This outline is an overview of

software Software is a set of computer programs and associated documentation and data. This is in contrast to hardware, from which the system is built and which actually performs the work. At the lowest programming level, executable code consist ...

and a topical guide in list form. Software is a comprehensive term for a collection of

computer program A computer program is a sequence or set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to Execution (computing), execute. Computer programs are one component of software, which also includes software documentation, documentation and oth ...

s and related

data In the pursuit of knowledge, data (; ) is a collection of discrete values that convey information, describing quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpret ...

that provides the information for the functioning of a

computer A computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations ( computation) automatically. Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs. These prog ...

. It is held in various forms of

memory Memory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed. It is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing future action. If past events could not be remember ...

of the computer. It comprises procedures, algorithms, and documentation concerned with the operation of a data processing system. The term was coined to contrast to the term hardware, meaning physical devices. In contrast to hardware, software "cannot be touched". Software is also sometimes used in a more narrow sense, meaning

application software Application may refer to: Mathematics and computing * Application software, computer software designed to help the user to perform specific tasks ** Application layer, an abstraction layer that specifies protocols and interface methods used in a ...

only. Sometimes the term includes data that has not traditionally been associated with computers, such as film, tapes, and records. Software is a form of

technology Technology is the application of knowledge to reach practical goals in a specifiable and reproducible way. The word ''technology'' may also mean the product of such an endeavor. The use of technology is widely prevalent in medicine, scien ...

, specifically

technology, and represents a set of

tool A tool is an object that can extend an individual's ability to modify features of the surrounding environment or help them accomplish a particular task. Although many animals use simple tools, only human beings, whose use of stone tools dates b ...

Types

Application software Application may refer to: Mathematics and computing * Application software, computer software designed to help the user to perform specific tasks ** Application layer, an abstraction layer that specifies protocols and interface methods used in a ...

– end-user applications of computers such as

word processors A word processor is an electronic device (later a computer software application) for text, composing, editing, formatting, and printing. The word processor was a stand-alone office machine in the 1960s, combining the keyboard text-entry and prin ...

video game Video games, also known as computer games, are electronic games that involves interaction with a user interface or input device such as a joystick, controller, keyboard, or motion sensing device to generate visual feedback. This feedba ...

s, and

ERP software Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is the integrated management of main business processes, often in real time and mediated by software and technology. ERP is usually referred to as a category of business management software—typically a sui ...

for groups of users. **

Business software Business software (or a business application) is any software or set of computer programs used by business users to perform various business functions. These business applications are used to increase productivity, measure productivity, and perf ...

Computer-aided design Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computers (or ) to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. This software is used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve co ...

Database In computing, a database is an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically. Small databases can be stored on a file system, while large databases are hosted on computer clusters or cloud storage. The design of databases ...

s **

Decision-making software Decision-making software (DM software) is software for computer applications that help individuals and organisations make choices and take decisions, typically by ranking, prioritizing or choosing from a number of options. An early example of DM s ...

Educational software Educational software is a term used for any computer software which is made for an educational purpose. It encompasses different ranges from language learning software to classroom management software to reference software. The purpose of all t ...

Emotion-sensitive software Emotion-sensitive software (ESS) is software specifically designed to target and monitor emotional response in a human being. Some software measures anger by comparing the pitch of a voice to a regular, or calm, pitch. Another approach is the me ...

Image editing Image editing encompasses the processes of altering images, whether they are digital photographs, traditional photo-chemical photographs, or illustrations. Traditional analog image editing is known as photo retouching, using tools such as a ...

** Industrial

automation Automation describes a wide range of technologies that reduce human intervention in processes, namely by predetermining decision criteria, subprocess relationships, and related actions, as well as embodying those predeterminations in machines ...

Mathematical software Mathematical software is software used to model, analyze or calculate numeric, symbolic or geometric data. Evolution of mathematical software Numerical analysis and symbolic computation had been in most important place of the subject, but other ki ...

Medical software Medical software is any software item or system used within a medical context, such as:reducing the paperwork, tracking patient activity * standalone software used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes; * software embedded in a medical device (o ...

** Molecular modeling software ** Quantum chemistry and solid state physics software **

Simulation software Simulation software is based on the process of modeling a real phenomenon with a set of mathematical formulas. It is, essentially, a program that allows the user to observe an operation through simulation without actually performing that operation ...

Spreadsheet A spreadsheet is a computer application for computation, organization, analysis and storage of data in tabular form. Spreadsheets were developed as computerized analogs of paper accounting worksheets. The program operates on data entered in ...

s **

Telecommunication Telecommunication is the transmission of information by various types of technologies over wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems. It has its origin in the desire of humans for communication over a distance greater than that ...

s (i.e., the

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, p ...

and everything that flows on it) **

Video editing software Video editing software, or a video editor is software used performing the post-production video editing of digital video sequences on a non-linear editing system. It has replaced traditional flatbed celluloid film editing tools and analog video ...

Video game Video games, also known as computer games, are electronic games that involves interaction with a user interface or input device such as a joystick, controller, keyboard, or motion sensing device to generate visual feedback. This feedba ...

s **

Word processors A word processor is an electronic device (later a computer software application) for text, composing, editing, formatting, and printing. The word processor was a stand-alone office machine in the 1960s, combining the keyboard text-entry and prin ...

Middleware Middleware is a type of computer software that provides services to software applications beyond those available from the operating system. It can be described as "software glue". Middleware makes it easier for software developers to implement ...

controls and co-ordinates

distributed systems A distributed system is a system whose components are located on different networked computers, which communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages to one another from any system. Distributed computing is a field of computer sci ...

. *

Programming language A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language. The description of a programming ...

s – define the

syntax In linguistics, syntax () is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns of syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure ( constituenc ...

and

semantics Semantics (from grc, σημαντικός ''sēmantikós'', "significant") is the study of reference, meaning, or truth. The term can be used to refer to subfields of several distinct disciplines, including philosophy, linguistics and comput ...

of computer programs. For example, many mature banking applications were written in the language

COBOL COBOL (; an acronym for "common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is an imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented language. COBOL is primarily u ...

, invented in 1959. Newer applications are often written in more modern languages. *

System software System software is software designed to provide a platform for other software. Examples of system software include operating systems (OS) like macOS, Linux, Android and Microsoft Windows, computational science software, game engines, search engin ...

– provides the basic functions for computer usage and helps run the computer hardware and system. It includes a combination of the following: **

Device driver In computing, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer or automaton. A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling operating systems and o ...

Operating system An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common daemon (computing), services for computer programs. Time-sharing operating systems scheduler (computing), schedule tasks for ef ...

Package management system A package manager or package-management system is a collection of software tools that automates the process of installing, upgrading, configuring, and removing computer programs for a computer in a consistent manner. A package manager deals w ...

Server Server may refer to: Computing *Server (computing), a computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called clients Role * Waiting staff, those who work at a restaurant or a bar attending customers and su ...

Utility As a topic of economics, utility is used to model worth or value. Its usage has evolved significantly over time. The term was introduced initially as a measure of pleasure or happiness as part of the theory of utilitarianism by moral philosophe ...

Window system In computing, a windowing system (or window system) is software that manages separately different parts of display screens. It is a type of graphical user interface (GUI) which implements the WIMP (windows, icons, menus, pointer) paradigm fo ...

* ''Teachware'' – any special breed of software or other means of product dedicated to education purposes in software engineering and beyond in general education. * Testware – any software for testing hardware or software. *

Firmware In computing, firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides the low-level control for a device's specific hardware. Firmware, such as the BIOS of a personal computer, may contain basic functions of a device, and may provide h ...

