OPEN Alliance SIG
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The OPEN Alliance is a non-profit, special interest group (SIG) of mainly
automotive industry The automotive industry comprises a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles. It is one of the world's largest industries by revenue (from 16 % ...
and technology providers collaborating to encourage wide scale adoption of
Ethernet Ethernet () is a family of wired computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1 ...
-based communication as the standard in automotive networking applications. The member companies of the OPEN Alliance take advantage of the scalability and flexibility of Ethernet to allow for cost-effective communication networks in vehicles with reduced complexity. An Ethernet-based communication network is also a key infrastructure element for future customer functions like
autonomous driving A self-driving car, also known as an autonomous car, driver-less car, or robotic car (robo-car), is a car that is capable of traveling without human input.Xie, S.; Hu, J.; Bhowmick, P.; Ding, Z.; Arvin, F.,Distributed Motion Planning for Sa ...
and the
connected car A connected car is a car that can communicate bidirectionally with other systems outside of the car (LAN). This allows the car to share internet access, and hence data, with other devices both inside and outside the vehicle. For safety-critical ap ...
.


History

Traditional automotive networks such as CAN,
LIN Lin or LIN may refer to: People *Lin (surname) (normally ), a Chinese surname *Lin (surname) (normally 蔺), a Chinese surname *Lin (The King of Fighters), Lin (''The King of Fighters''), Chinese assassin character *Lin Chow Bang, character in Fat ...
, FlexRay,
MOST Most or Möst or ''variation'', may refer to: Places * Most, Kardzhali Province, a village in Bulgaria * Most (city), a city in the Czech Republic ** Most District, a district surrounding the city ** Most Basin, a lowland named after the city ** A ...
were unable to meet the higher data rate requirements of emerging automotive applications such as
advanced driver assistance systems An advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) is any of a groups of electronic technologies that assist drivers in driving and parking functions. Through a safe human-machine interface, ADAS increase car and road safety. ADAS uses automated technol ...
(ADAS),
Infotainment Infotainment (a portmanteau of ''information'' and ''entertainment''), also called soft news as a way to distinguish it from serious journalism or hard news, is a type of media, usually television or online, that provides a combination of inf ...
or fast update of various ECUs in vehicles. This led BMW to investigate new standard based networking technologies such as Ethernet in 2004. Standard 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet met automotive requirements for higher bandwidth and also provided flexibility in networking topology but it had limitations in meeting the automotive EMC requirements. In collaboration with
Broadcom Broadcom Inc. is an American designer, developer, manufacturer and global supplier of a wide range of semiconductor and infrastructure software products. Broadcom's product offerings serve the data center, networking, software, broadband, wirel ...
, BMW customized the BroadR-Reach Ethernet technology to meet automotive EMC requirements over a single unshielded
twisted pair Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring used for communications in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of improving electromagnetic compatibility. Compared to a single conductor or an untwisted b ...
cable. In comparison to 100BASE-TX, which requires two twisted pair cables, this had the additional advantage of reducing the cable weight and system costs further. OPEN Alliance was born as a result of this collaboration to create an ecosystem of vendors and partners to promote and adopt BroadR-Reach Ethernet technology for automotive in-vehicle networks and to encourage the development of new, automotive suitable Ethernet PHY solutions. In 2016, BroadR-Reach technology was standardized and published as IEEE802.3bw–2015 100BASE-T1 specification. The name “OPEN” originally stood for One Pair EtherNet, and indeed both the 100BASE-T1 and the 1000BASE-T1 technologies deploy one twisted pair cables only. However, today, the OPEN Alliance supports and enables the deployment of automotive Ethernet-based communication independent of the cabling used.


