The districts of England (also known as local authority districts or local government districts to distinguish from unofficial city districts) are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. As the st ...

''(see also Metropolitan district and Shire district)'' ****

Civil parishes In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authority. ...

*** Greater London ****

London borough The London boroughs are the 32 local authority districts that together with the City of London make up the administrative area of Greater London; each is governed by a London borough council. The present London boroughs were all created at ...

s *** West Midlands *

Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...

Counties of Northern Ireland Northern Ireland is divided into six counties, namely: Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone. Six largely rural administrative counties based on these were among the eight primary local government areas of Northern Irela ...

Local government in Northern Ireland Northern Ireland is divided into 11 districts for local government purposes. In Northern Ireland, local councils do not carry out the same range of functions as those in the rest of the United Kingdom; for example they have no responsibility f ...

***

Districts of Northern Ireland Northern Ireland is divided into 11 districts for local government purposes. In Northern Ireland, local councils do not carry out the same range of functions as those in the rest of the United Kingdom; for example they have no responsibility f ...

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a Anglo-Scottish border, border with England to the southeast ...

** Subdivisions of Scotland *

Wales Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in ...

** Subdivisions of Wales

Crown Dependencies

Crown Dependencies *

Isle of Man ) , anthem = "O Land of Our Birth" , image = Isle of Man by Sentinel-2.jpg , image_map = Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg , mapsize = , map_alt = Location of the Isle of Man in Europe , map_caption = Location of the Isle of Man (green) in Europe ...

Channel Islands The Channel Islands ( nrf, Îles d'la Manche; french: îles Anglo-Normandes or ''îles de la Manche'') are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. They include two Crown Dependencies: the Bailiwick of Jersey, ...

Jersey Jersey ( , ; nrf, Jèrri, label= Jèrriais ), officially the Bailiwick of Jersey (french: Bailliage de Jersey, links=no; Jèrriais: ), is an island country and self-governing Crown Dependency near the coast of north-west France. It is the l ...

** Guernsey ** Alderney **

Sark Sark (french: link=no, Sercq, ; Sercquiais: or ) is a part of the Channel Islands in the southwestern English Channel, off the coast of Normandy, France. It is a royal fief, which forms part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, with its own set of ...

British Overseas Territories

British Overseas Territories *

Anguilla Anguilla ( ) is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin. The terr ...

Bermuda ) , anthem = "God Save the King" , song_type = National song , song = "Hail to Bermuda" , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , mapsize2 = , map_caption2 = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = , es ...

British Antarctic Territory The British Antarctic Territory (BAT) is a sector of Antarctica claimed by the United Kingdom as one of its 14 British Overseas Territories, of which it is by far the largest by area. It comprises the region south of 60°S latitude and between ...

* British Indian Ocean Territory *

British Virgin Islands ) , anthem = "God Save the King" , song_type = Territorial song , song = " Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands" , image_map = File:British Virgin Islands on the globe (Americas centered).svg , map_caption = , mapsize = 290px , image_map2 = Bri ...

* Cayman Islands *

Falkland Islands The Falkland Islands (; es, Islas Malvinas, link=no ) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about east of South America's southern Patagonian coast and about from Cape Dubouze ...

Gibraltar ) , anthem = " God Save the King" , song = " Gibraltar Anthem" , image_map = Gibraltar location in Europe.svg , map_alt = Location of Gibraltar in Europe , map_caption = United Kingdom shown in pale green , mapsize = , image_map2 = Gib ...

* Montserrat * Pitcairn Islands *

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British Overseas Territory located in the South Atlantic and consisting of the island of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and the archipelago of Tristan da Cunha including Gough Island. Its name wa ...

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ) , anthem = "God Save the King" , song_type = , song = , image_map = South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in United Kingdom.svg , map_caption = Location of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in the southern Atlantic Oce ...

* Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia in Cyprus *

Turks and Caicos Islands The Turks and Caicos Islands (abbreviated TCI; and ) are a British Overseas Territory consisting of the larger Caicos Islands and smaller Turks Islands, two groups of tropical islands in the Lucayan Archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean and n ...

Commonwealth of Nations

The United Kingdom is a member state of the

Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations, simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is a political association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the ...

* Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations ** Commonwealth realm *

Commonwealth citizen A Commonwealth citizen is a citizen or qualified national of a Commonwealth of Nations member state. Most member countries do not treat citizens of other Commonwealth states any differently from foreign nationals, but some grant limited citizen ...

Head of the Commonwealth The head of the Commonwealth is the ceremonial leader who symbolises "the free association of independent member nations" of the Commonwealth of Nations, an intergovernmental organisation that currently comprises 56 sovereign states. There is ...

Commonwealth War Graves Commission The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) is an intergovernmental organisation of six independent member states whose principal function is to mark, record and maintain the graves and places of commemoration of Commonwealth of Nations m ...

(1917-) *

Commonwealth Games The Commonwealth Games, often referred to as the Friendly Games or simply the Comm Games, are a quadrennial international multi-sport event among athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. The event was first held in 1930, and, with the exce ...

(1930-)

Geography, resources and demography

Geography of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. With a total area of approximately , the UK occupies the major part of the British Isles archipelago and includes the island of Great Britain, t ...

* Location: ** Northern Hemisphere, on the

Prime meridian A prime meridian is an arbitrary meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°. Together, a prime meridian and its anti-meridian (the 180th meridian in a 360°-system) form a great ...

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago ...

(but not on the

mainland Mainland is defined as "relating to or forming the main part of a country or continent, not including the islands around it egardless of status under territorial jurisdiction by an entity" The term is often politically, economically and/or dem ...

) ***

**** Northern Europe and

Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...

*****

British Isles The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles, ...

****** Great Britain (entire island and adjacent isles) ******

(northeastern sixth of the island) **

Time zone A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between countries and their subdivisions instead of strictly following longitude, because it ...

Greenwich Mean Time Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, counted from midnight. At different times in the past, it has been calculated in different ways, including being calculated from noon; as a con ...

Western European Time Western European Time (WET, UTC±00:00) is a time zone covering parts of western Europe and consists of countries using UTC±00:00 (also known as Greenwich Mean Time, shortly called GMT). It is one of the three standard time zones in the Europe ...

( UTC+00), British Summer Time =

Western European Summer Time Western European Summer Time (WEST, UTC+01:00) is a summer daylight saving time scheme, 1 hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time and Coordinated Universal Time. It is used in: * the Canary Islands * Portugal (including Madeira but not the Azores) * ...

(

UTC+01 UTC+01:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +01:00. In ISO 8601, the associated time would be written as 2019-02-07T23:28:34+01:00. This time is used in: *Central European Time *West Africa Time *Western European Summer Time **Br ...

) * Area of the United Kingdom: – 79th most extensive country ** Area of the countries of the United Kingdom *

Extreme points of the United Kingdom This is a list of the extreme points of the United Kingdom: the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location. Traditionally the extent of the island of Great Britain has stretched "from Land's End to John o' Groats" ...

: ** North:

Out Stack Out Stack or Ootsta is an island in Shetland, Scotland and the northernmost point of both Scotland and the British Isles. It lies northeast of Muckle Flugga and north of the island of Unst. It is one of the North Isles of the Shetland Islan ...

, Shetland Islands ** South: Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly ** East: Lowestoft Ness, Suffolk ** West:

Rockall Rockall () is an uninhabitable granite islet situated in the North Atlantic Ocean. The United Kingdom claims that Rockall lies within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and is part of its territory, but this claim is not recognised by Ireland. ...

¹ ** High:

Ben Nevis Ben Nevis ( ; gd, Beinn Nibheis ) is the highest mountain in Scotland, the United Kingdom and the British Isles. The summit is above sea level and is the highest land in any direction for . Ben Nevis stands at the western end of the Grampian ...

Lochaber Lochaber ( ; gd, Loch Abar) is a name applied to a part of the Scottish Highlands. Historically, it was a provincial lordship consisting of the parishes of Kilmallie and Kilmonivaig, as they were before being reduced in extent by the creatio ...

at *** Low:

The Fens The Fens, also known as the , in eastern England are a naturally marshy region supporting a rich ecology and numerous species. Most of the fens were drained centuries ago, resulting in a flat, dry, low-lying agricultural region supported by a ...

at ** Land boundaries: 360 km ** Land boundary: undersea in Channel Tunnel ** Coastline: 12,429 km * Atlas of the United Kingdom ** Atlas of England ** Atlas of Northern Ireland ** Atlas of Scotland ** Atlas of Wales **

Economic geography of the United Kingdom The economic geography of the United Kingdom reflects its high position in the current economic league tables, as well as reflecting its long history as a trading nation and as an imperial power. This in turn was built on exploitation of natural ...

Ecoregions

List of ecoregions in the United Kingdom Satellite image of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in April 2002

Environment

Climate of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom straddles the higher mid-latitudes between 49° and 61°N on the western seaboard of Europe. Since the UK is always in or close to the path of the polar front jet stream, frequent changes in pressure and unsettled weather ar ...

* Environmental issues in the United Kingdom *

Conservation in the United Kingdom This page gives an overview of the complex structure of environmental and cultural conservation in the United Kingdom. With the advent of devolved government for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland and of evolving regional government for England, ...

Energy in the United Kingdom Energy in the United Kingdom came mostly from fossil fuels in 2021. Total energy consumption in the United Kingdom was 142.0million tonnes of oil equivalent (1,651 TWh) in 2019. In 2014, the UK had an energy consumption ''per capita'' of 2.78t ...

Green building in the United Kingdom Both the public and private sectors in the United Kingdom promote green building. Presently, there are already regulatory mechanisms in place that establish Britain's commitment to this kind of building construction. The government, for instance, s ...

* Ecoregions in the United Kingdom *

Renewable energy in the United Kingdom Renewable energy in the United Kingdom contributes to production for electricity, heat, and transport. From the mid-1990s, renewable energy began to play a part in the UK's electricity generation, building on a small hydroelectric capacity. ...

Green electricity in the United Kingdom The availability and uptake of green electricity in the United Kingdom has increased in the 21st century. There are a number of suppliers offering green electricity in the United Kingdom. In theory these types of tariffs help to lower carbon dioxi ...

***

Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom , hydroelectric power stations in the United Kingdom accounted for 1.87GW of installed electrical generating capacity, being 2.2% of the UK's total generating capacity and 4.2% of UK's renewable energy generating capacity. This includes four co ...

***

Wind power in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom is the best location for wind power in Europe and one of the best in the world. By 2022, the UK had over 11 thousand wind turbines with a total installed capacity of over 25gigawatts (GW): 14 GW onshore and 11 GW offshore, t ...