– low-level software often stored on electrically programmable memory devices. Firmware is given its name because it is treated like hardware and run ("executed") by other software programs. Firmware often is not accessible for change by other entities but the developers' enterprises. * Shrinkware is the older name given to consumer-purchased software, because it was often sold in retail stores in a

shrink wrap Shrink may refer to: Common meanings *Miniaturization *Shrink, a slang term for: ** a psychiatrist ** a psychoanalyst ** a psychologist Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Shrink'' (album), album by German indie rock/electronica group The Notwist ...

ped box. *

s – control parts of computers such as

disk drive Disk storage (also sometimes called drive storage) is a general category of storage mechanisms where data is recorded by various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical changes to a surface layer of one or more rotating disks. A disk drive is ...

s, printers,

CD drive In computing, an optical disc drive is a disc drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Some drives can only ...

s, or

computer monitor A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form. A discrete monitor comprises a visual display, support electronics, power supply, housing, electrical connectors, and external user controls. The ...

s. *

Programming tool A programming tool or software development tool is a computer program that software developers use to create, debug, maintain, or otherwise support other programs and applications. The term usually refers to relatively simple programs, that can b ...

s – assist a programmer in writing

s, and software using various programming languages in a more convenient way. The tools include: **

Compiler In computing, a compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language (the ''source'' language) into another language (the ''target'' language). The name "compiler" is primarily used for programs tha ...

s **

Debugger A debugger or debugging tool is a computer program used to test and debug other programs (the "target" program). The main use of a debugger is to run the target program under controlled conditions that permit the programmer to track its executi ...

s **

Interpreters Interpreting is a translational activity in which one produces a first and final target-language output on the basis of a one-time exposure to an expression in a source language. The most common two modes of interpreting are simultaneous interp ...

** Linkers **

Text editor A text editor is a type of computer program that edits plain text. Such programs are sometimes known as "notepad" software (e.g. Windows Notepad). Text editors are provided with operating systems and software development packages, and can be ...

s ** profiler **

Integrated development environment An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. An IDE normally consists of at least a source code editor, build automation tools ...

(IDE) – single application for managing all of these functions.

Products

By publisher

List of Adobe software The following is a list of software products by Adobe Inc. Active products Software suites Experience Cloud Adobe Experience Cloud (AEC) is a collection of integrated online marketing and Web analytics solutions by Adobe Inc. It includes a ...

List of Microsoft software Microsoft is a developer of personal computer software. It is best known for its Windows operating system, the Internet Explorer and subsequent Microsoft Edge web browsers, the Microsoft Office family of productivity software plus servi ...

By platform

List of Macintosh software The following is a list of Macintosh Software – notable computer applications for current macOS operating systems. Video For software designed for the classic Mac OS, see List of old Macintosh software. Anti-malware software The software lis ...

List of old Macintosh software This is a list of old Macintosh software that no longer runs on current Macs. The software might require Mac OS 9 or other versions of the classic Mac OS that can't run on Apple's current Intel machines. Note that most old programs can still be ru ...

* List of proprietary software for Linux *

List of Linux audio software The following is an incomplete list of Linux audio software. Audio players GStreamer-based * Amarok is a free music player for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. Multiple backends are supported (xine, helix and NMM). * Banshee is ...

* List of Linux games

By type

* List of software categories *

List of 2D animation software This is a list of two-dimensional animation software. See also * List of 3D animation software {{Animation editors 2D animation Traditional animation (or classical animation, cel animation, or hand-drawn animation) is an animation te ...

List of 3D animation software The following is a list of 3D animation apps that have articles in Wikipedia. See also * List of 2D animation software * List of 3D computer graphics software * List of 3D modeling software * Comparison of 3D computer graphics software Refe ...

List of 3D computer graphics software A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...

List of 3D modeling software Following is a list of notable 3D modeling software, computer programs used for developing a mathematical representation of any three-dimensional surface of objects, also called 3D modeling. See also * List of computer-aided design editors * L ...

List of ad hoc routing protocols An ad hoc routing protocol is a convention, or standard, that controls how nodes decide which way to route packets between computing devices in a mobile ad hoc network. In ad hoc networks, nodes are not familiar with the topology of their netwo ...

* List of antivirus software *

List of application servers This list compares the features and functionality of application servers, grouped by the hosting environment that is offered by that particular application server. BASIC * Run BASIC - An all-in-one BASIC scriptable application server, can auto ...

List of archive formats This is a list of file formats used by archivers and compressors used to create archive files. Archiving only Compression only Archiving and compression Data recovery Comparison Containers and compression Notes While the original ...

List of audio conversion software An audio conversion app (also known as an audio converter) transcodes one audio file format into another; for example, from FLAC into MP3. It may allow selection of encoding parameters for each of the output file to optimize its quality and size. ...

List of audio programming languages This is a list of notable programming languages optimized for sound production, algorithmic composition, and sound synthesis. * ABC notation, a language for notating music using the ASCII character set * ChucK, strongly timed, concurrent, and on- ...

* List of augmented browsing software *

List of automation protocols This is a list of communication protocols used for the automation of processes (industrial or otherwise), such as for building automation, power-system automation, automatic meter reading, and vehicular automation. Process automation protocols ...

* List of backup software *

List of biomedical cybernetics software The following is a list of software packages and applications for biocybernetics research. Data formats and specifications * Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) * Biological Pathway Exchange (BioPAX) * CellML * Minimum Information Abou ...

List of Bluetooth protocols The wireless data exchange standard Bluetooth uses a variety of protocols. Core protocols are defined by the trade organization Bluetooth SIG. Additional protocols have been adopted from other standards bodies. This article gives an overview of ...

List of BPEL engines This is a list of notable Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) and Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) engines. {, class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center; width: 100%;" , - ! Product ! Vendor ! Editio ...

* List of BPMN 2.0 engines *

List of CBIR engines This is a list of publicly available Content-based image retrieval Content-based image retrieval, also known as query by image content ( QBIC) and content-based visual information retrieval (CBVIR), is the application of computer vision techniqu ...

List of codecs The following is a list of compression formats and related codecs. Audio compression formats Non-compression * Linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM, generally only described as PCM) is the format for uncompressed audio in media files and it is a ...

* List of chemical process simulators *

List of chess software Chess software comes in different forms. A chess playing program provides a graphical chessboard on which one can play a chess game against a computer. Such programs are available for personal computers, video game consoles, smartphones/ tablet ...

List of cluster management software List of software for cluster management. Free and open source * HA ** Apache Mesos, from the Apache Software Foundation ** Kubernetes, founded by Google Inc, from the Cloud Native Computing Foundation ** Heartbeat, from Linux-HA ** Docker Swar ...

List of collaborative software This list is divided into proprietary or free software, and open source software, with several comparison tables of different product and vendor characteristics. It also includes a section of project collaboration software, which is a standard fea ...

List of compilers This page is intended to list all current compilers, compiler generators, interpreters, translators, tool foundations, assemblers, automatable command line interfaces ( shells), etc. Ada Compilers ALGOL 60 compilers ALGOL 68 compilers cf. ...

* List of computer-aided design software *

List of computer algebra systems The following tables provide a comparison of computer algebra systems (CAS). A CAS is a package comprising a set of algorithms for performing symbolic manipulations on algebraic objects, a language to implement them, and an environment in which to ...

* List of computer-assisted organic synthesis software *

List of computer simulation software The following is a list of notable computer simulation software. Free or open-source * Advanced Simulation Library - open-source hardware accelerated multiphysics simulation software. * ASCEND - open-source equation-based modelling environmen ...

* List of computer worms *

List of concept- and mind-mapping software Concept mapping and mind mapping software is used to create diagrams of relationships between concepts, ideas, or other pieces of information. It has been suggested that the mind mapping technique can improve learning and study efficiency up to 15 ...

List of content management systems Content management systems (CMS) are used to organize and facilitate collaborative content creation. Many of them are built on top of separate content management frameworks. The list is limited to notable services. Open source software :''T ...

* List of custom Android distributions * List of data-erasing software *

List of data recovery software In computing, data recovery is a process of retrieving deleted, inaccessible, lost, corrupted, damaged, or formatted data from secondary storage, removable media or Computer file, files, when the data stored in them cannot be accessed in a usual ...

List of desktop publishing software The following is a list of major desktop publishing software. A wide range of related software tools exist in this field including many plug-ins and tools related to the applications listed below. Several software directories provide more compre ...

List of discrete event simulation software This is a list of notable discrete-event simulation A discrete-event simulation (DES) models the operation of a system as a (discrete) sequence of events in time. Each event occurs at a particular instant in time and marks a change of state in the ...

List of disk partitioning software This is a list of utilities A public utility company (usually just utility) is an organization that maintains the infrastructure for a public service (often also providing a service using that infrastructure). Public utilities are subject to ...

* List of educational software *

List of ERP software packages This is a list of ''notable'' enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. The first section is devoted to free and open-source software, and the second is for proprietary software. Free and open-source ERP software Proprietary ERP vendor ...

