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Oslo dialect ( no, Vikamål and ''Østkantmål'', translated Vika dialect and East End dialect) is a Norwegian dialect and the traditional dialect of
Oslo Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of ...
,
Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of ...
. It must not be confused with the current native spoken language of Oslo, Standard East Norwegian.Arild Leitre; Einar Lundeby; Ingvald Torvik. ''Språket vårt før og nå''. Gyldendal, 1994 The Oslo dialect has been considered to be an extinct form of Norwegian, but there are surviving fragments of it, especially on the East End of Oslo.Oslofolk har tatt livet av hunkjønn
, Aftenposten Originally, the Oslo dialect was the dialect of the lower social stratas, primarily the workers, farmers and peasants. The dialect is related to nearby East Norwegian dialects. After the
industrialization Industrialisation ( alternatively spelled industrialization) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organisation of an econo ...
of Oslo (Christiania/Kristiania) at the end of the 19th century, the Oslo dialect was almost exclusively associated with workers and the east end. As a contrast, the upper and middle classes would speak a language more akin to
Dano-Norwegian Dano-Norwegian ( Danish and no, dansk-norsk) was a koiné/ mixed language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of the union between the Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway (1536/1537–1814). It is from th ...
. In the post-war period, much of the industry near the city centre was demolished. This contributed to the decline of the Oslo dialect.


History

The Oslo dialect has since the late 19th century been strongly associated with the East End of Oslo and other working-class areas of the city, but has seen a decline since the post-war period. It existed side-by-side with
Dano-Norwegian Dano-Norwegian ( Danish and no, dansk-norsk) was a koiné/ mixed language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of the union between the Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway (1536/1537–1814). It is from th ...
, the latter being more associated with the upper and middle classes. Workers moving up the social ladder would adopt
Dano-Norwegian Dano-Norwegian ( Danish and no, dansk-norsk) was a koiné/ mixed language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of the union between the Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway (1536/1537–1814). It is from th ...
. Since the end of the 20th century, the Oslo dialect has been in decline due to higher education levels, growth of media, and larger social mobility. This has caused the Oslo dialect to be considered a low-standard language, which is occasionally looked down upon in modern times. Since the 1970s, the Oslo dialect (in its original form) has practically been considered extinct, although natives of Oslo can show typical influence of the Oslo dialect during informal and casual speech. Perhaps the most known examples of Oslo dialect in Norwegian are the Olsenbanden movies, set in Norway from the 1950s to the 1970s. The main characters of Benny, Egon and Kjell speak a dialect close to the original Oslo dialect. In recent times, the dialect has been parodied many times, most notably by Harald Eia's character
Oslolosen Kjell Aronsen, known as "''Oslolosen''", is a fictional character on the Norwegian sketch comedy television show '' Uti vår hage 2'', a show that ran on the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) in the spring of 2008. The character, portrayed ...
.


Examples of Oslo dialect

Standard Eastern Norwegian dialect in brackets, along with English translation in ''italics''. * ''Bjønn'' (bjørn, ''bear'') * ''Bleik'' (blek, ''pale'') * ''Brei'' (bred, ''wide'') * ''Bærj'' (berg, ''mountain'') * ''Bånn'' (bunn, ''bottom'') * ''Brølløp'' (bryllup, ''wedding'') * ''GåL'' (gård, ''farm'') * ''Hævv'' (haug, ''hill'') * ''Hønn'' (horn, ''horn'') * ''Kløppe'' (klippe, ''cliff'') * ''Kjærke'' (kirke, ''church'')


See also

*
East End and West End of Oslo The East End and West End ( nb, østkanten og vestkanten, nn, austkanten og vestkanten) are used as names for the two parts of Oslo, Norway, formed by the economic and socially segregating separation line that has historically passed along the st ...
* Urban East Norwegian *
Norwegian dialects Norwegian dialects (''dialekter'') are commonly divided into four main groups, 'Northern Norwegian' (), 'Central Norwegian' ('' trøndersk''), 'Western Norwegian' (''vestlandsk''), and 'Eastern Norwegian' (). Sometimes 'Midland Norwegian' () and ...
*
Cockney Cockney is an accent and dialect of English, mainly spoken in London and its environs, particularly by working-class and lower middle-class Londoners. The term "Cockney" has traditionally been used to describe a person from the East End, or ...


Literature

*Skjekkeland, Martin, ''Dei norske dialektane : tradisjonelle særdrag i jamføring med skriftmåla'', Kristiansand, Høyskoleforlaget, 1997 *Skjekkeland, Martin, ''Målføre og skriftmål'', Oslo, Universitetsforlaget, 1977 *Austlandsmål i endring : dialektar, nynorsk og språkhaldningar på indre Austlandet, Oslo, Samlaget, 1999


References

{{reflist


External links


Nyttige fakta om nyttige ord
Norwegian dialects Oslo society Culture in Oslo City colloquials