***

Solar power in the United Kingdom Solar power represented a very small part of electricity production in the United Kingdom until the 2010s when it increased rapidly, thanks to feed-in tariff (FIT) subsidies and the falling cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels. , installed capacit ...

Geology of the United Kingdom The geology of Great Britain is renowned for its diversity. As a result of its eventful geological history, Great Britain shows a rich variety of landscapes across the constituent countries of England, Wales and Scotland. Rocks of almost all geolo ...

** Earthquakes in the British Isles *

National parks of the United Kingdom National parks of the United Kingdom ( cy, parciau cenedlaethol; gd, pàircean nàiseanta) are areas of relatively undeveloped and scenic landscape across the country. Despite their name, they are quite different from national parks in many o ...

National parks of England and Wales National parks of the United Kingdom ( cy, parciau cenedlaethol; gd, pàircean nàiseanta) are areas of relatively undeveloped and scenic landscape across the country. Despite their name, they are quite different from national parks in many ot ...

** National parks of Northern Ireland **

National parks of Scotland The national parks of Scotland ( gd, Pàirc Nàiseanta) are managed areas of outstanding landscape where some forms of development are restricted to preserve the landscape and natural environment. At present, Scotland has two national parks: Loc ...

Protected areas of the United Kingdom Protected areas of the United Kingdom are areas in the United Kingdom which need and /or receive protection because of their environmental, historical or cultural value to the nation. Methods and aims of protection vary depending on the nature and ...

** Environmentally sensitive area (ESA) ** Heritage coast ** Scenic areas ***

Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty An Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB; , AHNE) is an area of countryside in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, that has been designated for conservation due to its significant landscape value. Areas are designated in recognition of ...

(AONB) – England, Wales, Northern Ireland *** National scenic area – Scotland **

Scheduled monument In the United Kingdom, a scheduled monument is a nationally important archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change. The various pieces of legislation that legally protect heritage assets from damage and d ...

** Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) **

Special Area of Conservation A Special Area of Conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the ''Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora''. They are to protect the 220 habitats and a ...

(SAC) (European Union) **

Special Protection Area A Special Protection Area (SPA) is a designation under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Under the Directive, Member States of the European Union (EU) have a duty to safeguard the habitats of migratory birds and certa ...

(SPA) (European Union) ** Wetlands designated under the

Ramsar Convention The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar site, Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on W ...

(International) * Wildlife of the United Kingdom **

Flora of the United Kingdom The flora of Great Britain and Ireland is one of the best documented in the world. There are 1390 native species and over 1100 well-established non-natives documented on the islands. A bibliographic database of the species is compiled by the Botan ...

***

Trees of Britain and Ireland Many lists of trees of Great Britain and Ireland have been written. There are a number of issues surrounding the inclusion of a species in such a list. As can be seen from the outline of debate below, there is no 'correct' list of trees of Britain ...

***

List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland The flora of Great Britain and Ireland is one of the best documented in the world. There are 1390 native species and over 1100 well-established non-natives documented on the islands. A bibliographic database of the species is compiled by the Botan ...

** Fauna of the United Kingdom *** List of mammals of the United Kingdom *** Birds of the United Kingdom ****

List of birds of Great Britain This list of birds of Great Britain comprises all bird species that have been recorded in a wild state in Great Britain. It follows the official British List, maintained by the British Ornithologists' Union (BOU). Decisions relating to the Briti ...

**** List of birds of Wales *** List of reptiles of Great Britain ***

List of amphibians of Great Britain This is a list of amphibians of Great Britain. There are seven amphibian species native to Great Britain, in addition, there are a number of naturalized species. The natives comprise three newts, two toads and four frogs. Native species Pleur ...

*** List of fish of Great Britain ***

Lists of insects of Great Britain The following are lists of insects of Great Britain. There are more than 20,000 insects of Great Britain, this page provides lists by order. Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) * List of Odonata species of Great Britain Grasshoppers & cricke ...

United Kingdom Climate Change Programme The United Kingdom's Climate Change Programme was launched in November 2000 by the British government in response to its commitment agreed at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). The 2000 programme was update ...

** List of UK extreme rainfall amounts *

* Environmentally sensitive area **

Green belt A green belt is a policy and land-use zone designation used in land-use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding or neighboring urban areas. Similar concepts are greenways or green wedges, which ...

s ** Notable trees in Great Britain ** National nature reserve ** National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty **

*** Site of Special Scientific Interest * List of waterfalls of the United Kingdom *

List of natural disasters in the British Isles This is a list of natural disasters in the British Isles. See also *List of disasters in Great Britain and Ireland by death toll *Climate of the United Kingdom *Geology of Great Britain *Geology of Ireland *Tsunamis affecting the British Is ...

** The Great Storm of 1987

Geographic features

Coastline The coast, also known as the coastline or seashore, is defined as the area where land meets the ocean, or as a line that forms the boundary between the land and the coastline. The Earth has around of coastline. Coasts are important zones in ...

Islands An island (or isle) is an isolated piece of habitat that is surrounded by a dramatically different habitat, such as water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island ...

* Lakes * Lochs * Mountains and hills **

Volcanoes A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates a ...

* Rivers **

Waterfalls A waterfall is a point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops. Waterfalls also occur where meltwater drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg or ice shelf. Waterfalls can be formed in several w ...

World Heritage Sites A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...

Regions

* Time zone of the UK

Municipalities

Cities A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

** Capital of the United Kingdom: London ** Second city of the United Kingdom ** Cities by population * Towns: **

Towns in England This is a list of towns in England. Historically, towns were any settlement with a charter, including market towns and ancient boroughs. The process of incorporation was reformed in 1835 and many more places received borough charters, whilst other ...

** Burghs in Scotland ** Towns in Wales ** Towns in Northern Ireland *

City status in the United Kingdom City status in the United Kingdom is granted by the monarch of the United Kingdom to a select group of communities. , there are 76 cities in the United Kingdom—55 in England, seven in Wales, eight in Scotland, and six in Northern Ireland. ...

* Conurbations *

Natural Resources

inc.

Biodiesel in the United Kingdom Biodiesel is rapidly becoming more common in a number of developed countries and the environmental effects of using biodiesel either as a blend such as B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% petrodiesel) or as a straight fuel stock may be different in various ...

Coal mining in the United Kingdom Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as stratum, rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other Chemical element, elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen ...

Geothermal power in the United Kingdom The potential for exploiting geothermal energy in the United Kingdom on a commercial basis was initially examined by the Department of Energy in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis. Several regions of the country were identified, but interest in dev ...

** Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom **

** Marine energy in the United Kingdom **

North Sea oil North Sea oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, comprising liquid petroleum and natural gas, produced from petroleum reservoirs beneath the North Sea. In the petroleum industry, the term "North Sea" often includes areas such as the Norwegian Sea ...

* Food ** Agriculture in the United Kingdom **

Fishing industry in England The fishing industry in England covers the fish processing industry and fishing trawler companies that fish around England. Geographical spread of ports Important English seafishing ports include: * Brixham * Fleetwood – home of the Fisherman's ...

Fishing in Scotland The fishing industry in Scotland comprises a significant proportion of the United Kingdom fishing industry. A recent inquiry by the Royal Society of Edinburgh found fishing to be of much greater social, economic and cultural importance to Sc ...

Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, the term hunting with no qualification generally refers to hunting with hounds, e.g. normally fox hunting, stag (deer) hunting, beagling, or minkhunting, whereas shooting is the shooting of game birds. What is called de ...

* Materials ** Forestry in the United Kingdom **

Mining in the United Kingdom Mining in the United Kingdom produces a wide variety of fossil fuels, metals, and industrial minerals due to its complex geology. In 2013, there were over 2,000 active mines, quarries, and offshore drilling sites on the continental land mass of ...

* List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom Northwestern Europe at night by VIIRS cropped to GB

Demography

Demography of the United Kingdom The population of the United Kingdom was estimated at over 67.0 million in 2020. It is the 21st most populated country in the world and has a population density of 270 people per square kilometre (700 people per square mile), with England ...

Population of the United Kingdom The population of the United Kingdom was estimated at over 67.0 million in 2020. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, 21st most populated country in the world and has a population density of 270 people per square kil ...

: 64,105,700 (2013 estimate) making it the 22nd most populous country and, with a population density of 259/km² (679/sq.mile), ranking it 51st on the

List of sovereign states and dependent territories by population density This is a list of countries and dependencies ranked by population density, measured by the number of human inhabitants per square kilometre or square mile, and also sortable by total area and by population. The list includes sovereign states and ...

. This is largely due to the particularly high population density of England which measures 406/km². ** Population of the countries of the United Kingdom ** UK birth and deaths since 1960 **

Immigration to the United Kingdom Since 1945, immigration to the United Kingdom, controlled by British immigration law and to an extent by British nationality law, has been significant, in particular from the Republic of Ireland and from the former British Empire, especially ...

Ethnicity

Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom is an ethnically diverse society. The largest ethnic group in the United Kingdom is White British, followed by Asian British. Ethnicity in the United Kingdom is formally recorded at the national level through a census. The 201 ...

Commission for Racial Equality The Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) was a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom which aimed to address racial discrimination and promote racial equality. The commission was established in 1976, and disbanded in 2007 when its ...

White British White British is an ethnicity classification used for the native white population identifying as English, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish, Northern Irish, or British in the United Kingdom Census. In the 2011 census, the White British population ...

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

** Scottish ** Welsh **

Northern Irish Northern Irish people is a demonym for all people born in Northern Ireland or people who are entitled to reside in Northern Ireland without any restriction on their period of residence. Most Northern Irish people either identify as Northern ...

Ulster-Scot The Ulster Scots ( Ulster-Scots: ''Ulstèr-Scotch''; ga, Albanaigh Ultach), also called Ulster Scots people (''Ulstèr-Scotch fowk'') or (in North America) Scotch-Irish (''Scotch-Airisch''), are an ethnic group in Ireland, who speak an Ulst ...

** Cornish * White Irish * Other White Ethnic Groups **

an ***

French migration to the United Kingdom French migration to the United Kingdom is a phenomenon that has occurred at various points in history. The Norman Conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066 resulted in the arrival of Normans, while in the 16th and 17th centuries Protest ...

***

Dutch people in the United Kingdom The Dutch diaspora consists of Dutch people and their descendants living outside the Netherlands. Emigration from the Netherlands has been occurring for since at least the 17th century, and may be traced back to the international presence of the ...

*** Italians in the United Kingdom ***

Germans in the United Kingdom Germans in the United Kingdom form one of the largest minority groups in the country. Today, there are many Germans living in the United Kingdom, and many Britons or ''German British'' () have German ancestry, including the British royal family. ...

