The Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau (french: Ordre du Lion d'Or de la Maison de Nassau, nl, Huisorde van de Gouden Leeuw van Nassau) is a

chivalric order An order of chivalry, order of knighthood, chivalric order, or equestrian order is an order of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Catholic military orders of the Crusades ( 1099–1291) and paired with medieval conc ...

shared by the two branches of the House of Nassau (the Ottonian and Walramian lines). In the context of the elder ''Walramian line'', this order is the highest Luxembourgian

national order A state order, or national order, is an order bestowed by a sovereign state as part of a national honours system.https://www.pressreader.com/lebanon/the-daily-star-lebanon/20180724/281573766486143 These orders, conferred for the merit of the recip ...

and is bestowed by the

Grand Duke of Luxembourg The Grand Duke of Luxembourg ( lb, Groussherzog vu Lëtzebuerg, french: Grand-duc de Luxembourg, german: Großherzog von Luxemburg) is the monarchical head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it w ...

. It may be awarded to sovereigns, princes of sovereign houses and heads of state for meritorious service to Luxembourg and the Grand Duke. In the context of the younger ''Ottonian line'', this order is a house order ( dynastic order) of the Dutch Royal

House of Orange-Nassau The House of Orange-Nassau (Dutch: ''Huis van Oranje-Nassau'', ) is the current reigning house of the Netherlands. A branch of the European House of Nassau, the house has played a central role in the politics and government of the Netherlands ...

and is awarded as a personal gift by the

King of the Netherlands King of The Netherlands (Dutch: ''Koning der Nederlanden'') is the title of the Dutch head of state. The king serves as the head of state of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which includes the constituent nations of the Netherlands, Curaçao, Aru ...

. In this case, the honour is conferred on a person who has rendered special service to the Royal House.Orders for services to the Royal House
- description at the website of the Dutch Royal House ('' Dutch language'')

History

1858–1892

The order was founded with royal grand-ducal decree on 31 March 1858 by

King-Grand Duke The designation of King-Grand Duke was held by the three monarchs of the House of Orange-Nassau that ruled Luxembourg and the Netherlands in personal union, between 1815 and 1890. These monarchs thus held the titles of King of the Netherlands and G ...

William III. The sovereignty of the order was to be shared between both branches of the House of Nassau, by virtue of an agreement between William III,

and

, and

Adolphe ''Adolphe'' is a classic French novel by Benjamin Constant, first published in 1816. It tells the story of an alienated young man, Adolphe, who falls in love with an older woman, Ellénore, the Polish mistress of the Comte de P***. Their illicit ...

Duke of Nassau The Duchy of Nassau ( German: ''Herzogtum Nassau'') was an independent state between 1806 and 1866, located in what is now the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse. It was a member of the Confederation of the Rhine and later of t ...

and future Grand Duke of Luxembourg. The order originally included only one grade (i.e. ''Knight''), but was increased to four by William III in 1873: # ''Grand Cross'' # ''Grand Officer'' # ''Officer'' # ''Knight'' The further rank of ''Commander'' (in between Grand Officer and Officer) was introduced in 1882. None of the changes made by William III were confirmed by Adolphe, with whom the order was supposed to be shared, and Adolphe refused to award any of the new grades. When William III died without a male heir, the grand duchy of Luxembourg passed to Adolphe, as dictated by the Nassau Family Pact.

1892–present

Two years later, in 1892, Adolphe abolished the grades that William III had created unilaterally and, to this day, the order has maintained just one grade, i.e. that of ''Knight''. In 1905, Adolphe agreed with

Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands Wilhelmina (; Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. She reigned for nearly 58 years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World War ...

to once again share sovereignty of the order between both ruling branches of the House of Nassau. At the present time, King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg are joint Grand Masters of the Order of the Gold Lion of Nassau. The order is conferred only on rare occasions in the Netherlands or Luxembourg. For example, the former Dutch Foreign Secretaries

Max van der Stoel Maximilianus "Max" van der Stoel (; 3 August 1924 – 23 April 2011) was a Dutch politician and diplomat, member of the Labour Party (PvdA) and activist who served as High Commissioner on National Minorities of the OSCE from 1 January 1993 unti ...

and

Pieter Kooijmans Pieter Hendrik "Peter" Kooijmans (; 6 July 1933 – 13 February 2013) was a Dutch politician, jurist, and diplomat. He was of the defunct Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), which later merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party. From 1 ...

were made knights of this order by the Queen of the Netherlands. In 1999, the two Grand Masters made the South African President Nelson Mandela a knight during his state visit to the Netherlands (see Nelson Mandela awards).