List of file copying software This article provides a list of inbuilt and third party file copying and moving software - utilities and other software used, as part of computer file management, to explicitly move and copy files and other data on demand from one location to an ...

* List of file-sharing programs for Linux and BSD *

List of file systems The following lists identify, characterize, and link to more thorough information on Computer file systems. Many older operating systems support only their one "native" file system, which does not bear any name apart from the name of the operating ...

List of finite element software packages This is a list of notable software packages that implement the finite element method for solving partial differential equations In mathematics, a partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation which imposes relations between the various ...

List of free and open-source software packages This is a list of free and open-source software packages, computer software licensed under free software licenses and open-source licenses. Software that fits the Free Software Definition may be more appropriately called free software; the GNU ...

List of free and open-source web applications All web applications, both traditional and Web 2.0, are operated by software running somewhere. This is a list of free software which can be used to run alternative web applications. Also listed are similar proprietary web applications that use ...

List of free electronics circuit simulators List of free analog and digital electronic circuit simulators, available for Windows, macOS, Linux, and comparing against UC Berkeley SPICE. Some of the following simulators don't include a graphical visual interface, so a separate program must be ...

List of free software project directories The following is a list of notable websites that list free software projects. These directories and repositories of free software differ from software hosting facilities (or software forges) in the number of features they offer and the type of co ...

List of free television software This is a list of free television software, and includes television-related software which is distributed as free software – under a free software licence, with the source code available. Notable free television software * Aegisub - subtitle ...

* List of freeware first-person shooters *

List of freeware health software The following is a list of freeware software packages and applications for use in the health industry: Imaging * Ambivu 3D Workstation, PC and Mac fast DICOM 3D/2D workstation * BioDigital * Ginkgo CADx, cross-platform open source DICOM vi ...

List of game engines Game engines are tools available for game designers to code and plan out a video game quickly and easily without building one from the ground up. Whether they are 2D or 3D based, they offer tools to aid in asset creation and placement. Engines ...

* List of graph databases *

List of graphing software A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby unio ...

* List of guitar tablature software * List of GUI builders * List of instruction set simulators *

List of HDL simulators HDL simulators are software packages that simulate expressions written in one of the hardware description languages, such as VHDL, Verilog, SystemVerilog. This page is intended to list current and historical HDL simulators, accelerators, emul ...

* List of historical Gnutella clients * List of text editors *

List of HTML editors The following is a list of HTML editors. Source code editors Source code editors evolved from basic text editors, but include additional tools specifically geared toward handling code. *ActiveState Komodo *Aptana * Arachnophilia *Atom *BBEdit ...

List of HTTP header fields A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby unio ...

List of information graphics software This is a list of software to create any kind of information graphics: * either includes the ability to create one or more infographics from a provided data set * either it is provided specifically for information visualization Vector graphics V ...

List of interactive geometry software Interactive geometry software (IGS) or dynamic geometry environments (DGEs) are computer programs which allow one to create and then manipulate geometric constructions, primarily in plane geometry. In most IGS, one starts construction by putting a ...

* List of IP protocol numbers *

List of Linux distributions This page provides general information about notable Linux distributions in the form of a categorized list. Distributions are organized into sections by the major distribution or package management system they are based on. RPM-based Red Hat ...

List of online video platforms Online video platforms allow users to upload, share videos or live stream their own videos to the Internet. These can either be for the general public to watch, or particular users on a shared network. The most popular video hosting website is Yo ...

List of open-source bioinformatics software This is a list of computer software which is made for bioinformatics and released under open-source software licenses with articles in Wikipedia. See also * List of sequence alignment software * List of open-source healthcare software * List ...

List of open-source codecs This is a listing of open-source codecs—that is, open-source software implementations of audio or video coding formats. Many of the codecs listed implement media formats that are restricted by patents and are hence not open formats. For exampl ...

* List of open-source health software * List of open-source routing platforms *

List of open-source software for mathematics This is a list of open-source software to be used for high-order mathematical calculations. This software has played an important role in the field of mathematics. Open-source software in mathematics has become pivotal in education because of t ...

List of open-source video games This is a list of notable open-source video games. Open-source video games are assembled from and are themselves open-source software, including public domain games with public domain source code. This list also includes games in which the engine ...

List of operating systems This is a list of operating systems. Computer operating systems can be categorized by technology, ownership, licensing, working state, usage, and by many other characteristics. In practice, many of these groupings may overlap. Criteria for inclusio ...

* List of P2P protocols * List of personal information managers *

List of platform-independent GUI libraries This is a list of notable library packages implementing a graphical user interface (GUI) platform-independent GUI library (PIGUI). These can be used to develop software that can be ported to multiple computing platforms with no change to its sou ...

List of podcast clients A podcast client, or podcatcher, is a computer program used to stream or download podcasts, usually via an RSS or XML feed. While podcast clients are best known for streaming and downloading podcasts, many are also capable of downloading video ...

* List of printing protocols *

List of protein-ligand docking software The number of notable protein-ligand docking programs currently available is high and has been steadily increasing over the last decades. The following list presents an overview of the most common notable programs, listed alphabetically, with ...

List of protein structure prediction software This list of protein structure prediction software summarizes notable used software tools in protein structure prediction, including homology modeling, protein threading, ''ab initio'' methods, secondary structure prediction, and transmembrane h ...

List of manual image annotation tools Manual image annotation is the process of manually defining regions in an image and creating a textual description of those regions. Such annotations can for instance be used to train machine learning algorithms for computer vision applications. ...

* List of mobile app distribution platforms *

List of Mobile Device Management software This is a list of Mobile Device Management software. General information Discontinued These are the discontinued Mobile Device Management solutions: * Good Technology - acquired by BlackBerry on November 2, 2015. * McAfee EMM - discontinued si ...

* List of molecular graphics systems *

List of music software This is a list of software for creating, performing, learning, analyzing, researching, broadcasting and editing music. This article only includes software, not services. For streaming services such as iHeartRadio, Pandora, Prime Music, and Spotify, ...

Lists of network protocols This is a list of articles that list different types or classifications of communication protocols used in computer networks. See also * List of network buses List of electrical characteristics of single collision domain segment "slow speed" ...

List of network protocols (OSI model) This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model. This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family. Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite ...

List of network protocol stacks This is a list of protocol stack architectures. A ''protocol stack'' is a suite of complementary communications protocols in a computer network or a computer bus system. {{columns-list, colwidth=20em, * ARCNET * AppleTalk * ATM * Bluetooth * ...

List of numerical analysis software Listed here are notable end-user computer applications intended for use with numerical or data analysis: Numerical-software packages General-purpose computer algebra systems Interface-oriented Language-oriented Historically signific ...

List of numerical libraries This is a list of numerical libraries, which are libraries used in software development for performing numerical calculations. It is not a complete listing but is instead a list of numerical libraries with articles on Wikipedia, with few except ...

List of optical disc authoring software This is a list of optical disc authoring software. Open source Multi-platform * cdrtools, a comprehensive command line-based set of tools for creating and burning CDs, DVDs and Blu-rays * cdrkit, a fork of cdrtools by the Debian project * cdr ...

List of optimization software Given a transformation between input and output values, described by a mathematical function ''f'', optimization deals with generating and selecting a best solution from some set of available alternatives, by systematically choosing input values ...

* List of outliners *

List of password managers The list below includes the names of notable password managers with dedicated Wikipedia articles. Summary information Features See also * Password manager * Password fatigue Password fatigue is the feeling experienced by many people who ...

List of PDF software This is a list of links to articles on software used to manage Portable Document Format (PDF) documents. The distinction between the various functions is not entirely clear-cut; for example, some viewers allow adding of annotations, signatures, e ...

List of PHP editors This article contains a list of text editors with features specific to the PHP scripting language. Free editors Cross-platform * Aptana Studio – Eclipse-based IDE, able to use PDT plugins, visual JS editor. Open-source, free project. (C ...

List of pop-up blocking software This is a list of software that blocks pop-up ads. Browsers that block pop-up ads Trident shells *AOL Explorer *Avant Browser * GreenBrowser *Internet Explorer * Lunascape *Maxthon *MSN Explorer * NeoPlanet *Netcaptor * Netscape 8 *Sleipnir Gec ...

* List of program transformation systems *

List of proof assistants In computer science and mathematical logic, a proof assistant or interactive theorem prover is a software tool to assist with the development of formal proofs by human-machine collaboration. This involves some sort of interactive proof editor ...