*** Spaniards in the United Kingdom *** Portuguese in the United Kingdom ***

Scandinavian migration to Britain Scandinavian migration to Britain is a phenomenon that has occurred at different periods over the past 1,200 years. Over the last couple of centuries, there has been regular migration from Scandinavia to Great Britain, from families looking to set ...

Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russia, whic ...

an *** Poles in the United Kingdom ***

Baltic people in the United Kingdom Baltic people in the United Kingdom are those born or raised in the UK, or residents, who are of ethnically Baltic, meaning Latvian or Lithuanian, origin. History, population and settlement In the early 20th century, many Latvian and Lithuanian ...

***

Lithuanians in the United Kingdom Lithuanians in the United Kingdom include individuals born in Lithuania who have migrated to the UK, among them Lithuanian citizens of Russian descent, as well as their British-born descendants. The 2011 UK Census recorded 95,730 Lithuanian-bor ...

*** Czechs in the United Kingdom ***

Hungarians in the United Kingdom Hungarians in the United Kingdom include Hungarian-born immigrants to the UK and their descendants, of whom there are a substantial number. Since Hungary joined the European Union in 2004, the UK's Hungarian population has grown significantly. Alt ...

***

Greeks in the United Kingdom Greeks in the United Kingdom are British residents and citizens of full or partial Greek heritage, or Greeks who emigrated to and reside in the United Kingdom. History Early Greek contact Mycenaean Greeks The Mycenaean civilization was a ...

*** Serbs in the United Kingdom *** Romanians in the United Kingdom *** Bulgarians in the United Kingdom *** British Cypriots ** North American *** Americans in the United Kingdom ***

Canadians in the United Kingdom Canadians in the United Kingdom, or Canadian Britons, are people from Canada living in the United Kingdom and their descendants. In 2001 some 72,518 people born in Canada were living in the UK according to the UK census. Of the ten census tract ...

*** Australians in the United Kingdom ** Other *** British Jews ***

Irish Travellers Irish Travellers ( ga, an lucht siúil, meaning "the walking people"), also known as Pavees or Mincéirs (Shelta: Mincéirí), are a traditionally peripatetic indigenous ethno-cultural group in Ireland.''Questioning Gypsy identity: ethnic na ...

*** Roma ***

New age travellers New Age travellers, not completely synonymous with but otherwise shortened to New Travellers (often referred to as "crusties"), are people in the United Kingdom generally espousing New Age beliefs along with the hippie culture of the 1960s (over ...

British Asian British Asians (also referred to as Asian Britons) are British citizens of Asian descent. They constitute a significant and growing minority of the people living in the United Kingdom, with 6.9% of the population identifying as Asian/Asian Bri ...

** British Indian **

British Pakistanis British Pakistanis ( ur, (Bratānia men maqīm pākstānī); also known as Pakistani British people or Pakistani Britons) are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom whose ancestral roots lie in Pakistan. This includes people born in ...

British Bangladeshi British Bangladeshis ( bn, বিলাতী বাংলাদেশী, Bilatī Bangladeshī) are people of Bangladeshi origin who have attained citizenship in the United Kingdom, through immigration and historical naturalisation. The term c ...

British Sri Lankans British Sri Lankans ( si, බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ශ්‍රී ලාංකිකයන්, , ta, பிரித்தானிய இலங்கையர்) are an ethnic group referring to British people who can trace their a ...

* Oriental British **

British Chinese British Chinese (also known as Chinese British or Chinese Britons) are people of Chineseparticularly Han Chineseancestry who reside in the United Kingdom, constituting the second-largest group of Overseas Chinese in Western Europe after France. ...

** Filipinos in the United Kingdom **

Japanese in the United Kingdom The include British citizens or permanent residents of Japanese birth, ancestry or citizenship as well as expatriate business professionals and their dependents on limited-term employment visas, students, trainees and young people participatin ...

Koreans in the United Kingdom Koreans in the United Kingdom include Korean-born migrants to the United Kingdom and their British-born descendants tracing ancestries from North Korea and South Korea. Demographics Population size The population of Koreans in the United Kingdo ...

** Thais in the United Kingdom **

Malaysians in the United Kingdom Malaysians in the United Kingdom are British citizens who have full or partial Malaysian origin or descent and Malaysian citizens residing in the United Kingdom. The 2001 UK Census recorded 49,886 Malaysian-born people. The 2011 census recorded ...

Singaporeans in the United Kingdom Singaporeans in the United Kingdom may refer to people who have full or partial Singaporean origin or descent, born or settled in the United Kingdom, or Singaporeans in Britain which are high-income expatriate professionals as well as skilled ...

* British Arabs **

Yemenis in the United Kingdom Yemenis in the United Kingdom include citizens and non-citizen immigrants in the United Kingdom of Yemeni ancestry, as well as their descendants. Yemenis have been present in the UK since the 1860s, and are probably the longest-established Muslim ...

British Iraqis British Iraqis are British citizens who originate from Iraq. The three main ethnicities within the British Iraqi community are Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen, according to a publication by the International Organization for Migration. There are also ...

** Armenians in the United Kingdom **

Iranians in the United Kingdom Iranians in the United Kingdom consist of people of Iranian nationality who have settled in the United Kingdom, as well as British residents and citizens of Iranian heritage. Iranians in the United Kingdom are referred to by hyphenated terms suc ...

** British Turks * Black British ** British African-Caribbean community ***

Barbadian British Barbadian British people, Bajan Brits or British Barbadians, are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom whose ethnic origins lie fully or partially in the Caribbean island of Barbados. The UK is home to the second largest Barbadian-born mi ...

***

British Jamaican British Jamaicans (or Jamaican British people) are British people who were born in Jamaica or who are of Jamaican descent. The community is well into its third generation and consists of around 300,000 individuals, the second-largest Jamaican ...

** African migration to Britain ***

Ghanaians in the United Kingdom Ghanaians in the United Kingdom (also British Ghanaians) encompass both Ghana-born immigrants and their descendants living in the United Kingdom. Immigration to the UK accelerated following the independence of Ghana from the British Empire i ...

*** Kenyan migration to the United Kingdom ***

British Nigerian British Nigerians are British people of Nigerian descent or Nigerians of British descent. This article is about residents and citizens of Nigerian descent living in Britain. Many Nigerians and their British-born descendants in Britain live in So ...

*** South Africans in the United Kingdom ***

Ugandan migration to the United Kingdom Ugandan migration to the United Kingdom refers to the movement of people from Uganda. Today, a small proportion of people in the United Kingdom were either born in Uganda, or have Ugandan ancestry. In 1972, almost 60,000 Ugandan Asians were exp ...

*** Tanzanians in the United Kingdom *** Zimbabweans in the United Kingdom * Latin American migration to the United Kingdom ** Argentines in the United Kingdom ** Brazilians in the United Kingdom **

Colombians in the United Kingdom Colombians in the United Kingdom ( es, Colombianos en el Reino Unido) include British citizens or residents who are of Colombian ancestry. According to the 2011 UK Census, the Colombian-born population of England was 25,016, Wales 166, Scotland ...

** Ecuadorians in the United Kingdom

Government, monarchy, politics and honours

* Form of government:

parliamentary A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democratic governance of a state (or subordinate entity) where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the support ("confidence") of the ...

multi-party In political science, a multi-party system is a political system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national elections, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in coa ...

representative democratic

constitutional monarchy A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making. Constitutional monarchies dif ...

Censorship in the United Kingdom Censorship in the United Kingdom has taken many forms throughout the history of the country, with either various stringent and lax laws in place at different times, especially concerning British cinema, entertainment venues, literature, the mon ...

* Elections in the United Kingdom ** British elections (specific elections) * Gun politics in the United Kingdom *

Political parties in the United Kingdom The Electoral Commission's Register of Political Parties lists the details of political parties registered to fight elections in the United Kingdom, including their registered name. Under current electoral law, including the Registration o ...

* Political scandals of the United Kingdom *

Taxation in the United Kingdom Taxation in the United Kingdom may involve payments to at least three different levels of government: central government ( HM Revenue & Customs), devolved governments and local government. Central government revenues come primarily from income ...

Monarchy

* Air transport of the Royal Family and government of the United Kingdom * British Royal Family * British monarchs' family tree *

Monarchy of the United Kingdom The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional form of government by which a hereditary sovereign reigns as the head of state of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies (the Baili ...

* Coronation of the British monarch *

Household Cavalry The Household Cavalry (HCav) is made up of the two most senior regiments of the British Army, the Life Guards and the Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons). These regiments are divided between the Household Cavalry Regiment sta ...

Household Division Household Division is a term used principally in the Commonwealth of Nations to describe a country's most elite or historically senior military units, or those military units that provide ceremonial or protective functions associated directly with ...

* HMY ''Britannia'' *

Line of succession to the British throne Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, gender, legitimacy and religion. Under common law, the Crown is inherited by a sovereign's children or by a childless sovereign's nearest collateral line. The Bill of Rights 1689 a ...

List of British royal residences British royal residences are palaces, castles and houses occupied by members of the British royal family in the United Kingdom. Some, like Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, are owned by the Crown (ownership by the British monarch ...

List of British monarchs There have been 13 British monarchs since the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on 1 May 1707. England and Scotland had been in personal union since 24 March 1603. On 1 January 1801, the Kingdom of Great Brit ...

* List of Royal Yachts of the United Kingdom * List of UK place names with royal patronage *

List of organisations in the United Kingdom with a royal charter List of organisations in the United Kingdom with a royal charter is an incomplete list of organisations based in the United Kingdom that have received a royal charter from an English, Scottish, or British monarch. There are over 900 bodies ...

* King's Guard and King's Life Guard *

Royal Assent Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf. In some jurisdictions, royal assent is equivalent to promulgation, while in oth ...

Royal Charter A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but s ...

Royal Christmas Message The King's Christmas Message (also known as The Queen's Christmas Message in the reign of a female monarch, formally as His Majesty's Most Gracious Speech, and informally as the Royal Christmas Message) is a broadcast made by the sovereign of t ...

* Royal Collection Management Committee *

Royal Collection Trust The Royal Collection of the British royal family is the largest private art collection in the world. Spread among 13 occupied and historic royal residences in the United Kingdom, the collection is owned by King Charles III and overseen by the ...

* Royal Collection * Royal Household * Royal Librarian *

Royal Library, Windsor The office of Royal Librarian, in the Royal Collection Department of the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, is responsible for the care and maintenance of the books and manuscripts in the Royal Library, a collection spread ...

Royal Peculiar A royal peculiar is a Church of England parish or church exempt from the jurisdiction of the diocese and the province in which it lies, and subject to the direct jurisdiction of the monarch, or in Cornwall by the duke. Definition The church par ...