Insignia

A knight wears the order's badge on a sash on the right shoulder, and the plaque (breast star) of the order on the left chest. *The ''badge'' of the order is a white-enamelled golden Maltese Cross, with the golden monogram "N" between the arms of the cross. The obverse central disc is in blue enamel, bearing the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau. The reverse central disc is also blue enamelled, with the motto ''Je maintiendrai'' ("I will maintain") in gold. *The ''plaque'' is an 8-pointed star with straight silver rays; the same obverse of the badge of the order appears at its centre, surrounded by the motto ''Je maintiendrai'' in gold letters on white enamel. *The ''ribbon'' of the sash of the order is yellow-orange moiré with a small blue stripe at each edge.

Award criteria

"Honorary distinctions of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg": ''The Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau can be conferred on sovereigns and on princes of sovereign houses and, nowadays, also on heads of state, for meritorious service to the Grand Duke and country. The bestowal of the insignia is carried out by the Grand Duke or his specially appointed official representative. The brevet is awarded in agreement with the head of the Ottonian branch of the House of Nassau (The Netherlands).''

Princes and Princesses of the House of Nassau

Princes who are sons or brothers of the heads of the two lines of the House of Nassau are born knights of the order. In 1984, Queen Beatrix and Grand Duke Jean made an agreement that princesses (daughters of the heads of the two lines of the House of Nassau) may be admitted when they reach the age of majority (18). On 16 February 2009, Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg received the order on her 18th birthday. Now that King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands is the head of the Dutch branch, his daughters

Princess Alexia of the Netherlands Princess Alexia of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau (full name: Alexia Juliana Marcela Laurentien; born on 26 June 2005) is the second daughter of Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands and Queen Máxima of the Netherlands. Princess Alex ...

and

Princess Ariane of the Netherlands Princess Ariane of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau (Ariane Wilhelmina Máxima Inés; born 10 April 2007) is the third and youngest daughter of King Willem-Alexander and Queen Máxima. Princess Ariane is a member of the Dutch Royal Ho ...

are also entitled to receive the order on their 18th birthday. His eldest daughter,

Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange (Catharina-Amalia Beatrix Carmen Victoria; born 7 December 2003) is the heir apparent to the throne of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the constituent countries of Aruba, Curaçao, the Net ...

received the order upon her 18th birthday on 17 December 2021.

Recipients

;Grand Masters * Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (Current) * Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands (Current) *

William III of the Netherlands William III (Dutch: ''Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk''; English: ''William Alexander Paul Frederick Louis''; 19 February 1817 – 23 November 1890) was King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 1849 until his death in 18 ...

(Founder) ;Grand Crosses *

Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1844–1894) en, Charles Augustus William Nicholas Alexander Michael Bernhard Henry Frederick Stephen , image = Karl August von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach.jpg , image_size = 180px , caption = , spouse = Princess Pauline of Saxe-We ...

Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Frederick Francis II (German: ''Friedrich Franz II;'' 28 February 1823 – 15 April 1883) was a Prussian officer and Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 7 March 1842 until 15 April 1883. Biography He was born in Schloss Ludwigslust, th ...

Walthère Frère-Orban Hubert Joseph Walthère Frère-Orban (24 April 1812 – 2 January 1896) was a Belgian liberal statesman. Early life He was born at Liège, received his education at home and in Paris, and began the practice of law in his native town. He identif ...

;Knights *

Akihito is a member of the Imperial House of Japan who reigned as the 125th emperor of Japan from 7 January 1989 until his abdication on 30 April 2019. He presided over the Heisei era, ''Heisei'' being an expression of achieving peace worldwide. Bor ...