List of quantum chemistry and solid state physics software Quantum chemistry computer programs are used in computational chemistry to implement the methods of quantum chemistry. Most include the Hartree–Fock (HF) and some post-Hartree–Fock methods. They may also include density functional theory (DF ...

List of rich web application frameworks : ''For a list of mobile only frameworks see Multiple phone web based application framework''. Below is a list of rich web application frameworks: {, class="wikitable sortable" style="width: auto; table-layout: fixed; text-align: center;" , - st ...

List of router and firewall distributions This is a list of router and firewall distributions, which are operating systems designed for use as routers and/or firewall Firewall may refer to: * Firewall (computing), a technological barrier designed to prevent unauthorized or unwanted comm ...

List of router firmware projects List of software created and maintained by people other than the manufacturer of the product. The extent of support for (and testing on) particular hardware varies from project to project. Embedded Notable custom-firmware projects for wireless ro ...

List of routing protocols A routing protocol specifies how routers communicate with each other to distribute information that enables them to select routes between nodes on a computer network. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet; data packet ...

List of scorewriters A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby unio ...

List of search engines Search engines, including web search engines, selection-based search engines, metasearch engines, desktop search tools, and web portals and vertical market websites have a search facility for online databases. By content/topic General ...

* List of search engine software *

List of server-side JavaScript implementations This is a list of server-side JavaScript implementations. Server-side JavaScript use Other common server-side programming languages are JavaServer Pages (JSP), Active Server Pages (ASP), Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, ColdFusion Adobe Co ...

* List of SIP software *

List of software development philosophies This is a list of approaches, styles, methodologies, philosophies in software development and engineering. It also contains programming paradigms, software development methodologies, software development processes, and single practices, principl ...

List of software for Monte Carlo molecular modeling This is a list of computer programs that use Monte Carlo methods for molecular modeling. * Abalone classical Hybrid MC * BOSS classical * Cassandra classical * CP2K * FEASST classical * GOMC classical * MacroModel classical * Materials Studio ...

* List of software for nanostructures modeling * List of software for nuclear engineering *

List of spreadsheet software The following is a list of spreadsheets. Free and open-source software Cloud and on-line spreadsheets * Collabora Online Calc — Enterprise-ready LibreOffice. * Sheetster – "Community Edition" is available under the Affero GPL * ...

List of statistical packages Statistical software are specialized computer programs for analysis in statistics and econometrics. Open-source * ADaMSoft – a generalized statistical software with data mining algorithms and methods for data management * ADMB – a softwar ...

List of streaming media systems A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby unio ...

List of TCP and UDP port numbers This is a list of TCP and UDP port numbers used by protocols for operation of network applications. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) only need one port for duplex, bidirectional traffic. They usually ...

List of terminal emulators This is a list of notable terminal emulators. Most used terminal emulators on Linux and Unix-like systems are GNOME Terminal on GNOME and GTK-based environments, Konsole on KDE, and xfce4-terminal on Xfce as well as xterm. Character-oriente ...

* List of theorem provers *

List of tools for static code analysis This is a list of notable tools for static program analysis (program analysis is a synonym for code analysis). Static code analysis tools Languages Ada * * * * * * * * * * * C, C++ * * * * * * * * * * * * ...

List of Unified Modeling Language tools This article compares UML tools. UML tools are software applications which support some functions of the Unified Modeling Language The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose, developmental modeling language in the field of soft ...

* List of UPnP AV media servers and clients *

List of Usenet newsreaders Usenet is a worldwide, distributed discussion system that uses the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP). Programs called newsreaders are used to read and post messages (called ''articles'' or ''posts'', and collectively termed ''news'') to one or ...

List of version-control software This is a list of notable software for version control. Local data model In the local-only approach, all developers must use the same file system. Open source * Revision Control System (RCS) – stores the latest version and backward del ...

* List of video editing software * List of video game middleware *

List of visual novel engines This is a list of visual novel engines. Digital Novel Markup Language ''Digital Novel Markup Language (DNML)'' is one of the first scripting language game engines for creating visual novels, also known as interactive fiction games. ''DNML'' was d ...

List of web analytics software This is a list of web analytics software used to collect and display data about visiting website users. Self-hosted software Free / Open source (FLOSS) This is a comparison table of web analytics software released under a free software license. ...

List of web browsers The following is a list of web browsers that are notable. Historical Layout engines * Gecko is developed by the Mozilla Foundation. ** Goanna is a fork of Gecko developed by Moonchild Productions. * Servo is an experimental web br ...

List of web browsers for Unix and Unix-like operating systems The following is a list of web browsers for various Unix and Unix-like operating systems. Not all of these browsers are specific to these operating systems; some are available on non-Unix systems as well. Some, but not most, have a mobile versio ...

* List of web service frameworks *

List of web service protocols {{Short description, none The following is a list of web service protocols. *BEEP - Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol *CTS - Canonical Text Services Protocol * E-Business XML *Hessian * Internet Open Trading Protocol * JSON-RPC *JSON-WSP * SOAP ...

List of web service specifications There are a variety of specifications associated with web services. These specifications are in varying degrees of maturity and are maintained or supported by various standards bodies and entities. These specifications are the basic web services ...

List of widget toolkits A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...

List of wiki software Standard wiki programs, by programming language JavaScript-based * Lively Wiki is based on Lively Kernel and combines features of wikis and development environments. Users can create and edit application behavior and other content. * Tiddl ...

Comparisons

Cloud-computing comparison The following is a comparison of cloud-computing software and providers. IaaS (Infrastructure as a service) Providers General SaaS (Software as a Service) General Supported hosts Supported guests PaaS (Platform as a servic ...

Comparison of 3D computer graphics software 3D computer graphics software refers to programs used to create 3D computer-generated imagery. General information Current software This table compares elements of notable software that is currently available, based on the raw software with ...

Comparison of accounting software The following comparison of accounting software documents the various features and differences between different professional accounting software, personal and small enterprise software, medium-sized and large-sized enterprise software, and oth ...

* Comparison of ADC software * Comparison of agent-based modeling software * Comparison of Android e-reader software *

Comparison of anti-plagiarism software The following tables compare software used for plagiarism detection Plagiarism detection or content similarity detection is the process of locating instances of plagiarism or copyright infringement within a work or document. The widespread use ...

Comparison of antivirus software This article compares notable antivirus products and services. It is Wikipedia list article rather than a deep analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each. Legend The term "on-demand scan" refers to the possibility of performing a manual ...

Comparison of application virtualization software Application virtualization software refers to both application virtual machines and software responsible for implementing them. Application virtual machines are typically used to allow application bytecode to run portably on many different comput ...

Comparison of archive formats This is a list of file formats used by file archiver, archivers and data compression, compressors used to create archive files. Archiving only Compression only Archiving and compression Data recovery Comparison Containers and compression ...

Comparison of assemblers This is an incomplete list of assemblers: computer programs that translate assembly language source code into binary programs. Some assemblers are components of a compiler system for a high level language and may have limited or no usable function ...

Comparison of audio coding formats The following tables compare general and technical information for a variety of audio coding formats. For listening tests comparing the perceived audio quality of audio formats and codecs, see the article Codec listening test. General informati ...

Comparison of audio player software The following comparison of audio players compares general and technical information for a number of software media player programs. For the purpose of this comparison, "audio players" are defined as any media player explicitly designed to play ...

Comparison of audio synthesis environments Software audio synthesis environments typically consist of an audio programming language (which may be graphical) and a user environment to design/run the language in. Although many of these environments are comparable in their abilities to produ ...

* Comparison of backporting tools * Comparison of backup software *

Comparison of BitTorrent clients The following is a general comparison of Glossary of BitTorrent terms#Client, BitTorrent clients, which are computer programs designed for peer-to-peer file sharing using the BitTorrent (protocol), BitTorrent protocol. The BitTorrent protocol co ...

* Comparison of BitTorrent tracker software * Comparison of bootloaders *

Comparison of browser engines This article compares browser engines, especially actively- developed ones. Some of these engines have shared origins. For example, the WebKit engine was created by forking the KHTML engine in 2001. Then, in 2013, a modified version of WebKit wa ...

* Comparison of browser synchronizers *

Comparison of business integration software This article is a comparison of notable business integration and business process automation software. General Scope Scope of this comparison: * Service-oriented architecture implementations; * Message-oriented middleware and message brokers ...