* Royal Philatelic Collection *

Royal Prerogative The royal prerogative is a body of customary authority, privilege and immunity, recognized in common law and, sometimes, in civil law jurisdictions possessing a monarchy, as belonging to the sovereign and which have become widely vested in th ...

Royal Standard In heraldry and vexillology, a heraldic flag is a flag containing coats of arms, heraldic badges, or other devices used for personal identification. Heraldic flags include banners, standards, pennons and their variants, gonfalons, guidons, and ...

* Royal Style and Titles Act *

Royal Train A royal train is a set of railway carriages dedicated for the use of the monarch or other members of a royal family. Most monarchies with a railway system employ a set of royal carriages. Australia The various government railway operators of ...

Royal Warrant of Appointment (United Kingdom) Royal warrants of appointment have been issued since the 15th century to those who supply goods or services to a royal court or certain royal personages. The warrant enables the supplier to advertise the fact that they supply to the royal famil ...

Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom The royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, or the royal arms for short, is the arms of dominion of the British monarch, currently King Charles III. These arms are used by the King in his official capacity as monarch of the United Kingdom. Vari ...

Royal forest A royal forest, occasionally known as a kingswood (), is an area of land with different definitions in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The term ''forest'' in the ordinary modern understanding refers to an area of wooded land; however, the ...

* Style of the British sovereign * Succession to the British Throne

Branches of the government

Executive branch

* Head of state: Sovereign of the United Kingdom,

King Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He was the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales and, at age 73, became the oldest person to a ...

** Coronation of the British monarch ***

Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom The Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, originally the Crown Jewels of England, are a collection of royal ceremonial objects kept in the Tower of London which include the coronation regalia and vestments worn by British monarchs. Symbols of ov ...

Head of government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, ...

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern ...

(

list A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby unio ...

), Rishi Sunak * Cabinet of the United Kingdom * Departments of the United Kingdom Government

Legislative branch

Parliament of the United Kingdom The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace of Westminster, London. It alone possesses legislative suprema ...

( bicameral) **

List of parliaments of the United Kingdom This is a list of parliaments of the United Kingdom, tabulated with the elections to the House of Commons and the list of members of the House. The parliaments are numbered from the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ...

List of parliaments of Great Britain This is a listing of sessions of the Parliament of Great Britain, tabulated with the elections to the House of Commons of Great Britain for each session, and the list of members of the House. The sessions are numbered from the formation of the ...

Upper house An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.''Bicameralism'' (1997) by George Tsebelis The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restric ...

House of Lords The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by appointment, heredity or official function. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminste ...

** Lower house: House of Commons of the United Kingdom *** List of British MPs

Judicial branch

Courts of the United Kingdom A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in acco ...

Courts of England and Wales The courts of England and Wales, supported administratively by His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service, are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice in England and Wales. The United Kingdom does not have ...

Courts of Northern Ireland The courts of Northern Ireland are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice in Northern Ireland: they are constituted and governed by the law of Northern Ireland. Prior to the partition of Ireland, Northern I ...

Courts of Scotland The courts of Scotland are responsible for administration of justice in Scotland, under statutory, common law and equitable provisions within Scots law. The courts are presided over by the judiciary of Scotland, who are the various judicial o ...

* Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

Foreign relations

Foreign relations of the United Kingdom The diplomatic foreign relations of the United Kingdom are conducted by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, headed by the Foreign Secretary. The prime minister and numerous other agencies play a role in setting policy, and many ...

History History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...

Timeline of British diplomatic history This timeline covers the main points of British (and English) foreign policy from 1485 to the early 21st century. 16th century * Henry VII becomes king (1485–1509), founding the Tudor dynasty and ending the long civil war called "Wars of th ...

* United Kingdom and the United Nations * Special Relationship *

Diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom This is a list of diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom. At present, the capital city of London hosts 166 embassies and high commissions. Several other countries have ambassadors accredited to the United Kingdom, with most being resident in ...

Diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom This is a list of diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, excluding honorary consulates. The UK has one of the largest global networks of diplomatic missions. UK diplomatic missions to capit ...

International organisation membership

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a member of: *

African Development Bank The African Development Bank Group (AfDB) or (BAD) is a multilateral development finance institution headquartered in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, since September 2014. The AfDB is a financial provider to African governments and private companies ...

(AfDB) (nonregional member) * African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) *

Arctic Council The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic. At present, eight countries exercise sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic Circle ...

(observer) *

Asian Development Bank The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established on 19 December 1966, which is headquartered in the Ortigas Center located in the city of Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines. The bank also maintains 31 field offic ...

(ADB) (nonregional member) *

Australia Group The Australia Group is a multilateral export control regime (MECR) and an informal group of countries (now joined by the European Commission) established in 1985 (after the use of chemical weapons by Iraq in 1984) to help member countries to i ...

Bank for International Settlements The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution owned by central banks that "fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks". The BIS carries out its work thr ...

(BIS) * British-Irish Council (BIC) *

Caribbean Development Bank The Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) is a financial institution that helps Caribbean nations finance social and economic programs in its member countries. CDB was established by an Agreement signed on October 18, 1969, in Kingston, Jamaica, and ent ...

(CDB) (nonregional member) *

* Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI) * Council of Europe (CE) *

Council of the Baltic Sea States The Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) is a regional intergovernmental organisation working on three priority areas: Regional Identity, Safe & Secure Region and Sustainable & Prosperous Region. These three priority areas aim to address ...

(CBSS) *

Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) is a post–Cold War, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) institution. The EAPC is a multilateral forum created to improve relations between NATO and non-NATO countries in Europe and Central Asi ...

(EAPC) * European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) * European Investment Bank (EIB) * European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (

EUMETSAT The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) is an intergovernmental organisation created through an international convention agreed by a current total of 30 European Member States. EUMETSAT's primary ...

) *

European Organization for Nuclear Research The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN (; ; ), is an intergovernmental organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, it is based in a northwestern suburb of Gene ...

(CERN) * European Space Agency (ESA) *

Food and Agriculture Organization The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)french: link=no, Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; it, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura is an intern ...

(FAO) * General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) *

Group of Five The Group of Five (G5) encompasses five nations which have joined together for an active role in the rapidly evolving international order. Individually and as a group, the G5 nations work to promote dialogue and understanding between developing ...

(G5) *

Group of Eight The Group of Eight (G8) was an inter-governmental political forum from 1997 until 2014. It had formed from incorporating Russia into the Group of Seven, or G7, and returned to its previous name after Russia left in 2014. The forum originate ...

(G8) * Group of Ten (G10) * Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (G20) * Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) * International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) * International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) *

International Chamber of Commerce The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC; French: ''Chambre de commerce internationale'') is the largest, most representative business organization in the world. Its over 45 million members in over 100 countries have interests spanning every sec ...

(ICC) *

International Civil Aviation Organization The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international a ...

(ICAO) *

International Confederation of Free Trade Unions The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) was an international trade union. It came into being on 7 December 1949 following a split within the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), and was dissolved on 31 October 2006 when ...

(ICFTU) *

International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals f ...

(ICCt) * International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL * International Development Association (IDA) * International Energy Agency (IEA) * International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) *

International Finance Corporation The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory, and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in less developed countries. The IFC is a member of ...

(IFC) * International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) *

International Hydrographic Organization The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental organisation representing hydrography. , the IHO comprised 98 Member States. A principal aim of the IHO is to ensure that the world's seas, oceans and navigable waters a ...

(IHO) *

International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and o ...

(ILO) * International Maritime Organization (IMO) *

International Mobile Satellite Organization The International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) is the intergovernmental organization that oversees certain public satellite safety and security communication services provided via the Inmarsat satellites. Some of these services concern: ...

(IMSO) *

International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster glo ...

(IMF) *

International Olympic Committee The International Olympic Committee (IOC; french: link=no, Comité international olympique, ''CIO'') is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is constituted in the form of an association under the Swiss ...

(IOC) *

International Organization for Migration The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is a United Nations agency that provides services and advice concerning migration to governments and migrants, including internally displaced persons, refugees, and migrant workers. The IOM w ...

(IOM) *

International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) is an international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Art ...

(ISO) * International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) *

International Telecommunication Union The International Telecommunication Union is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information and communication technologies. It was established on 17 May 1865 as the International Telegraph Unio ...

(ITU) *

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) is an intergovernmental organization charged with overseeing the public service obligations of Intelsat, which was privatized in 2001. It incorporates the principle set forth ...

(ITSO) *

International Trade Union Confederation The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC); german: Internationaler Gewerkschaftsbund (IGB), link=no; es, Confederación Sindical Internacional (CSI), link=no. is the world's largest trade union federation. History The federation w ...

(ITUC) *

International Whaling Commission The International Whaling Commission (IWC) is a specialised regional fishery management organisation, established under the terms of the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW) to "provide for the proper conservation ...

(IWO) * Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) *

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is an international financial institution which offers political risk insurance and credit enhancement guarantees. These guarantees help investors protect foreign direct investments against ...

(MIGA) *

Non-Aligned Movement The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 countries that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. After the United Nations, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide. The movement originated in the aftermath o ...

(NAM) (guest) *

North Atlantic Treaty Organization The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...

(NATO) *

Nuclear Energy Agency The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is an intergovernmental agency that is organized under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Originally formed on 1 February 1958 with the name European Nuclear Energy Agency (ENEA)— ...

(NEA) *

Nuclear Suppliers Group The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is a multilateral export control regime and a group of nuclear supplier countries that seek to prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of materials, equipment and technology that can be used to m ...

(NSG) * Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) *

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organisation and the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which entered into force on 29 April 1997. The OPCW, with its 193 member ...

(OPCW) *

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization with observer status at the United Nations. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, pro ...

(OSCE) * Organization of American States (OAS) (observer) * Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) (partner) *

Paris Club The Paris Club (french: Club de Paris) is a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find co-ordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries. As debtor countries undertake ...

Permanent Court of Arbitration The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is a non-UN intergovernmental organization located in The Hague, Netherlands. Unlike a judicial court in the traditional sense, the PCA provides services of arbitral tribunal to resolve disputes that aris ...

(PCA) *

Secretariat of the Pacific Community The Pacific Community (PC), formerly the South Pacific Commission (SPC), is an international development organisation governed by 27 members, including 22 Pacific island countries and territories. The organisation's headquarters are in Nouméa, ...

(SPC) * Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) (observer) *

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...

(UN) *

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade. It was established in 1964 by the ...

(UNCTAD) *

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) is one of the five regional commissions under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. It was established in order to increase economic ...

(UNESCAP) *

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA or ECA; french: link=no, Commission économique pour l'Afrique, CEA) was established in 1958 by the United Nations Economic and Social Council to encourage economic cooperation among its ...