Albert I of Belgium Albert I (8 April 1875 – 17 February 1934) was King of the Belgians from 23 December 1909 until his death in 1934. Born in Brussels as the fifth child and second son of Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders and Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Si ...

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* Albert of Saxony *

Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen Archduke Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf Dominik of Austria, Duke of Teschen (3 August 1817 – 18 February 1895), was an Austrian Habsburg general. He was the grandson of Emperor Leopold II and one of the chief military advisors of Emperor Francis ...

Alexander II of Russia Alexander II ( rus, Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ; 29 April 181813 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finlan ...

Alexander of Battenberg Alexander Joseph ( bg, Александър I Батенберг; 5 April 185717 November 1893), known as Alexander of Battenberg, was the first prince (''knyaz'') of the Principality of Bulgaria from 1879 until his abdication in 1886. The Bulga ...

Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine Prince Alexander Ludwig Georg Friedrich Emil of Hesse and by Rhine, (15 July 1823 – 15 December 1888), was the third son and fourth child of Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Wilhelmine of Baden. He was a brother of Tsarina Maria Alexand ...

* Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg *

Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Alfred (Alfred Ernest Albert; 6 August 184430 July 1900) was the sovereign duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1893 to 1900. He was the second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. He was known as the Duke of Edinburgh from 1 ...

Prince Arnulf of Bavaria Prince Arnulf of Bavaria (german: Franz Joseph Arnulf Adalbert Maria Prinz von Bayern; 6 July 1852 – 12 November 1907) was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach and a General of Infantry. Early life Arnulf was born in Munich, B ...

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* Prince August of Württemberg *

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* Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1792–1862) *

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Carol I of Romania Carol I or Charles I of Romania (20 April 1839 – ), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to his death in 1914, ruling as Prince (''Domnitor'') from 1866 to 1881, and as King from 1881 to 1914. He w ...

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* Charles XV *

Prince Charles, Count of Flanders nl, Karel Theodoor Hendrik Anton Meinrad , image = Karel van België Charles de Belgique Karl von Belgien.jpg , image_size = 230px , spouse = Jacqueline Peyrebrune , issue = Isabelle , birth_date = , birth_place = Bruss ...

* Prince Charles of Luxembourg (born 2020) * Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg *

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Constantine II of Greece Constantine II ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Βʹ, ''Konstantínos II''; 2 June 1940) reigned as the last King of Greece, from 6 March 1964 until the abolition of the Greek monarchy on 1 June 1973. Constantine is the only son of King Paul a ...

* Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld *

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Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium Elisabeth of Bavaria (Elisabeth Gabriele Valérie Marie; 25 July 187623 November 1965) was Queen of the Belgians from 23 December 1909 to 17 February 1934 as the spouse of King Albert I, and a duchess in Bavaria by birth. She was the mother o ...

* Elizabeth II of Great Britain *

Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale en, Ernest Augustus William Adolphus George Frederick , house = Hanover , father = George V of Hanover , mother = Marie of Saxe-Altenburg , birth_date = , birth_place = Hanover, Kingdom of Hanover , death_date = , death_place = Gmunden ...

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* Franz Joseph I of Austria * Frederick VIII of Denmark *

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Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden Frederick I (german: Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig; 9 September 1826 – 28 September 1907) was the Grand Duke of Baden from 1858 to 1907. Life Frederick was born in Karlsruhe, Baden, on 9 September 1826. He was the third son of Leopold, Gra ...

* Frederick III, German Emperor *

Prince Frederick of Württemberg , image = Prinz Friedrich von Württemberg (1808-1870).jpg , caption = , reign = , coronation = , predecessor = , successor = , succession = , spouse = , issue = William II of Württemberg , house ...

* Frederick William IV of Prussia *

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* Prince George, Duke of Cambridge *

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* Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg *

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* Haile Selassie * Tarja Halonen * Harald V of Norway *

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Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (german: Heinrich Wladimir Albrecht Ernst; nl, Hendrik Vladimir Albrecht Ernst; 19 April 1876 – 3 July 1934) was Prince consort of the Netherlands from 7 February 1901 until his death in 1934 as the husband o ...

* Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1825–1901) *

Prince Jean of Luxembourg Prince Jean of Luxembourg (given names: ''Jean Félix Marie Guillaume''; born 15 May 1957 at Betzdorf Castle), the second son of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium. He is the twin brother of Princess M ...

* Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg * Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg *

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* Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium * Juliana of the Netherlands *

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* Konstantin of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst *

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* Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt *

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* Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse *

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* Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg * Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal * Queen Máxima of the Netherlands *

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* Napoleon III * Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau * Olav V of Norway * Oscar I of Sweden *

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* Otto von Habsburg * Queen Paola of Belgium *

Duke Peter of Oldenburg Duke Constantine Frederick Peter of Oldenburg (german: Konstantin Friedrich Peter; russian: Пётр Гео́ргиевич Ольденбу́ргский, translit=Pëtr Geórgievič Ol'denbúrgskij; – ) was a Duke of the House of Oldenburg. ...

* Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh * Philippe of Belgium * Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders *

Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel Frederick William George Adolphus, Landgrave of Hesse (german: Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Adolf von Hessen-Kassel; 25 November 1820 – 14 October 1884) was the only son of Wilhelm I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel-Rumpenheim and Princess Louise Charlott ...

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* Rainier III, Prince of Monaco *

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* Jan Jacob Rochussen *

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* Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria *

Prince William of Schaumburg-Lippe , house =House of Lippe , father =George William, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe , mother =Princess Ida of Waldeck and Pyrmont , birth_date = , birth_place =Bückeburg, Schaumburg-Lippe, German Confederation , death_date = , d ...

* Walter Scheel * Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg * Queen Silvia of Sweden *

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* Archduke Stephen of Austria (Palatine of Hungary) *

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* Josip Broz Tito * Prince Valdemar of Denmark *

Karl von Wedel Karl, Prince of Wedel (german: Karl Fürst von Wedel; 5 February 1842 – 30 December 1919), born Karl Leo Julius Graf von Wedel, was a Prussian general and diplomat who served as the fourth Imperial Lieutenant (''german: Reichsstatthalter' ...

* Wilhelmina of the Netherlands * William I, German Emperor * William II of Württemberg *

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* Prince William of Baden (1829–1897) *

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* William, Prince of Wied * Zog I of Albania

References

* Legislative texts (French and German): ** Constitution, Art. 41. "The Grand-Duke awards the civil and military orders, while observing about this what the law provides." ** Constitution, Art. 45. "The dispositions taken by the Grand-Duc must be counter-signed by a responsible member of the Government." ** Mémorial A n° 48 of 27.11.1857
Ordonnance royale grand-ducale du 25 novembre 1857 concernant les ordres civils et militaires
(General provision about orders in Luxembourg) ** Mémorial A n° 13 of 05.05.1858
Arrêté royal grand-ducal du 31 mars 1858 concernant l'institution d'un Ordre commun aux deux branches de la Maison de Nassau, sous le nom de: «Ordre du Lion d'or de la Maison de Nassau»
(Foundation of the Order) ** Mémorial A n° 10 of 28.03.1873
Arrêté royal grand-ducal du 13 mars 1873 concernant l'ordre du Lion d'or de la Maison de Nassau
(Creation of new classes in 1873) ** Mémorial A n° 24 du 07.04.1882
Arrêté royal grand-ducal du 29 mars 1882 portant modification des statuts de l'Ordre du Lion d'or de la Maison de Nassau
(Modification of statutes ) ** Mémorial A n° 10 of 05.03.1892
Arrêté grand-ducal du 22 février 1892 modifiant les statuts de l'ordre du Lion d'or de la Maison de Nassau
(Statutes) ** Mémorial A n° 48 of 07.09.190
Arrêté grand-ducal du 27 août 1905 concernant l'Ordre du Lion d'Or de la Maison de Nassau

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Order Of The Gold Lion Of The House Of Nassau 1858 establishments in the Netherlands Awards established in 1858 Orders, decorations, and medals of the German Empire Orders of chivalry of Luxembourg