* Comparison of Business Process Model and Notation modeling tools * Comparison of CAD, CAM and CAE file viewers * Comparison of cluster software *

Comparison of computer-aided design editors The table below provides an overview of notable computer-aided design (CAD) software. It does not judge power, ease of use, or other user-experience aspects. The table does not include software that is still in development (beta software). For al ...

Comparison of computer-assisted translation tools A number of computer-assisted translation software and websites exists for various platforms and access types. According to a 2006 survey undertaken by Imperial College of 874 translation professionals from 54 countries, primary tool usage was rep ...

Comparison of computer viruses The compilation of a unified list of computer viruses is made difficult because of naming. To aid the fight against computer viruses and other types of malicious software, many security advisory organizations and developers of anti-virus software ...

Comparison of content-control software and providers This is a list of content-control software and services. The software is designed to control what content may or may not be viewed by a reader, especially when used to restrict material delivered over the Internet via the Web, e-mail, or other mea ...

Comparison of continuous integration software This is a compendium of continuous integration software that supports a software engineering practice, continuous integration, in which developers' changes are immediately tested and reported when they are added to the mainline code base. The com ...

Comparison of CRM systems This article is a comparison of notable Customer relationship management, CRM systems. Enterprise resource planning, ERP systems are considered a superset of CRM systems. General Only stable releases are mentioned. Features See als ...

* Comparison of data modeling tools * Comparison of database tools * Comparison of decision-making software * Comparison of defragmentation software *

Comparison of desktop publishing software The following is a comparison of major desktop publishing software. Overview This table provides general software information including the developer, latest stable version, the year in which the software was first released, and the license und ...

Comparison of development estimation software In software development, effort estimation is the process of predicting the most realistic amount of effort (expressed in terms of person-hours or money) required to develop or maintain software based on incomplete, uncertain and noisy input. Effort ...

Comparison of DHCP server software The following comparison of DHCP and DHCPv6 server compares general and technical information for a number of DHCP server software programs. General Operating system requirement In this overview of operating system support for the discussed ...

* Comparison of digital audio editors * Comparison of Direct Connect software * Comparison of disc authoring software *

Comparison of disk cloning software Disk cloning software facilitates a disk cloning operation by using software techniques to copy data from a source to a destination drive or to a disk image. . List See also Concepts * Disk image * Disk cloning * Backup Lists *List of back ...

Comparison of disk encryption software This is a technical feature comparison of different disk encryption software. Background information Operating systems Features * Hidden containers: Whether hidden containers (an encrypted container (A) within another encrypted container (B ...

Comparison of disc image software This article is a comparison of notable software applications that can access or manipulate disk image files. It compares their disk image handling features. Comparison criteria This article compares two features: Supported file formats and ca ...

Comparison of distributed file systems In computing, a distributed file system (DFS) or network file system is any file system that allows access to files from multiple hosts sharing via a computer network. This makes it possible for multiple users on multiple machines to share file ...

Comparison of DNS blacklists __NOTOC__ The following table lists technical information for assumed reputable DNS blacklists used for blocking spam. Notes "Collateral listings"—Deliberately listing non-offending IP addresses, in order to coerce ISPs to take action agains ...

Comparison of DNS server software This article presents a comparison of the features, platform support, and packaging of many independent implementations of Domain Name System (DNS) name server software. Servers compared Each of these DNS servers is an independent implementati ...

Comparison of DOS operating systems This article details versions of MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS, and at least partially compatible disk operating systems. It does not include the many other operating systems called "DOS" which are unrelated to IBM PC compatibles. Historical and licensin ...

Comparison of download managers Comparison or comparing is the act of evaluating two or more things by determining the relevant, comparable characteristics of each thing, and then determining which characteristics of each are similar to the other, which are different, and t ...

Comparison of DVD ripper software This article lists DVD ripper software capable of ripping and converting DVD discs, ISO image files or DVD folders to computer, mobile handsets and media players supported file formats. General information ''Note: Applications with a purple ...

Comparison of DVR software packages This is a comparison of digital video recorder (DVR), also known as personal video recorder (PVR), software packages. Note: this is may be considered a comparison of DVB software, not all listed packages have ''recording'' capabilities. General ...

* Comparison of Earthworks Estimation Software *

Comparison of e-book formats The following is a comparison of e-book formats used to create and publish e-books. The EPUB format is the most widely supported e-book format, supported by most e-book readers except Amazon Kindle devices. Most e-book readers also support the PD ...

* Comparison of e-book software *

Comparison of EDA software This page is a comparison of electronic design automation (EDA) software which is used today to design the near totality of electronic devices. Modern electronic devices are too complex to be designed without the help of a computer. Electronic dev ...

* Comparison of eDonkey software *

Comparison of email clients The following tables compare general and technical features of notable email client programs. General Basic general information about the clients: creator/company, O/S, licence, & interface. Clients listed on a light purple background are no long ...

* Comparison of embroidery software *

Comparison of EM simulation software The following table lists software packages with their own article on Wikipedia that are nominal EM (electromagnetic) simulators; References {{DEFAULTSORT:EM simulation software Software comparisons ...

Comparison of feed aggregators The following is a comparison of RSS feed aggregators. Often e-mail programs and web browsers have the ability to display RSS feeds. They are listed here, too. Many BitTorrent clients support RSS feeds for broadcasting (see Comparison of BitT ...

Comparison of file archivers The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of file archivers. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. They are neither all-inclusive nor are some entries necessarily up to date. Unles ...

Comparison of file comparison tools This article compares computer software tools which are used for accomplishing comparisons of files of various types. The file types addressed by individual file comparison apps varies, but may include text, symbols, images, audio, or video. Th ...

Comparison of file managers The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of notable file managers. General information , - ! rowspan="2" , XTree , rowspan="2" , Jeffery C. Johnson , , 1985-04-01 , DOS , , 1992 , rowspan="2" , r ...

Comparison of file-sharing applications File sharing is a method of distributing electronically stored information such as computer programs and digital media. Below is a list of file sharing applications, most of them make use of peer-to-peer file sharing technologies. This comparis ...

Comparison of file synchronization software Glossary Free and open-source Freeware This is a comparison of the freeware (proprietary software release free of charge) file synchronization software. Commercial This is a comparison of commercial software in the fie ...

Comparison of file systems The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of file systems. General information Limits Metadata Features File capabilities Block capabilities Note that in addition to the below table, blo ...

Comparison of file transfer protocols This article lists communication protocols that are designed for file transfer over a telecommunications network. Protocols for shared file systems—such as 9P and the Network File System—are beyond the scope of this article, as are file s ...

Comparison of firewalls Comparison or comparing is the act of evaluating two or more things by determining the relevant, comparable characteristics of each thing, and then determining which characteristics of each are similar to the other, which are different, and t ...

Comparison of force field implementations This is a table of notable computer programs implementing molecular mechanics force fields. See also *Force field (chemistry) *List of software for Monte Carlo molecular modeling *Molecular mechanics *Molecular design software *Molecule editor ...

* Comparison of free off-line satellite navigation software *

Comparison of free software for audio This comparison of free software for audio lists notable free and open source software for use by sound engineers, audio producers, and those involved in sound recording and reproduction. Players Audio analysis Converters DJ software ...

Comparison of FTP client software The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of File Transfer Protocol (FTP) clients. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons, extensions, or extern ...

* Comparison of FTP server software packages *

Comparison of Gaussian process software This is a comparison of statistical analysis software that allows doing inference with Gaussian processes often using Gaussian process approximations, approximations. This article is written from the point of view of Bayesian statistics, which may ...

* Comparison of genealogy software * Comparison of GPS software * Comparison of graphics file formats *

Comparison of cross-platform instant messaging clients The landscape for instant messaging involves cross-platform instant messaging clients that can handle one or multiple protocols. Clients that use the same protocol can typically federate and talk to one another. The following table compares gener ...

Comparison of geographic information systems software This is a comparison of notable GIS software. To be included on this list, the software must have a linked existing article. License, source, & operating system support Pure server Map servers Map caches Pure web client Libraries See a ...

Comparison of Gnutella software Gnutella is a peer-to-peer network protocol. Founded in 2000, it was the first decentralized peer-to-peer network of its kind, leading to other, later networks adopting the model. In June 2005, Gnutella's population was 1.81 million compute ...