(UNECA) (associate) *

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE or UNECE) is one of the five regional commissions under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. It was established in order to promote economic cooperation and i ...

(UNECE) *

United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, known as ECLAC, UNECLAC or in Spanish and Portuguese CEPAL, is a United Nations regional commission to encourage economic cooperation. ECLAC includes 46 member States (2 ...

(UNECLAC) *

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...

(UNESCO) *

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integrati ...

(UNHCR) *

United Nations Industrial Development Organization The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (French: Organisation des Nations unies pour le développement industriel; French/Spanish acronym: ONUDI) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that assists countries in ...

(UNIDO) *

United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) is the officially mandated mission of the United Nations in Kosovo. The UNMIK describes its mandate as being to "help the United Nations Security Council achieve an overall ...

(UNMIK) *

United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two fi ...

(UNIKOM) *

United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina The United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) was an international organization formed under the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1035 on 21 December 1995. It completed its mandate on 31 December 2002, when it was succeed ...

(UNMIBH) *

United Nations Mission in Liberia The United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) was a peacekeeping operation established in September 2003 to monitor a ceasefire agreement in Liberia following the resignation of President Charles Taylor and the conclusion of the Second Liberia ...

(UNMIL) *

United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone The United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) was a United Nations peacekeeping operation in Sierra Leone from 1999 to 2006. It was created by the United Nations Security Council in October 1999 to help with the implementation of the Lom� ...

(UNAMSIL) *

United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or MONUSCO, an acronym based on its French name , is a United Nations peacekeeping force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) which was estab ...

(MONUC) *

United Nations Mission in the Sudan The United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) was established by the UN Security Council under Resolution 1590 of 24 March 2005, in response to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the government of the Sudan and the Suda ...

(UNMIS) * United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) *

United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus The United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) is a United Nations peacekeeping force that was established under United Nations Security Council Resolution 186 in 1964 to prevent a recurrence of fighting following intercommunal violen ...

(UNFICYP) *

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) is a UN agency that supports the relief and human development of Palestinian refugees. UNRWA's mandate encompasses Palestinians displaced by the 1948 P ...

(UNRWA) *

United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, an ...

(UNSC) (permanent member) *

United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), ( pt, Administração Transitória das Nações Unidas em Timor Leste), was a United Nations mission in East Timor that aimed to solve the decades long East Timorese cri ...

(UNTAET) *

United Nations University The (UNU) is the think tank and academic arm of the United Nations. Headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan, with diplomatic status as a UN institution, its mission is to help resolve global issues related to human development and welfare thr ...

(UNU) *

Universal Postal Union The Universal Postal Union (UPU, french: link=no, Union postale universelle), established by the Treaty of Bern of 1874, is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to ...

(UPU) *

Western European Union The Western European Union (WEU; french: Union de l'Europe occidentale, UEO; german: Westeuropäische Union, WEU) was the international organisation and military alliance that succeeded the Western Union (WU) after the 1954 amendment of the 1948 ...

(WEU) *

World Confederation of Labour The World Confederation of Labour (WCL) was an international labour organization founded in 1920 and based in Europe. Totalitarian governments of the 1930s repressed the federation and imprisoned many of its leaders, limiting operations until the ...

(WCL) *

World Customs Organization The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. The WCO works on customs-related matters including the development of international conventions, instruments, and tools on topics su ...

(WCO) *

World Federation of Trade Unions The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) is an international federation of trade unions established in 1945. Founded in the immediate aftermath of World War Two, the organization built on the pre-war legacy of the International Federation o ...

(WFTU) *

World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of ...

(WHO) *

World Intellectual Property Organization The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO; french: link=no, Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (OMPI)) is one of the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN). Pursuant to the 1967 Convention Establishi ...

(WIPO) *

World Meteorological Organization The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology and geophysics. The WMO originated from the Intern ...

(WMO) *

World Organization of the Scout Movement The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM ) is the largest international Scouting organization. WOSM has 173 members. These members are recognized national Scout organizations, which collectively have around 43 million participants. WOSM ...

World Tourism Organization The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United Nations specialized agency entrusted with the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. Its headquarters are in Madrid, Spain. UNWTO is the leading internati ...

(UNWTO) *

World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. With effective cooperation in the United Nations System, governments use the organization to establish, revise, and ...

(WTO) * World Veterans Federation * Zangger Committee (ZC)

Local government

List of local governments in the United Kingdom This is a list of articles relating to present and past types of local government in the United Kingdom. By country By sub-division Related concepts * Area committee * Combined authority * County * County council * Local enterprise p ...

Politics of England

Politics of England *

Regional assemblies in England The regional chambers of England were a group of indirectly elected regional bodies that were created by the provisions of the Regional Development Agencies Act 1998. There were eight regional chambers, one for each of the regions of England exce ...

* Local government in England **

History of local government in England The history of local government in England is one of gradual change and evolution since the Middle Ages. England has never possessed a formal written constitution, with the result that modern administration (and the judicial system) is based on ...

Mayors in England In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well as ...

Politics of Northern Ireland

Politics of Northern Ireland Since 1998, Northern Ireland has devolved government within the United Kingdom. The government and Parliament of the United Kingdom are responsible for reserved and excepted matters. Reserved matters are a list of policy areas (such as civil av ...

* Northern Ireland Assembly **

First Minister of Northern Ireland The First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland are the joint heads of government of the Northern Ireland Executive and have overall responsibility for the running of the Executive Office. Despite the different titles for the two ...

, Office

vacant Within the context of building construction and building codes, "occupancy" refers to the use, or intended use, of a building, or portion of a building, for the shelter or support of persons, animals or property. A closely related meaning is t ...

** Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland, Office

History of local government in Northern Ireland Northern Ireland is divided into 11 districts for local government purposes. In Northern Ireland, local councils do not carry out the same range of functions as those in the rest of the United Kingdom; for example they have no responsibility f ...

Mayors in Northern Ireland In Northern Ireland, if a local government district has borough status then the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the borough council may be styled Mayor and Deputy Mayor respectively. These provisions date from the Local Government Act (Northern Irel ...

Politics of Scotland

Edinburgh Scottish Parliament01 2006-04-29

Politics of Scotland The politics of Scotland operate within the constitution of the United Kingdom, of which Scotland is a home nation. Scotland is a democracy, being represented in both the Scottish Parliament and the Parliament of the United Kingdom since the S ...

History of Scottish devolution Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parl ...

Local government in Scotland Local government in Scotland comprises thirty-two local authorities, commonly referred to as councils. Each council provides public services, including education, social care, waste management, libraries and planning. Councils receive the major ...

History of local government in Scotland The History of local government in Scotland is a complex tale of largely ancient and long established Scottish political units being replaced after the mid 20th century by a frequently changing series of different local government arrangements. ...

** Provosts in Scotland * Pressure Groups in Scotland * Scottish Parliament ** First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon **

Members of the Scottish Parliament Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP; gd, Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba, BPA; sco, Memmer o the Scots Pairliament, MSP) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament. Electoral system The add ...

** 2007 Scottish Parliament election **

2011 Scottish Parliament election The 2011 Scottish Parliament election was held on Thursday, 5 May 2011 to elect 129 members to the Scottish Parliament. The election delivered the first majority government since the opening of Holyrood, a remarkable feat as the Additional M ...

** 2016 Scottish Parliament election **

2021 Scottish Parliament election The 2021 Scottish Parliament election took place on 6 May 2021, under the provisions of the Scotland Act 1998. All 129 Members of the Scottish Parliament were elected in the sixth election since the parliament was re-established in 1999. The e ...

Politics of Wales

Politics of Wales Politics in Wales ( Welsh: ''Gwleidyddiaeth Cymru'') forms a distinctive polity in the wider politics of the United Kingdom, with Wales as one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom (UK). Constitutionally, the United Kingdom is ...

Local government in Wales Since 1 April 1996, Wales has been divided into 22 single-tier principal areas ( cy, Awdurdodau unedol), styled as counties or county boroughs ( or ) for local government purposes. The elected councils of these areas are responsible for the ...

** History of local government in Wales **

Mayors in Wales In Wales, the office of Mayor or Lord Mayor (respectively in Welsh ''Maer'' and ''Arglwydd Faer'') had long been ceremonial posts, with little or no duties attached to it. Traditionally mayors have been elected by town, borough and city council ...

* Senedd (Welsh Parliament) **

Members of the Senedd A Member of the Senedd (MS; plural: ''MSs''; cy, Aelodau o'r Senedd; , plural:) (AS)., group=la is a representative elected to the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; ). There are sixty members, with forty members chosen to represent individual Senedd ...

Members of the 6th Senedd This is a list of Members of the Senedd elected to the sixth Senedd at the 2021 election. There are a total of 60 members elected, 40 were elected from first past the post constituencies with a further 20 members being returned from five reg ...

** 2007 National Assembly for Wales election **

2011 National Assembly for Wales election Eleven or 11 may refer to: *11 (number), the natural number following 10 and preceding 12 * one of the years 11 BC, AD 11, 1911, 2011, or any year ending in 11 Literature * ''Eleven'' (novel), a 2006 novel by British author David Llewellyn *' ...

2016 National Assembly for Wales election Sixteen or 16 may refer to: *16 (number), the natural number following 15 and preceding 17 *one of the years 16 BC, AD 16, 1916, 2016 Films * ''Pathinaaru'' or ''Sixteen'', a 2010 Tamil film * ''Sixteen'' (1943 film), a 1943 Argentine film d ...

2021 Senedd election 1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1 ...

Welsh Government , image = , caption = , date_established = , country = Wales , address = , leader_title = First Minister () , appointed = First Minister approved by the Senedd, ceremonially appointed ...

***

Second Drakeford government The second Drakeford government is the Labour-led government formed after the 2021 Senedd Election on 6 May 2021, with Mark Drakeford re-appointed as First Minister without opposition on 12 May 2021. Appointment On 12 May 2021, Mark Drakefo ...

*** First Minister of Wales, Mark Drakeford

Honours

New Year Honours The New Year Honours is a part of the British honours system, with New Year's Day, 1 January, being marked by naming new members of orders of chivalry and recipients of other official honours. A number of other Commonwealth realms also mark this ...

King's Birthday Honours The Birthday Honours, in some Commonwealth realms, mark the reigning British monarch's official birthday by granting various individuals appointment into national or dynastic orders or the award of decorations and medals. The honours are prese ...

Prime Minister's Resignation Honours The Prime Minister's Resignation Honours in the United Kingdom are honours granted at the behest of an outgoing prime minister following their resignation. In such a list, a prime minister may ask the monarch to bestow peerages, or lesser honours, ...

Chivalric order An order of chivalry, order of knighthood, chivalric order, or equestrian order is an order (distinction), order of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Catholic Military order (religious society), military orders of the ...

