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The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( it, Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana) is the senior Italian order of merit. It was established in 1951 by the second
President of the Italian Republic President most commonly refers to: * President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...
,
Luigi Einaudi Luigi Numa Lorenzo Einaudi (; 24 March 1874 – 30 October 1961) was an Italian politician and economist. He served as the president of Italy from 1948 to 1955. Early life Einaudi was born to Lorenzo and Placida Fracchia in Carrù, in the prov ...
. The highest-ranking honour of the Republic, it is awarded for "merit acquired by the nation" in the fields of literature, the arts, economy, public service, and social, philanthropic and humanitarian activities and for long and conspicuous service in civilian and military careers. The post-nominal letters for the order are OMRI. The order effectively replaced national orders such as the Civil Order of Savoy (1831), the Order of the Crown of Italy (1868), the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572) and the
Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation ( it, Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata) is a Roman Catholic order of chivalry, originating in Savoy. It eventually was the pinnacle of the honours system in the Kingdom of Italy, which ce ...
(1362).


Grades

Investiture takes place twice a year – on 2 June, the anniversary of the foundation of the Republic, and on 27 December, the anniversary of the promulgation of the
Italian Constitution The Constitution of the Italian Republic ( it, Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana) was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947, with 453 votes in favour and 62 against. The text, which has since been amended sixteen times, ...
. However, those awards on Presidential , related to termination of service or granted to foreigners, may be made at any time. The badge, modified in 2001, bears the inscription encircling the
national coat of arms A national coat of arms is a symbol which denotes an independent state in the form of a heraldic achievement. While a national flag is usually used by the population at large and is flown outside and on ships, a national coat of arms is normally ...
on the obverse and the
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
(for the union of the country) and (for the liberty of the citizens) encircling the head of Italia Turrita on the reverse.By Decree of the President of the Republic No. 173 of 30 March 2001 The six degrees with corresponding ribbons are as follows (with numbers to 2 June 2020): The order is bestowed by decree of the
President of the Italian Republic President most commonly refers to: * President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...
, as head of the orders of knighthood, on the recommendation of the President of the Council of Ministers. Except in exceptional circumstances, no one can be awarded for the first time a rank higher than Knight. The minimum age requirement is normally 35. The Knight Grand Cross with Collar is awarded only to
heads of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and ...
.


Recipients


Grand Cross with Collar

* Presidency of
Luigi Einaudi Luigi Numa Lorenzo Einaudi (; 24 March 1874 – 30 October 1961) was an Italian politician and economist. He served as the president of Italy from 1948 to 1955. Early life Einaudi was born to Lorenzo and Placida Fracchia in Carrù, in the prov ...
(12 May 1948 – 11 May 1955): * Presidency of Giovanni Gronchi (11 May 1955 – 11 May 1962): * Presidency of
Antonio Segni Antonio Segni (; 2 February 1891 – 1 December 1972) was an Italian politician and statesman who served as the president of Italy from May 1962 to December 1964 and the prime minister of Italy in two distinct terms between 1955 and 1960. A memb ...
(11 May 1962 – 6 December 1964): * Presidency of Giuseppe Saragat (29 December 1964 – 29 December 1971): * Presidency of Giovanni Leone (29 December 1971 – 15 June 1978): * Presidency of Sandro Pertini (9 July 1978 – 29 June 1985): * Presidency of Francesco Cossiga (3 July 1985 – 28 April 1992): * Presidency of
Oscar Luigi Scalfaro Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (; 9 September 1918 – 29 January 2012) was the president of Italy from 1992 to 1999. A member of Christian Democracy (DC), he became an independent politician after the DC's dissolution in 1992, and was close to the centr ...
(25 May 1992 – 15 May 1999): * Presidency of Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (18 May 1999 – 15 May 2006): * Presidency of Giorgio Napolitano (15 May 2006 – 14 January 2015): * Presidency of
Sergio Mattarella Sergio Mattarella (; born 23 July 1941) is an Italian politician, jurist, academic and lawyer who has served as the president of Italy since 2015. A Christian leftist politician, Mattarella was a leading member of the Christian Democracy par ...
(3 February 2015–''incumbent''):


Gallery

File:OrdMeritRepubbItal.JPG, Comparison of the pre-2001 (at left) and the (at right) badges of the Order File:Collection of all Orders of Merit of the Italian Republic (Pre-2001).jpg, All grades of the Order (pre-2001) File:Italy - Order of Merit of the Italian Republic - All Grades.jpg, Five grades of the Order File:Italy - Order of Merit of the Italian Republic - Grand Cross, Grand Officer, Commander, Officer, Knight and Document (Pre-2001).jpg, The pre-2001 grades of the Order File:Italy - Order of Merit of the Italian Republic - All five grades sets (Pre-2001).jpg, Knight, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer and Grand Cross grades File:Italy - Order of Merit of the Italian Republic - Knight & Officer sets (Pre-2001).png, Knights and Officer Classes of the Order File:Italy - Order of Merit of the Italian Republic - Knight and Officer grades (Pre-2001).png, Knight 5th Class and Officer 4th Class grades File:Italy - Order of Merit of the Italian Republic - Knight & Officer (Pre-2001).png, Sets of the Knight and Officer classes File:Italy - Order of Merit of the Italian Republic - Commander grade (Pre-2001).png, Commander 3rd Class of the Order File:Italy - Order of Merit of the Italian Republic - Commander (Pre-2001).png, Commander set in case File:Italy - Order of Merit of the Italian Republic - Commander set (Pre-2001).png, 3rd Class set of the Order File:Italy - Order of Merit of the Italian Republic - Grand Officer set (Pre-2001).png, Bestowal document of a Grand Officer grade with the insignia File:Italy - Order of Merit of the Italian Republic - Grand Officer (Pre-2001).png, Grand Officer set of insignia with the bestowal document File:Italy - Order of Merit of the Italian Republic - Grand Cross set.png, Grand Cross set of insignia File:Italy - Order of Merit of the Italian Republic - Grand Cross (Pre-2001).png, The Grand Cross grade of the Order in case of issue File:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic grand cross collar badge (Italy 1954-1960) - Tallinn Museum of Orders.jpg, Collar of the Order (since 2001) File:Divisa.OMRI.1.png, Wearer's guide for each grade (1951–2001) File:Divisa.OMRI.2.png, Wearer's guide for each grade (since 2001)


See also

*
List of Italian orders of knighthood The Italian honours system is a means to reward achievements or service to the Italian Republic, formerly the Kingdom of Italy including the Italian Social Republic. Orders of chivalry Italian Republic There are five orders of knighthood ...
*
Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation ( it, Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata) is a Roman Catholic order of chivalry, originating in Savoy. It eventually was the pinnacle of the honours system in the Kingdom of Italy, which ce ...
* Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus


Notes


References


External links


Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
– Presidenza della Repubblica
Ordini dinastici della Real Casa di Savoia
{{Italian orders of knighthood Civil awards and decorations of Italy Italian Republic, Order of Merit of the Merit of the Italian Republic, Order of 1951 establishments in Italy Orders of merit