Comparison of help desk issue tracking software This article is a comparison of notable issue tracking systems used primarily for help desks and service desks rather than for bug tracking or project management. See also * Comparison of issue-tracking systems * Networked Help Desk * OSS t ...

Comparison of hex editors The following is a comparison of notable hex editors. General Features {, class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; width: 100%;" , - style="background: #ec ...

Comparison of HTML editors The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of HTML editors. Please see the individual products' articles for further information, comparison of text editors for information on text editors, and comparison of word ...

Comparison of instant messaging protocols The following is a comparison of instant messaging protocols. It contains basic general information about the protocols. Table of instant messaging protocols See also *Comparison of cross-platform instant messaging clients *Comparison of Inte ...

Comparison of integrated development environments The following tables list notable software packages that are nominal IDEs; standalone tools such as source code editors and GUI builders are not included. These IDEs are listed in alphabetical order of the supported language. ActionScript ...

* Comparison of iOS e-reader software * Comparison of iPod file managers *

Comparison of issue tracking systems This article is a comparison of issue tracking systems that are notable, including bug tracking systems, help desk and service desk issue tracking systems, as well as asset management systems. The comparison includes client-server application, d ...

Comparison of Internet forum software This article outlines the general features commonly found in various Internet forum software packages. It highlights major features that the manager of a forum might want and should expect to be commonly available in different forum software. Thes ...

Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients The following tables compare general and technical information between a number of notable IRC client programs which have been discussed in independent, reliable prior published sources. General Basic general information about the notablecl ...

Comparison of LAN messengers The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of notable LAN messengers. General information Basic general information about the LAN messengers: creator/company, license/price, among others. Operating system suppo ...

Comparison of lightweight web browsers A lightweight web browser is a web browser that sacrifices some of the features of a mainstream web browser in order to reduce the consumption of system resources, and especially to minimize the memory footprint. The tables below compare notable ...

* Comparison of linear algebra libraries *

Comparison of Linux distributions Technical variations of Linux distributions include support for different hardware devices and systems or software package configurations. Organizational differences may be motivated by historical reasons. Other criteria include security, includi ...

Comparison of machine translation applications Machine translation is an algorithm which attempts to translate text or speech from one natural language to another. General information Basic general information for popular machine translation applications. Languages features comparison ...

Comparison of mail servers The comparison of mail servers covers mail transfer agents (MTAs), mail delivery agents, and other computer software that provide e-mail services. Unix-based mail servers are built using a number of components because a Unix-style environment i ...

Comparison of MIDI editors and sequencers Notable software MIDI editors and sequencers are listed in the following table. See also * List of scorewriters * Comparison of free software for audio * MIDI Show Control * MIDI Show Control software * List of music software This is a list ...

Comparison of microblogging and similar services : The tables below compare general and technical information for some notable active microblogging services, and also social network services that have ''status updates''. General information Features An overview of integral features. Extr ...

* Comparison of mobile Internet Relay Chat clients *

Comparison of mobile operating systems This is a comparison of mobile operating systems. Only the latest versions are shown in the table below, even though older versions may still be marketed. About OS Advanced controls Accessibility features App ecosystem Browser ...

Comparison of multi-model databases Comparison of multi-model databases (database management systems). {, style="text-align: left;" class="wikitable sortable" , - ! Database !! SQL !! Document !! Graph !! Object !! License !! Transactions , - , ArcadeDB , , , , , , , , ...

* Comparison of music education software * Comparison of network diagram software *

Comparison of network monitoring systems The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of notable network monitoring systems. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. Features Legend ; Product Name : The name ...

* Comparison of neurofeedback software * Comparison of notable desktop sharing software *

Comparison of note-taking software The tables below compare features of notable note-taking software. General information Basic features Advanced formatting and content See also * Comparison of text editors * Comparison of web annotation systems * Comparison of wiki soft ...

* Comparison of nuclear magnetic resonance software *

Comparison of nucleic acid simulation software This is a list of notable computer programs that are used for nucleic acid Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a ...

Comparison of numerical-analysis software The following tables provide a comparison of numerical-analysis software. Applications General Operating system support The operating systems the software can run on natively (without emulation). Language features Colors indicate ...

Comparison of object–relational mapping software This table shows a comparison of notable and available ORM software products. See also * List of object–relational mapping software * Object–relational mapping References External links ormeter.net.NET LINQ Language Int ...

* Comparison of Office Open XML software *

Comparison of online backup services This is a comparison of online backup services. Online backup is a special kind of online storage service; however, various products that are designed for file storage may not have features or characteristics that others designed for backup have ...

* Comparison of OpenDocument software *

Comparison of open-source and closed-source software Free/open-source software – the source availability model used by free and open-source software (FOSS) – and closed source are two approaches to the distribution of software. Background Under the ''closed-source'' model source code is no ...

Comparison of open-source configuration management software This is a comparison of notable free and open-source configuration management software, suitable for tasks like server configuration, orchestration and infrastructure as code typically performed by a system administrator. Basic properties "V ...

Comparison of open-source operating systems These tables compare free software / open-source operating systems. Where not all of the versions support a feature, the first version which supports it is listed. General information Supported architectures Supported hardware Ge ...

Comparison of open-source wireless drivers Wireless network cards for computers require control software to make them function (firmware, device drivers). This is a list of the status of some open-source drivers for 802.11 IEEE 802.11 is part of the IEEE 802 set of local area network ...

Comparison of operating systems These tables provide a comparison of operating systems, of computer devices, as listing general and technical information for a number of widely used and currently available PC or handheld (including smartphone and tablet computer) operating sy ...

* Comparison of operating system kernels * Comparison of optimization software *

Comparison of packet analyzers The following tables compare general and technical information for several packet analyzer software utilities, also known as network analyzers or packet sniffers. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. General info ...

Comparison of parser generators This is a list of notable lexer generators and parser generators for various language classes. Regular languages Regular languages are a category of languages (sometimes termed Chomsky Type 3) which can be matched by a state machine (more sp ...

Comparison of photo gallery software A photo gallery software is a computer software that let users to manage and display photos and pictures and, in some cases, videos and other multimedia content. Features could include classify, display, share, tagging, etc. The following is a co ...

Comparison of photogrammetry software Photogrammetry is the technique to extract geometric information from two-dimensional images or video. Comparison of notable packages See also *MicMac (software) *PCI Geomatica *Bundle adjustment#Software, Bundle adjustment software *Str ...

Comparison of photo stitching software Photo stitching software produce panoramic pictures and VR photographs. The other method involves using panoramic cameras or panoramic mirror lenses (i.e. ''one-shot lenses''). General HDR, tonemapping and exposure fusion Image correc ...

Comparison of platform virtualization software Platform virtualization software, specifically emulators and hypervisors, are software packages that emulate the whole physical computer machine, often providing multiple virtual machines on one physical platform. The table below compares basic ...

Comparison of power management software suites PC power management refers to software-based mechanisms for controlling the power use of Personal computer hardware. This is typically achieved through software that puts the hardware into the lowest power demand state available, making it an as ...

Comparison of project management software The following is a comparison of project management software. General information Features Monetary features See also * Kanban (development) * Project management software * Project planning * Comparison of scrum software * Comparison ...

Comparison of raster graphics editors Raster graphics editors can be compared by many variables, including availability. List General information Basic general information about the editors: creator, company, license, etc. Operating system support The operating systems ...

Comparison of raster-to-vector conversion software The following tables contain general and technical information about a number of raster-to-vector conversion software products. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. General information This table gives basic ...

Comparison of real-time operating systems This is a list of real-time operating systems (RTOSs). This is an operating system An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common daemon (computing), services for computer p ...

Comparison of reference management software The following tables compare notable reference management software. The comparison includes older applications that may no longer be supported, as well as actively-maintained software. General In the "notes" section, there is a difference betw ...

Comparison of remote desktop software This page is a comparison of notable remote desktop software available for various platforms. Remote desktop software Operating system support Features Terminology In the table above, the following terminology is intended to be ...

* Comparison of regular expression engines * Comparison of router software projects *

Comparison of satellite navigation software This is a list of notable commercial satellite navigation software (also known as GPS software) for various devices, with a specific focus on mobile phone A mobile phone, cellular phone, cell phone, cellphone, handphone, hand phone or pocke ...