** Chivalric order#Modern orders *

List of honorary British knights and dames This is an incomplete list of people who have been created honorary Knights or Dames by the British crown, as well as those who have been raised to the two comparable Orders of Chivalry (Order of Merit and Order of the Companions of Honour ...

* British honours system * Declining a British honour

Military and Defence

British Armed Forces

Command

* Commander-in-chief: The Sovereign –

** Chief of the Defence Staff: General

Sir Nick Carter General Sir Nicholas Patrick Carter, (born 11 February 1959) is a Kenyan-born former senior British Army officer who served as Chief of the Defence Staff from June 2018 to November 2021. Carter served as commanding officer of 2nd Battalion, ...

***

First Sea Lord The First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff (1SL/CNS) is the military head of the Royal Navy and Naval Service of the United Kingdom. The First Sea Lord is usually the highest ranking and most senior admiral to serve in the British Armed Fo ...

: Admiral Tony Radakin ***

Chief of the General Staff The Chief of the General Staff (CGS) is a post in many armed forces (militaries), the head of the military staff. List * Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ( United States) * Chief of the General Staff (Abkhazia) * Chief of General Staff (Af ...

: General Sir Mark Carleton-Smith *** Chief of the Air Staff: Air Chief Marshal

Michael Wigston Air Chief Marshal Sir Michael Wigston, (born 25 February 1968) is the senior officer in the Royal Air Force, serving as Chief of the Air Staff since 26 July 2019. He previously served as Assistant Chief of the Air Staff from 2017 to 2018, and ...

Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) The Ministry of Defence (MOD or MoD) is the department responsible for implementing the defence policy set by His Majesty's Government, and is the headquarters of the British Armed Forces. The MOD states that its principal objectives are to ...

Defence Council of the United Kingdom The Defence Council of the United Kingdom is the body legally entrusted with the defence of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories and with control over the British armed forces, and is part of the Ministry of Defence. Functions Prior ...

Forces

* British Armed Forces **

British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...

** Royal Marines **

Royal Air Force The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) an ...

History

See

Law and order

Law of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom has four legal systems, each of which derives from a particular geographical area for a variety of historical reasons: English and Welsh law, Scots law, Northern Ireland law, and, since 2007, purely Welsh law (as a result o ...

* 9-9-9

emergency telephone number Most public switched telephone networks have a single emergency telephone number (sometimes known as the universal emergency telephone number or the emergency services number) that allows a caller to contact local emergency services for assis ...

British citizenship British nationality law prescribes the conditions under which a person is recognised as being a national of the United Kingdom. The six different classes of British nationality each have varying degrees of civil and political rights, due to the ...

British nationality law British nationality law prescribes the conditions under which a person is recognised as being a national of the United Kingdom. The six different classes of British nationality each have varying degrees of civil and political rights, due to the ...

* Cannabis in the United Kingdom * Capital punishment in the United Kingdom *

Common law In law, common law (also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law) is the body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions."The common law is not a brooding omnipres ...

Constitution of the United Kingdom The constitution of the United Kingdom or British constitution comprises the written and unwritten arrangements that establish the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as a political body. Unlike in most countries, no attemp ...

** History of the Constitution of the United Kingdom ** Magna Carta (1215) **

Petition of Right The Petition of Right, passed on 7 June 1628, is an English constitutional document setting out specific individual protections against the state, reportedly of equal value to Magna Carta and the Bill of Rights 1689. It was part of a wider ...

(1628) ** Habeas Corpus Act (1679) **

Bill of Rights A bill of rights, sometimes called a declaration of rights or a charter of rights, is a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country. The purpose is to protect those rights against infringement from public officials and pr ...

(1689) **

Great Reform Act The Representation of the People Act 1832 (also known as the 1832 Reform Act, Great Reform Act or First Reform Act) was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom (indexed as 2 & 3 Will. IV c. 45) that introduced major changes to the electo ...

(1832) **

Parliament Act The Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 are two Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which form part of the constitution of the United Kingdom. Section 2(2) of the Parliament Act 1949 provides that the two Acts are to be construed as one. T ...

(1911) **

Scotland Act 1998 The Scotland Act 1998 (c. 46) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which legislated for the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament with tax varying powers and the Scottish Government (then Scottish Executive). It was o ...

Northern Ireland Act 1998 __NOTOC__ The Northern Ireland Act 1998 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which allowed Westminster to devolve power to Northern Ireland, after decades of direct rule. It renamed the New Northern Ireland Assembly, established b ...

Government of Wales Act 1998 The Government of Wales Act 1998 (c. 38) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was passed in 1998 by the Labour government to create a Welsh Assembly, therefore granting Wales a degree of self-government. This legislative ...

House of Lords Act 1999 The House of Lords Act 1999 (c. 34) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed the House of Lords, one of the chambers of Parliament. The Act was given Royal Assent on 11 November 1999. For centuries, the House of Lords ...

Crime in the United Kingdom Crime in the United Kingdom describes acts of violent crime and non-violent crime that take place within the United Kingdom. Courts and police systems are separated into three sections, based on the different judicial systems of England and Wale ...

Law of the European Union European Union law is a system of rules operating within the member states of the European Union (EU). Since the founding of the European Coal and Steel Community following World War II, the EU has developed the aim to "promote peace, its valu ...

Human rights in the United Kingdom Human rights in the United Kingdom concern the fundamental rights in law of every person in the United Kingdom. An integral part of the UK constitution, human rights derive from common law, from statutes such as Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights ...

Civil liberties in the United Kingdom Civil liberties in the United Kingdom are part of UK constitutional law and have a long and formative history. This is usually considered to have begun with Magna Carta of 1215, a landmark document in British constitutional history. Development o ...

LGBT rights in the United Kingdom The rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have varied over time. Prior to the formal introduction of Christianity in Britain in 597 AD, when Augustine of Ca ...

** Freedom of religion in the United Kingdom *

High treason in the United Kingdom Under the law of the United Kingdom, high treason is the crime of disloyalty to the Crown. Offences constituting high treason include plotting the murder of the sovereign; committing adultery with the sovereign's consort, with the sovereign's el ...

Law enforcement in the United Kingdom Law enforcement in the United Kingdom is organised separately in each of the legal systems of the United Kingdom: England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. Most law enforcement is carried out by police officers serving in regional po ...

Diplomatic Protection Group Parliamentary and Diplomatic Protection (PaDP) is a branch of Protection Command within the Specialist Operations directorate of London's Metropolitan Police Service. Duties A unit of the Metropolitan Police Service, PaDP is responsible for p ...

National Crime Agency The National Crime Agency (NCA) is a national law enforcement agency in the United Kingdom. It is the UK's lead agency against organised crime; human, weapon and drug trafficking; cybercrime; and economic crime that goes across regional and in ...

** Special Branch *

List of prisons in the United Kingdom List of prisons in the United Kingdom is a list of all 141 current prisons as of 2022 in the United Kingdom spread across the three UK legal systems of England and Wales (122 prisons), Scotland, (15 prisons) and Northern Ireland (4 prisons). Al ...

* United Kingdom prison population

Law of England and Wales

Crown Prosecution Service The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is the principal public agency for conducting criminal prosecutions in England and Wales. It is headed by the Director of Public Prosecutions. The main responsibilities of the CPS are to provide legal advi ...

* His Majesty's Prison Service *

Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements In the jurisdiction of England and Wales, a Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangement (MAPPA) is an arrangement, set up in 2001, for the "responsible authorities" tasked with the management of registered sex offenders, violent and other types of s ...

* National Offender Management Service *

National Probation Service The Probation Service (formerly the National Probation Service) for England and Wales is a statutory criminal justice service, mainly responsible for the supervision of offenders in the community and the provision of reports to the criminal cour ...

* Police Federation of England and Wales * Prison population of England and Wales * Serious Fraud Office

Law of Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland law * Independent Commission on Policing for Northern Ireland

Law of Scotland

Scots law *

Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service The Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service is the independent public prosecution service for Scotland, and is a Ministerial Department of the Scottish Government. The department is headed by His Majesty's Lord Advocate, who under the ...

Faculty of Advocates The Faculty of Advocates is an independent body of lawyers who have been admitted to practise as advocates before the courts of Scotland, especially the Court of Session and the High Court of Justiciary. The Faculty of Advocates is a constit ...

* Scottish Police Federation *

Scottish Prison Service The Scottish Prison Service (SPS) is an executive agency of the Scottish Government tasked with managing prisons and Young Offender Institutions. The Chief Executive of the Scottish Prison Service, currently Teresa Medhurst, is responsible f ...

* Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency

Infrastructure

* Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom

Regulatory bodies

* Advertising Standards Authority * Financial Services Authority or FSA *

Housing Corporation The Housing Corporation was the non-departmental public body that funded new affordable housing and regulated housing associations in England. It was established by the Housing Act 1964. On 1 December 2008, its functions were transferred to two n ...

* Office of Communications (Ofcom) * Office of the Water Regulator (Ofwat) *

Press Complaints Commission The Press Complaints Commission (PCC) was a voluntary regulatory body for British printed newspapers and magazines, consisting of representatives of the major publishers. The PCC closed on Monday 8 September 2014, and was replaced by the Inde ...

* Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner (OISC)

Trade Union Federations

* Irish Congress of Trades Unions *

Trades Union Congress The Trades Union Congress (TUC) is a national trade union centre, a federation of trade unions in England and Wales, representing the majority of trade unions. There are 48 affiliated unions, with a total of about 5.5 million members. Frances ...

Scottish Trades Union Congress The Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC) is the national trade union centre in Scotland. With 40 affiliated unions as of 2020, the STUC represents over 540,000 trade unionists. The STUC is a separate organisation from the English and Welsh T ...

Transport

Transport in the United Kingdom * British Rail * Airports in the United Kingdom *

Bus transport in the United Kingdom Buses play a major role in the public transport of the United Kingdom, as well as seeing extensive private use. While rail transport has increased over the past twenty years due to road congestion, the same does not apply to buses, which have ...

Coach transport in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom has a number of intercity coach services. Comparison with other travel modes Coach services generally travel further than, and do not stop as frequently as, and cost more than, bus services. It is common, but not universal, ...

* List of long-distance footpaths in the United Kingdom * Railway system **

History of rail transport The history of rail transport began in the BCE times. It can be divided into several discrete periods defined by the principal means of track material and motive power used. Ancient systems The Post Track, a prehistoric causeway in the v ...

** List of railway viaducts in the United Kingdom ** Stations A-Z **

London Underground The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England. The ...

