The Osława (Czech: ''Oslava'', german: Oslawa, Ukrainian: ''Ослава'') is a
river
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of ...
in South-Eastern
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
. Its name comes from the ancient
west Slavic dialect
The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , 'discourse', from , 'through' and , 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of linguistic phenomena:
One usage refers to a variety of a language that is ...
word ''osła'', meaning "stone". It begins in the
Bieszczady mountains and flows through western
Sanok
Sanok (in full the Royal Free City of Sanok — pl, Królewskie Wolne Miasto Sanok, rue, Санок, ''Sanok'', ua, Cянік, ''Sianik'', la, Sanocum, yi, סאניק, ''Sonik'') is a town in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship of south-eastern ...
Land. The river ultimately flows into the
San near
Bykowce, north of
Zagórz.
Main tributaries
The main tributaries of the Osława are, from source to mouth:
Osławica,
Płonka and
Kalniczka.
Villages
The main villages along the Osława are, from source to mouth:
Balnica
Balnica ( uk, Бальниця, ''Bal’nytsia'') is a former village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. ...
,
Czaszyn
Czaszyn ( uk, Чашин, ''Chashyn'') is a village in the Sanok County in the East Małopolska in the Lesser Beskid mountains. The Roman Catholic church (parish of p.w. Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego) for the village of Czaszyn was located ...
,
Duszatyn,
Jawornik,
Kulaszne
Kulaszne ( uk, Куляшне, ''Kuliashne'') is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. It lies ap ...
,
Maniów,
Mików
Mików ( uk, Миків, ''Mykiv'') is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. It lies approximatel ...
,
Mokre,
Morochów,
Prełuki,
Rzepedź
Rzepedź ( uk, Репедь, ''Repyad’'') is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. It lies appr ...
,
Smolnik,
Szczawne,
Tarnawa Dolna,
Turzańsk
Turzańsk ( uk, Туринське, ''Turyns’ke'') is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. It l ...
,
Wola Michowa
Wola Michowa (; uk, Воля Мигова, Volia Myhova) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. ...
,
Wysoczany
Wysoczany ( uk, Височани) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. It lies approximate ...
,
Zagórz and Zasław.
The Osława
valley
A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams ove ...
must have been an important trade route and human settlement axis as early as 9th or 10th century. The region subsequently became part of the
Great Moravia
Great Moravia ( la, Regnum Marahensium; el, Μεγάλη Μοραβία, ''Meghálī Moravía''; cz, Velká Morava ; sk, Veľká Morava ; pl, Wielkie Morawy), or simply Moravia, was the first major state that was predominantly West Slavic to ...
n state. Upon the invasion of the
Hungarian tribes
The Magyar tribes ( , hu, magyar törzsek) or Hungarian clans were the fundamental political units within whose framework the Hungarians (Magyars) lived, before the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin and the subsequent established the Pr ...
into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the
Lendians
The Lendians ( pl, Lędzianie) were a Lechitic tribe who lived in the area of East Lesser Poland and Cherven Cities between the 7th and 11th centuries. Since they were documented primarily by foreign authors whose knowledge of Central and East Eu ...
of the area declared their allegiance to Hungarian Empire. The region then became a site of contention between
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
, Kievan Rus and
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Cr ...
starting in at least the 9th century. This area was mentioned for the first time in 981 (by
Nestor), when
Volodymyr the Great
Vladimir I Sviatoslavich or Volodymyr I Sviatoslavych ( orv, Володимѣръ Свѧтославичь, ''Volodiměrъ Svętoslavičь'';, ''Uladzimir'', russian: Владимир, ''Vladimir'', uk, Володимир, ''Volodymyr''. Se ...
of
Kievan Rus
Kievan Rusʹ, also known as Kyivan Rusʹ ( orv, , Rusĭ, or , , ; Old Norse: ''Garðaríki''), was a state in Eastern Europe, Eastern and Northern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Hist ...
took the area over on the way into
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus, in 1340
Casimir III of Poland
Casimir III the Great ( pl, Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He also later became King of Ruthenia in 1340, and fought to retain the title in the Galicia-Volhynia Wars. He w ...
recovered it.
In
historical records the river was first mentioned in 1400. During 966 - 1018, 1340 - 1772 (
Ruthenian Voivodeship
The Ruthenian Voivodeship (Latin: ''Palatinatus russiae'', Polish: ''Województwo ruskie'', Ukrainian: ''Руське воєводство'', romanized: ''Ruske voievodstvo''), also called Rus’ voivodeship, was a voivodeship of the Crown o ...
) and during 1918 - 1939 the region was a part of Poland. While during 1772 - 1918 it belonged to Austrian empire.
Before World War II, the Osława line, was designated as the ''wild frontier'' between Poles and
Lemko
Lemkos ( rue, Лeмкы, translit= Lemkŷ; pl, Łemkowie; uk, Лемки, translit=Lemky) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Lemko Region ( rue, Лемковина, translit=Lemkovyna; uk, Лемківщина, translit=Lemkivshchyna) of C ...
s.
Literature
* Prof.
Adam Fastnacht. Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Średniowieczu (Historic-Geographic Dictionary of the Sanok District in the Middle Ages), Kraków, 2002, .
Rivers of Poland
Rivers of Podkarpackie Voivodeship
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