Comparison of screencasting software This page provides a comparison of notable screencasting software, used to record activities on the computer screen. This software is commonly used for desktop recording, gameplay recording and video editing. Screencasting software is typically ...

Comparison of scorewriters See also * Comparison of MIDI editors and sequencers * List of guitar tablature software * List of music software * List of scorewriters A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) ...

Comparison of scrum software This page compares software with specific support for the scrum framework. Although the features of some general project management software can be conceptualized around scrum, general project management software is not included on this list unle ...

* Comparison of shopping cart software *

Comparison of social networking software Social networking software provides the technological basis for community driven content sharing and social networking. See also Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking, especially for open-source software. Compar ...

* Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking *

Comparison of software calculators This is a list of notable software calculators. Immediate execution calculators (button-oriented) Expression or formula calculators (command-line oriented) See also * Software calculator * Calculator input methods * Formula calculator * ...

Comparison of software for molecular mechanics modeling This is a list of computer programs that are predominantly used for molecular mechanics calculations. See also *Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics * Comparison of force-field implementations * Comparison of nucleic acid simulation software ...

Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities A source-code-hosting facility (also known as forge) is a file archive and web hosting facility for source code of software, documentation, web pages, and other works, accessible either publicly or privately. They are often used by open-source s ...

Comparison of spreadsheet software Spreadsheet is a class of application software design to analyze tabular data called "worksheets". A collection of worksheets is called a "workbook". Online spreadsheets do not depend on a particular operating system but require a standards-compli ...

Comparison of SSH clients An SSH client is a software program which uses the secure shell protocol to connect to a remote computer. This article compares a selection of notable clients. General Platform The operating systems or virtual machines the SSH clients a ...

Comparison of SSH servers An SSH server is a software program which uses the Secure Shell protocol to accept connections from remote computers. SFTP/ SCP file transfers and remote terminal connections are popular use cases for an SSH server. General Platform The ...

Comparison of statistical packages The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of statistical analysis packages. General information Operating system support ANOVA Support for various ANOVA methods Regression Support for various regression m ...

Comparison of streaming media software This is a comparison of streaming media systems. A more complete list of streaming media systems is also available. General The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of streaming media systems both audio and v ...

Comparison of structured storage software Structured storage is computer storage for structured data, often in the form of a distributed database. Computer software formally known as structured storage systems include Apache Cassandra, Google's Bigtable and Apache HBase. Comparison ...

* Comparison of Subversion clients *

Comparison of survey software Software tools for surveys are varied, ranging from desktop applications to complex web systems for monitoring consumer behaviour. The tables includes general and technical information for notable Computer-assisted survey information collection ...

* Comparison of system dynamics software *

Comparison of TeX editors The following is a comparison of TeX editors. Table of editors See also * Formula editor * Comparison of word processors * Comparison of text editors This article provides basic comparisons for notable text editors. More feature detail ...

Comparison of text editors This article provides basic comparisons for notable text editors. More feature details for text editors are available from the '' Category of text editor features'' and from the individual products' articles. This article may not be up-to-date or n ...

Comparison of time-tracking software This is a comparison of notable time-tracking software packages and web hosted services. See also * Deployment management * Flextime plan * Project management software * Timesheet * Working time Working(laboring) time is the perio ...

Comparison of TLS implementations The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol provides the ability to secure communications across networks. This comparison of TLS implementations compares several of the most notable libraries. There are several TLS implementations which are free ...

Comparison of Usenet newsreaders This is a comparison of Usenet newsreaders. Legend: See also * ''alt.*'' hierarchy * List of newsgroups * List of Usenet newsreaders * News server * Newsreader (Usenet) * Network News Transfer Protocol * Usenet newsgroup References ...

Comparison of user features of messaging platforms Comparison of user features of messaging platforms refers to a comparison of all the various user features of various electronic instant messaging platforms. This includes a wide variety of resources; it includes standalone apps, platforms within we ...

Comparison of vector graphics editors A number of vector graphics editors exist for various platforms. Potential users of these editors will make a comparison of vector graphics editors based on factors such as the availability for the user's platform, the software license, the feat ...

Comparison of version-control software In software development, version control is a class of systems responsible for managing changes to computer programs or other collections of information such that revisions have a logical and consistent organization. The following tables inclu ...

* Comparison of video codecs *

Comparison of video container formats These tables compare features of multimedia container formats, most often used for storing or streaming digital video or digital audio content. To see which multimedia players support which container format, look at comparison of media players. ...

* Comparison of video converters *

Comparison of video editing software General information This table gives basic general information about the different editors: Active Discontinued / inactive Definition * professional: used for full length Hollywood movies; * professional (small): mainly used for paid ...

Comparison of video player software The following comparison of video players compares general and technical information for notable software media player programs. For the purpose of this comparison, ''video players'' are defined as any media player which can play video, even ...

* Comparison of vinyl emulation software * Comparison of virtual machines *

Comparison of VoIP software This is a comparison of voice over IP (VoIP) software used to conduct telephone-like voice conversations across Internet Protocol (IP) based networks. For residential markets, voice over IP phone service is often cheaper than traditional public swi ...

* Comparison of web-based genealogy software *

Comparison of web browsers General information Basic general information about the browsers. Browsers listed on a light purple background are discontinued. Platforms with a yellow background have limited support. Operating system support Browsers are compiled to run o ...

Comparison of webcam software Webcam software allows users to take pictures and video and save them to their computer. See also

* Comparison of screencasting software Webcams Multimedia software comparisons, Webcam {{Compu-stub ...

Comparison of WebDAV software WebDAV (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning) is a set of extensions to the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which allows user agents to collaboratively author contents ''directly'' in an HTTP web server by providing facilities for conc ...

*Comparison of web frameworks **

Comparison of JavaScript-based web frameworks This is a comparison of web frameworks for front-end web development that are heavily reliant on JavaScript JavaScript (), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World ...

(front-end) **

Comparison of server-side web frameworks This is a comparison of notable web frameworks, software used to build and deploy web applications. General Basic information about each framework. Systems listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development. ASP.NET C+ ...

(back-end) *

Comparison of web map services __TOC__ See also * GraphHopper * Navteq * Petal Maps * Online virtual globes * Tencent Maps * Traffic Message Channel (TMC) References {{Reflist External links Google MapsBing MapsMapQuest MapsMapy.czOpenStreetMapHereApple MapsYan ...

Comparison of web search engines Web search engines are listed in tables below for comparison purposes. The first table lists the company behind the engine, volume and ad support and identifies the nature of the software being used as free software or proprietary software. The ...

Comparison of web server software Web server software allows computers to act as web servers. The first web servers supported only static files, such as HTML (and images), but now they commonly allow embedding of server side applications. Some web application frameworks include s ...

Comparison of web template engines The following table lists the various web template engines used in Web template systems and a brief rundown of their features. See also * Template processor * Web template system * JavaScript templating * :Template engines Java template e ...

* Comparison of widget engines *

Comparison of wiki software The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of wiki software packages. General information Systems listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development. Target audience Features 1 Featur ...

Comparison of word processors This is a comparison of word processing software. General information This table provides general information about selected word processors. Characteristics This table gives characteristics of each word processor. Operating system compati ...

* Comparison of XMPP clients *

Comparison of XMPP server software Comparison or comparing is the act of evaluating two or more things by determining the relevant, comparable characteristics of each thing, and then determining which characteristics of each are similar to the other, which are different, and t ...

Comparison of X window managers This article compares variety of different X window managers. For an introduction to the topic, see X Window System. General information Features See also * Comparison of X Window System desktop environments * Window manager * ...

Comparison of X Window System desktop environments A desktop environment is a collection of software designed to give functionality and a certain look and feel to an operating system. This article applies to operating systems which are capable of running the X Window System, mostly Unix and Unix ...

* Comparison of deep-learning software *

Comparison of YouTube downloaders Comparison or comparing is the act of evaluating two or more things by determining the relevant, comparable characteristics of each thing, and then determining which characteristics of each are similar to the other, which are different, and t ...

* Comparisons of media players

History

History of software engineering The history of software engineering begins in the 1960s. Writing software has evolved into a profession concerned with how best to maximize the quality of software and of how to create it. Quality can refer to how maintainable software is, to it ...