* Transport in the United Kingdom#Trams and light rail, Trams and Light Rail Trams and light rail systems * Roads in the United Kingdom ** British car number plates ** Great Britain road numbering scheme ** List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom ** List of motorways in the United Kingdom ** Motoring taxation in the United Kingdom * Waterways in the United Kingdom ** British Waterways ** Waterways Ireland ** History of the British canal system * List of tunnels in the United Kingdom, Tunnels in the United Kingdom * List of cycleways#United Kingdom, Cycleways in the United Kingdom * Common Travel Area * Transport Scotland

Economy

Economy of the United Kingdom * List of countries by GDP (nominal), Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2008): 6th (sixth) * Economic history of the United Kingdom ** The Industrial Revolution ** The Great Depression in the United Kingdom * Financial services industry of the United Kingdom ** Banking in the United Kingdom ** Banks of the United Kingdom *** Bank of England *** Bank of Scotland *** Royal Bank of Scotland ** London Stock Exchange *** FTSE 100 Index ** Private finance initiative ** Currency, Currency of the United Kingdom: pound sterling *** ISO 4217: GBP *** British coinage *** British banknotes *** Pound sterling * Communications in the United Kingdom ** Internet in the United Kingdom * :Companies of the United Kingdom, Companies of the United Kingdom * Manufacturing in the United Kingdom ** Automotive industry in the United Kingdom ** Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom ** Pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom * Construction industry of the United Kingdom *

** Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom ** Energy policy of the United Kingdom *** Energy policy of Scotland * Legal services in the United Kingdom * Real estate in the United Kingdom * Tourism in the United Kingdom ** Tourism in England ** Tourism in Scotland ** Tourism in Wales ** List of tourist attractions in Ireland, Tourism in Northern Ireland * Transport in the United Kingdom * Economy of London ** City of London

History

* History of the United Kingdom ** Timeline of British history * History of England ** Social history of England ** Timeline of English history * History of Scotland ** Timeline of Scottish history * History of Wales * History of Northern Ireland **Plantation of Ulster * History of the formation of the United Kingdom ** Treaty of Union ** Acts of Union 1707 ** Act of Union 1800 * British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth * Underground (British subculture), UK underground

History by period

* Georgian era * Victorian era * Edwardian era * History of the United Kingdom during the First World War, First World War * Interwar Britain, Interwar * Second World War **United Kingdom home front during World War II, civilian **Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II, military * Postwar **Postwar Britain (1945–1979), political **Social history of Postwar Britain (1945–1979), social * Since 1979 **Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present), political **Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present), social

Historical states of the British Isles

* Ancient Britain * Avalon * Roman Britain * Caledonia * Hibernia * Kingdom of the Picts * Kingdom of the Scots * Heptarchy * England in the Middle Ages, States in Medieval Britain * Commonwealth of England * Kingdom of England * Kingdom of Ireland * Kingdom of Scotland (when Picts and Scots merged in 843) * Kingdom of Great Britain (when England & Scotland merged in 1707); * United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (when Great Britain and Ireland merged in 1801)

By subject

* Economic history of the United Kingdom ** Economic history of Scotland * Maritime history of the United Kingdom ** Maritime history of England ** Maritime history of Scotland * Military history of the United Kingdom ** Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II ** Bletchley Park * History of agriculture in Scotland * History of Bangladeshis in the United Kingdom * History of Christianity in Scotland * History of company law in the United Kingdom * History of education in England * History of education in Scotland * History of electroconvulsive therapy in the United Kingdom * History of fire brigades in the United Kingdom * History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom * History of football in England * History of football in Scotland * History of labour law in the United Kingdom * History of law enforcement in the United Kingdom * History of lidos in the United Kingdom * History of local government in the United Kingdom **

** History of local government in Wales * History of medical regulation in the United Kingdom * History of Megabus routes in the United Kingdom * Metrication in the United Kingdom, History of metrication in the United Kingdom * History of psychosurgery in the United Kingdom * History of rail transport in the United Kingdom * History of rugby union in Scotland * History of taxation in the United Kingdom * History of the Church of England * History of the Constitution of the United Kingdom * History of the formation of the United Kingdom * History of the Green Party of England and Wales * History of the Jews in the United Kingdom ** History of the Jews in England *** History of the Jews in England (1066–1290) ** History of the Jews in Northern Ireland ** History of the Jews in Scotland ** History of the Jews in Wales * History of the Marranos in England * History of rail transport in Great Britain * History of rail transport in Ireland * History of the Reformation in Scotland * History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom * History of the trust movement in Scotland * History of trial by jury in England * History of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom

Culture

Culture of the United Kingdom * British cuisine ** English cuisine ** Northern Irish cuisine ** Irish cuisine ** Scottish cuisine ** Welsh cuisine * List of festivals in the United Kingdom, Festivals in the United Kingdom * Gambling in the United Kingdom * British humour * Marriage in the United Kingdom ** Marriage in England and Wales ** Marriage in Northern Ireland ** Marriage in Scotland ** Civil partnership in the United Kingdom * Media of the United Kingdom * Symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man ** Coat of arms of the United Kingdom ** Flag of the United Kingdom *** Union Jack ** National anthem of the United Kingdom * Prostitution in the United Kingdom * Public holidays in the United Kingdom * Religion in the United Kingdom ** Buddhism in the United Kingdom ** Christianity in the United Kingdom ** Hinduism in the United Kingdom ** Islam in the United Kingdom ** Judaism in the United Kingdom ** Sikhism in the United Kingdom * List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom, World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom

Architecture

Architecture of the United Kingdom * List of cathedrals in England and Wales * Council houses * Energy efficiency in British housing * Housing associations * List of bridges in the United Kingdom * National House Building Council * New towns * Piers (England and Wales) * List of reservoirs and dams in the United Kingdom, Reservoirs and dams in the United Kingdom * Town and Country Planning in the United Kingdom

Architecture of England

* Abbeys and priories in England * List of crossings of the River Thames, Crossing the Thames, including tunnels * Historic houses in England *

Architecture of Scotland

* Abbeys and priories in Scotland

Architecture of Wales

* Abbeys and priories in Wales

Architecture of Northern Ireland

* Abbeys and priories in Northern Ireland

Gardens

* List of botanical gardens in the United Kingdom * Gardens in England * Gardens in Scotland * Gardens in Wales * Gardens in Northern Ireland

The arts

* Art of the United Kingdom **

** Pornography in the United Kingdom * British comedy * Cinema of the United Kingdom * Literature of the United Kingdom ** List of English writers * Music of the United Kingdom * Television in the United Kingdom * Theatre of the United Kingdom ** List of British playwrights ** List of theatres in the United Kingdom

Museums

* Museums in England * Museums in Northern Ireland * Museums in Scotland * Museums in Wales * List of British railway museums

Music

* Music of the United Kingdom ** List of music festivals in the United Kingdom

Popular music

* British pop music * British popular music * Early British popular music * British Invasion * New wave of British heavy metal * Britpop * List of one-hit wonders on the UK Singles Chart * United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest * Music Hall

Classical music

* BBC Symphony Orchestra * BBC National Orchestra of Wales * BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra * BBC Philharmonic Orchestra * City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra (CBSO) * Hallé Orchestra * Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra * Royal Philharmonic Orchestra * Royal Scottish National Orchestra * Philharmonia * London Symphony Orchestra * London Philharmonic Orchestra * Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra * Scottish Chamber Orchestra * The Proms * Opera in English, British opera * Ulster Orchestra

Folk music

* Folk music of England, Music of England * Music of Ireland, Music of Northern Ireland * Music of Scotland * Music of Wales

Theatre

* Royal Academy of Dramatic Art * Royal National Theatre * Laurence Olivier Awards * :Theatres in England, Theatres in England * :Theatres in Northern Ireland, Theatres in Northern Ireland * :Theatres in Scotland, Theatres in Scotland * :Theatres in Wales, Theatres in Wales

Film

Cinema of the United Kingdom * British Film Institute ** BFI Top 100 British films * National Film and Television Archive * British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) * British Independent Film Awards * Carry On films

Cultural icons

Land Rover Defender 110 XS TD DC 2015 - front

United Kingdom icons

* AEC Routemaster red double-decker bus * Baked beans * Basil Fawlty * ''The Beano'' * The Beatles * Clock Tower, Palace of Westminster, Big Ben chimes * Hackney carriage, Black Cab (hackney cab) * Boudica * Bowler hat * Britannia * Monarchy of the United Kingdom, British Monarchy * Britpop * British Rail * Bulldog, British Bulldog * Cap of Maintenance * ''A Clockwork Orange (film), A Clockwork Orange'' * Cool Britannia * Concorde * ''Coronation Street'' * ''Crossroads (soap opera), Crossroads'' *

* Cutty Sark * ''Dad's Army'' * ''Doctor Who'' * Dig for Victory * ''EastEnders'' * England expects that every man will do his duty * Excalibur * ''Excalibur (comics)'' * ''Fawlty Towers'' * The Few, "Never was so much owed by so many to so few, ..so much owed by so many to so few" * Fish and chips * Football (soccer) * Frank Spencer (Michael Crawford), Frank Spencer * Full breakfast: Full English breakfast, Full English, Full breakfast#Ulster fry, Ulster fry, Full breakfast#Scotland, Scottish, Full breakfast#Wales, Welsh * ''Gentleman's Relish'' * God Save the Queen * Stalag Luft III#The "Great Escape" (1944), The Great Escape * Hackney carriage * Harry Potter * HP sauce * Hyacinth Bucket * ''The Italian Job'' * Jaffa Cakes * James Bond * John Bull * King Arthur * Land of Hope and Glory * Land Rover Defender * Last Night of the Proms * The Lion and the Unicorn * Lonsdale Belt * ''The Lord of the Rings'' * Marks & Spencer * Marmite * Mini * Miniskirt * Miss Marple * Mod (subculture), Mod * Monty Python * Morrissey * Page Three girl * Pantomime * Pint glass * Police box * Public house, Pub * Punk subculture, Punk * King's Guard * * Red Arrows * Red post boxes * Red telephone boxes * European robin, Robin * Rolls-Royce Motor Cars * Royal Warrant of Appointment (United Kingdom), Royal Warrant * Rule Britannia * Rugby football, Rugby * The Sex Pistols * Sherlock Holmes * Skinhead * Special Air Service (SAS) * Sten * Suffragettes * Supermarine Spitfire * Swinging Sixties * Tea (cup of) * Tea (meal) * Test Card F * ''Thunderbirds (TV series), Thunderbirds'' * Tommy Atkins (generic name for a British soldier) * Tommy helmet, Brodie helmet (helmet worn by the above) * Trooping the Colour * Twiglets * Umbrella * Union Flag * Climate of the United Kingdom, Weather * We shall never surrender, ..fight them on the beaches speech * ''Wallace and Gromit'' * Wellington boot * Winston Churchill * Woolworths Group plc

English icons

* 1966 FIFA World Cup squads#.C2.A0England, 1966 World cup squad * And did those feet in ancient time * ''Angel of the North'' * Bangers and mash * The Boat Race * Clapham Junction railway station, Clapham Junction * Cricket * Del Boy * ''Dixon of Dock Green'' * ''EastEnders'' * English rose (epithet), English rose * Full English breakfast * Jack the Ripper * King Arthur * London Bridge * London Eye * M25 motorway * Morris dance * ''Only Fools and Horses'' * Oxbridge * Premier League * Robin Hood * Saint George's Cross * Soho * Gravelly Hill Interchange, Spaghetti Junction * Status Quo (band), Status Quo * Stilton cheese * Stonehenge * There'll Always Be an England * Three Lions * Tower Bridge * Tube map * Tudor rose * Yeoman * Yeomen Warders * White Cliffs of Dover

Northern Irish icons

* Carrickfergus Castle * Free Derry * George Best * Giant's Causeway * Glens of Antrim * H-Blocks * Harland and Wolff * Hurling, administered by Ulster GAA * Mourne Mountains * Saint Patrick's Day

Scottish icons

* Alex Ferguson * Auld Lang Syne * Bagpipes *

* Billy Connolly * Dundee cake * Edinburgh Castle * Eilean Donan Castle * Flower of Scotland * Forth Bridge * Full Scottish breakfast * Great Highland bagpipe * Hackle * Haggis (with Rutabaga, neeps and Potato, tatties) * Highland games * Kilt * Loch Lomond * Loch Ness * Old Firm * Oatcake * Porridge * Robert the Bruce * Robert Burns * Saltire, St Andrew's Cross * Scotch whisky * Scotland the Brave * Scottish Premier League * Scots Wha Hae * Sgian-dubh * Shinty * Shortbread * Stirling Castle * Tam o' shanter (cap), Tam o' shanter * Tartan * Thistle * Trews * Tweed (cloth) * Unicorn * Up Helly Aa

Welsh icons

* Bryn Terfel * Cymraeg (Welsh language) * Daffodil * Eisteddfod inc. National Eisteddfod of Wales * Land of my Fathers * Laver bread * Leek * Rhondda, Rhondda Valley * Rugby union in Wales * Tom Jones (singer) * Welsh Dragon * Welsh rarebit * Welsh hat

Languages

Languages of the United Kingdom * English Language ** List of dialects of the English language, English dialects *** British English *** Regional accents of English speakers *** English language in England *** Scottish English *** Welsh English *** Ulster English *** Hiberno-English ** Comparison of American and British English ** Oxford English Dictionary * Celtic languages ** Welsh language, Welsh ** Scots Gaelic ** Irish language in Northern Ireland *** Ulster Irish ** Cornish language, Cornish ** Manx language, Manx * Scots language, Scots in Scotland and Ulster Scots language, Ulster * British Sign Language (BSL) * Romani language, Romany * Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi languages ** Gujarati language, Gujarati ** Telugu language, Telugu ** Tamil language, Tamil ** Hindi language, Hindi ** Punjabi language, Punjabi ** Urdu ** Bengali language, Bengali

People

* British people ** Lists of Britons * English people ** List of English people * People of Northern Ireland * Scottish people ** List of Scots * Welsh people ** List of Welsh people * Cornish people ** List of people from Cornwall, List of Cornish people * List of blue plaques, List of people commemorated by blue plaques

Interest groups and societies

* British Professional Bodies * British Women's Institute, Women's Institute * List of learned societies#United Kingdom, List of UK learned societies * List of London's gentlemen's clubs * Pressure groups in the United Kingdom ** Fathers' rights movement in the UK

Religion

Religion in the United Kingdom * Religion in England * Religion in Northern Ireland * Religion in Scotland * Religion in Wales * Christianity ** Assemblies of God in Great Britain ** Church of England (the established church in England) ** Church of Scotland (the national church of Scotland) ** Church of Ireland ** Church in Wales ** Episcopal Church of Scotland ** Free Church of Scotland (post 1900) ** Free Church of Scotland (Continuing) ** Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster ** Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland ** Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland ** Presbyterian Church of Ireland ** Presbyterian Church of Wales ** General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches ** Methodism ** Open Brethren ** Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland ** Roman Catholic Church in England and Wales ** Roman Catholic Church in Scotland ** Coptic Orthodox Church in Britain and Ireland ** United Reformed Church ** Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) ** The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints * Hinduism in the United Kingdom ** Hinduism in England ** Hinduism in Northern Ireland ** Hinduism in Scotland ** Hinduism in Wales * Islam in the United Kingdom ** Islam in England ** Islam in Northern Ireland ** Islam in Scotland ** Islam in Wales * Judaism ** History of the Jews in England ** History of the Jews in Scotland * Sikhism in the United Kingdom ** Sikhism in England ** Sikhism in Scotland * Buddhism in the United Kingdom ** Buddhism in England ** Buddhism in Scotland * Druidry, Druidism * Other ** Atheism/ Irreligion ** Jedi census phenomenon, Jedi ** Scientology in the United Kingdom ** Status of religious freedom in the United Kingdom

Sports, games, and pastimes

Sport in the United Kingdom The following are the major sports; local groups may well play many others.

Angling

* National Federation of Anglers * National Federation of Sea Anglers * Salmon and Trout Association

Chess

* English Chess Federation * Scottish Chess Championship

Cricket

* Cricket in England ** 2005 English cricket season ** England cricket team ** Marylebone Cricket Club ** County cricket * Cricket in Scotland ** Scotland national cricket team * Cricket in Wales ** England cricket team ** Wales national cricket team * Cricket in Ireland ** Ireland cricket team

Hiking

* Long-distance footpaths in the UK * Ramblers' Association

Association football

* British Home Championship * Football in England, England ** The Football Association ** English national football team ** FA Premier League ** The Football League ** FA Cup ** English football league system ** National League System * Football in Scotland, Scotland ** Scottish Football Association ** Scotland national football team, Scottish national football team ** List of Scottish Football Clubs ** Scottish Football League ** Scottish Premier League ** Highland Football League ** East of Scotland Football League ** South of Scotland Football League ** Scottish Junior Football Association ** North Caledonian Football League ** Scottish Cup * Association football in Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland ** Irish Football Association (not to be confused with the Football Association of Ireland) ** Northern Ireland national football team ** Irish Football League (not to be confused with the League of Ireland) * Football in Wales, Wales ** Football Association of Wales ** Wales National Football Team, Welsh national team ** League of Wales

Polo

* Hurlingham Polo Association

Rugby

* Rugby union ** Rugby union in England, England *** Rugby Football Union **** England national rugby union team **** Guinness Premiership **** National Division One ** Rugby union in Wales, Wales *** Welsh Rugby Union **** Wales national rugby union team **** Pro14 **** Welsh Premier Division ** Rugby union in Scotland, Scotland *** Scottish Rugby Union **** Scotland national rugby union team **** Pro14 ** Rugby union in Ireland, Northern Ireland *** Irish Rugby Football Union **** Ireland national rugby union team **** Pro14 ** Calcutta Cup ** Powergen Cup ** British and Irish Lions * Rugby league ** Rugby league in England, England *** Rugby Football League ** Rugby league in Ireland, Northern Ireland *** Rugby League Ireland ** Rugby league in Scotland, Scotland *** Scotland Rugby League ** Rugby league in Wales, Wales ** Great Britain national rugby league team, Great Britain ** Challenge Cup

Sport rowing

* Boat Race (Oxford vs Cambridge) * Henley Royal Regatta

Skiing

* Ski Club of Great Britain

Other sports, games, and pastimes

Olympic Park, London, 14 June 2011 (2) cropped

* London Olympics * Bowls * Curling * Darts * English billiards * Eton Wall Game * Fives (including Eton Fives) * British Gliding Association * Horse racing in Great Britain * Tennis, Lawn tennis * Shinty * Skittles (sport), Skittles * Snooker * Motorsport in the United Kingdom, Motorsport

Education

* Education in the United Kingdom ** Schools in the United Kingdom *** Preparatory school (UK), Preparatory school *** Grammar schools in the United Kingdom *** Independent school (UK) *** List of schools in the United Kingdom *** School years ** Universities in the United Kingdom *** British undergraduate degree classification *** List of universities in the United Kingdom *** National Union of Students (United Kingdom), National Union of Students of the United Kingdom

Education in England

* Education in England :* Academy (England) :* General Teaching Council for England :* List of schools in England :* List of universities in England :* National Curriculum for England

Education in Northern Ireland

* Education in Northern Ireland :* List of schools in Northern Ireland :* Northern Ireland Curriculum

Education in Scotland

* Education in Scotland :* Curriculum for Excellence :* Educational Institute of Scotland :* General Teaching Council for Scotland :* Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education :* List of schools in Scotland ::* List of independent schools in Scotland :* List of universities in Scotland :* Students' representative council :* Scottish Secondary Teachers' Association :* Scottish Qualifications Authority

Education in Wales

* Education in Wales :* List of schools in Wales :* Curriculum for Wales (2022 to present), National Curriculum for Wales

References

External links

* * * of the British Monarchy * of the United Kingdom Government * of the national tourism agency (VisitBritain) {{DEFAULTSORT:United Kingdom Outlines of countries, United Kingdom United Kingdom, 1 United Kingdom-related lists,

General reference

Countries of the United Kingdom, Dependencies, Territories and Commonwealth

Countries of the UK and their subdivisions

Crown Dependencies

British Overseas Territories

Commonwealth of Nations

Geography, resources and demography

Ecoregions

Environment

Geographic features

Regions

Municipalities

Natural Resources

Demography

Ethnicity

Government, monarchy, politics and honours

Monarchy

Branches of the government

Executive branch

Legislative branch

Judicial branch

Foreign relations

International organisation membership

Local government

Politics of England

Politics of Northern Ireland

Politics of Scotland

Politics of Wales

Honours

Military and Defence

Command

Forces

History

Related topics

Law and order

Law of England and Wales

Law of Northern Ireland

Law of Scotland

Infrastructure

Regulatory bodies

Trade Union Federations

Transport

Economy

History

History by period

Historical states of the British Isles

By subject

Culture

Architecture

Architecture of England

Architecture of Scotland

Architecture of Wales

Architecture of Northern Ireland

Gardens

The arts

Museums

Music

Popular music

Classical music

Folk music

Theatre

Film

Cultural icons

United Kingdom icons

English icons

Northern Irish icons

Scottish icons

Welsh icons

Languages

People

Interest groups and societies

Religion

Sports, games, and pastimes

Angling

Chess

Cricket

Hiking

Association football

Polo

Rugby