* History of free and open-source software * History of software configuration management * History of programming languages **

Timeline of programming languages This is a record of notable programming languages, by decade. Prior to 1950 there were 8 unique programming languages, where 6 were unique languages and 2 were combinations of unique languages. By 1960 there were around 45-50 unique programming ...

History of operating systems Computer operating systems (OSes) provide a set of functions needed and used by most application programs on a computer, and the links needed to control and synchronize computer hardware. On the first computers, with no operating system, every p ...

** History of Mac OS X ** History of Microsoft Windows *** Timeline of Microsoft Windows *

History of the web browser A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. It further provides for the capture or input of information which may be returned to the presenting system, then sto ...

** Web browser history

Development

Software development entails the establishment of a

systems development life cycle In systems engineering, information systems and software engineering, the systems development life cycle (SDLC), also referred to as the application development life cycle, is a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an informa ...

of a software product. It encompasses a planned and structured process from the conception of the desired software to its final manifestation, which constitutes

computer programming Computer programming is the process of performing a particular computation (or more generally, accomplishing a specific computing result), usually by designing and building an executable computer program. Programming involves tasks such as anal ...

, the process of writing and maintaining the

source code In computing, source code, or simply code, is any collection of code, with or without comments, written using a human-readable programming language, usually as plain text. The source code of a program is specially designed to facilitate the ...

. Software development includes research, prototyping, modification, reuse, re-engineering, maintenance, or any other activities that result in software products.

Software engineering

Software engineering Software engineering is a systematic engineering approach to software development. A software engineer is a person who applies the principles of software engineering to design, develop, maintain, test, and evaluate computer software. The term '' ...

( outline) –

Computer programming

Computer programming Computer programming is the process of performing a particular computation (or more generally, accomplishing a specific computing result), usually by designing and building an executable computer program. Programming involves tasks such as anal ...

( outline) –

Distribution

Software distribution – *

Software license A software license is a legal instrument (usually by way of contract law, with or without printed material) governing the use or redistribution of software. Under United States copyright law, all software is copyright protected, in both sourc ...

s **

Beerware Beerware is a tongue-in-cheek term for software released under a very relaxed license (beerware licensed software). It provides the end user with the right to use a particular program (or do anything else with the source code). Description Sh ...

** Free **

Free and open source software Free and open-source software (FOSS) is a term used to refer to groups of software consisting of both free software and open-source software where anyone is freely licensed to use, copy, study, and change the software in any way, and the sour ...

** Freely redistributable software **

Open-source software Open-source software (OSS) is computer software that is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to use, study, change, and distribute the software and its source code to anyone and for any purpose. ...

Proprietary software Proprietary software is software that is deemed within the free and open-source software to be non-free because its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner exercises a legal monopoly afforded by modern copyright and i ...

Public domain software Public-domain software is software that has been placed in the public domain, in other words, software for which there is absolutely no ownership such as copyright, trademark, or patent. Software in the public domain can be modified, distribute ...

* Revenue models **

Adware Adware, often called advertising-supported software by its developers, is software that generates revenue for its developer by automatically generating online advertisements in the user interface of the software or on a screen presented to the ...

Donationware Donationware is a licensing model that supplies fully operational unrestricted software to the user and requests an optional donation be paid to the programmer or a third-party beneficiary (usually a non-profit). The amount of the donation may also ...

Freemium Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium," is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services, or virtual (online) or physical ...

Freeware Freeware is software, most often proprietary, that is distributed at no monetary cost to the end user. There is no agreed-upon set of rights, license, or EULA that defines ''freeware'' unambiguously; every publisher defines its own rules for the ...

Commercial software Commercial software, or seldom payware, is a computer software that is produced for sale or that serves commercial purposes. Commercial software can be proprietary software or free and open-source software. Background and challenge While sof ...

Nagware Shareware is a type of proprietary software that is initially shared by the owner for trial use at little or no cost. Often the software has limited functionality or incomplete documentation until the user sends payment to the software develope ...

Postcardware Shareware is a type of proprietary software that is initially shared by the owner for trial use at little or no cost. Often the software has limited functionality or incomplete documentation until the user sends payment to the software developer ...

Shareware Shareware is a type of proprietary software that is initially shared by the owner for trial use at little or no cost. Often the software has limited functionality or incomplete documentation until the user sends payment to the software developer ...

* Delivery methods **

Digital distribution Digital distribution, also referred to as content delivery, online distribution, or electronic software distribution, among others, is the delivery or distribution of digital media content such as audio, video, e-books, video games, and other s ...

***

List of mobile software distribution platforms This list of mobile app distribution platforms includes digital distribution platforms, or marketplace ' app stores', that are intended to provide mobile applications, aka 'apps' to mobile devices. For information on each mobile platform and ...

** On-premises software **

Pre-installed software Pre-installed software (also known as bundled software) is software already installed and licensed on a computer or smartphone bought from an original equipment manufacturer (OEM).Product bundling In marketing, product bundling is offering several products or services for sale as one combined product or service package. It is a common feature in many imperfectly competitive product and service markets. Industries engaged in the practice ...

Software as a service Software as a service (SaaS ) is a software licensing and delivery model in which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted. SaaS is also known as "on-demand software" and Web-based/Web-hosted software. SaaS is co ...

** Software plus services * Scams **

Scareware Scareware is a form of malware which uses social engineering to cause shock, anxiety, or the perception of a threat in order to manipulate users into buying unwanted software. Scareware is part of a class of malicious software that includes r ...

Malware Malware (a portmanteau for ''malicious software'') is any software intentionally designed to cause disruption to a computer, server, client, or computer network, leak private information, gain unauthorized access to information or systems, depr ...

* End of software life cycle **

Abandonware Abandonware is a product, typically software, ignored by its owner and manufacturer, and for which no official support is available. Within an intellectual rights contextual background, abandonware is a software (or hardware) sub-case of the ...

Industry

Software industry The software industry includes businesses for development, maintenance and publication of software that are using different business models, mainly either "license/maintenance based" (on-premises) or "Cloud based" (such as SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, MBa ...

Publications

Free Software Magazine ''Free Software Magazine'' (also known as ''FSM'' and originally titled ''The Open Voice'') is a Web site that produces a (generally bi-monthly) mostly free-content online magazine about free software. It was started in November 2004 by Australi ...

InfoWorld ''InfoWorld'' (abbreviated IW) is an information technology media business. Founded in 1978, it began as a monthly magazine. In 2007, it transitioned to a web-only publication. Its parent company today is International Data Group, and its siste ...

PC Magazine ''PC Magazine'' (shortened as ''PCMag'') is an American computer magazine published by Ziff Davis. A print edition was published from 1982 to January 2009. Publication of online editions started in late 1994 and have continued to the presen ...

Software Magazine ''Software Magazine'' is a software and Information technology magazine. It is owned and published by Rockport Custom Publishing, based in Beverly, Massachusetts, on a monthly basis. Software 500 survey can be used to gauge the value of the comme ...

Wired (magazine) ''Wired'' (stylized as ''WIRED'') is a monthly American magazine, published in print and online editions, that focuses on how emerging technologies affect culture, the economy, and politics. Owned by Condé Nast, it is headquartered in San ...

Influential people

Bill Gates William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate and philanthropist. He is a co-founder of Microsoft, along with his late childhood friend Paul Allen. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions ...

Steve Jobs Steven Paul Jobs (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, industrial designer, media proprietor, and investor. He was the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple; the chairman and majority shareholder of Pixar; ...

Linus Torvalds Linus Benedict Torvalds ( , ; born 28 December 1969) is a Finnish software engineer who is the creator and, historically, the lead developer of the Linux kernel, used by Linux distributions and other operating systems such as Android. He also ...

Jonathan Sachs Jonathan Sachs (born June 25, 1947) is a programmer who co-founded Lotus Development Corporation with Mitch Kapor in 1982 and created the first version of the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet program. Sachs left Lotus in 1985 to develop photo-editing so ...

Wayne Ratliff Cecil Wayne Ratliff (born 1946) wrote the database program Vulcan. Raised in Germany and the US, he now resides in the Los Angeles area. Biography Ratliff was born in 1946 in Trenton, Ohio, USA. From 1969 to 1982 he worked for the Martin Marie ...

References

External links

{{Outline footer *Outline

Software Software is a set of computer programs and associated documentation and data. This is in contrast to hardware, from which the system is built and which actually performs the work. At the lowest programming level, executable code consist ...