Goals and objectives

The objective of the OPEN Alliance SIG is to facilitate the adoption of Ethernet-based communication for in-vehicle networks: * Enable the deployment of the existing IEEE 100BASE-T1, 1000BASE-T1 and 1000BASE-RH
physical layer In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer; The layer most closely associated with the physical connection between devices. This layer may be implemented by a PHY chip. The ...
specifications with complementing specifications for conformance and interoperability. * Complete the ecosystem further with requirement and test specifications for harnesses,
switches In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most common type of ...
, ECUs, and additional functionalities. * Encourage and support the development of new physical layer solutions in a standards setting organization. * Continuously identify and address gaps related to the implementation of Ethernet-based communication in automotive.


Members

Founding members of the OPEN Alliance SIG are BMW, Broadcom and
NXP Semiconductors NXP Semiconductors N.V. (NXP) is a Dutch semiconductor designer and manufacturer with headquarters in Eindhoven, Netherlands. The company employs approximately 31,000 people in more than 30 countries. NXP reported revenue of $11.06 billion in 2 ...
. In November 2011 the companies C&S, UNH-IOL, Harman,
Hyundai Hyundai is a South Korean industrial conglomerate (" chaebol"), which was restructured into the following groups: * Hyundai Group, parts of the former conglomerate which have not been divested ** Hyundai Mobis, Korean car parts company ** Hyundai A ...
,
Freescale Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. was an American semiconductor manufacturer. It was created by the divestiture of the Semiconductor Products Sector of Motorola in 2004. Freescale focused their integrated circuit products on the automotive, embedd ...
and Jaguar Landrover joined the OPEN Alliance SIG.
Continental Continental may refer to: Places * Continent, the major landmasses of Earth * Continental, Arizona, a small community in Pima County, Arizona, US * Continental, Ohio, a small town in Putnam County, US Arts and entertainment * ''Continental'' ( ...
, TÜV Nord,
Valeo Valeo is a French global automotive supplier headquartered in France, listed on the Paris Stock Exchange ( CAC-40 Index). It supplies a wide range of products to automakers and the aftermarket. The Group employs 113,600 people in 33 countries wo ...
and JAE Europe joined in December. Since that time membership has surged to more than 300 members (as of March 22, 2016). Membership allows companies to influence the specifications and early access to the standard specifications. There are two types of members, Promoters and Adopters: * Promoter can participate and contribute to the OPEN Alliance technical committees. Promoters also have the right and the duty to participate in Steering Committee meetings that deal with the organizational and strategic matters of the OPEN Alliance. * Adopters can also participate and contribute to the OPEN Alliance technical committees just like the Promoters. Once members have contributed as an Adopter, they may apply to become a Promoter member. A complete list of members can be found at http://www.opensig.org


Structure of OPEN Alliance


Steering Committee

This committee defines the overall strategy and roadmap, manages day-to-day non-technical operations and admission of members, public relations and contractual issues. It includes BMW,
Broadcom Limited Broadcom Inc. is an American designer, developer, manufacturer and global supplier of a wide range of semiconductor and infrastructure software products. Broadcom's product offerings serve the data center, networking, software, broadband, wirel ...
, Continental,
Daimler AG The Mercedes-Benz Group AG (previously named Daimler-Benz, DaimlerChrysler and Daimler) is a German multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is one of the world's leading car manufactu ...
,
General Motors The General Motors Company (GM) is an American Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is the largest automaker in the United States and ...
Co, HARMAN, Hyundai Motor Company, Jaguar Land Rover (JLR), NXP,
Realtek Realtek Semiconductor Corp () is a fabless semiconductor company situated in the Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Realtek was founded in October 1987 and subsequently listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange in 1998. Realtek currently manufa ...
Semiconductor Corp,
Renault Groupe Renault ( , , , also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past has manufactured ...
SA,
Renesas is a Japanese semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, initially incorporated in 2002 as Renesas Technology, the consolidated entity of the semiconductor units of Hitachi and Mitsubishi excluding their dynamic random-access memo ...
,
Robert Bosch GmbH Robert Bosch GmbH (; ), commonly known as Bosch and stylized as BOSCH, is a German multinational engineering and technology company headquartered in Gerlingen, Germany. The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886. Bosc ...
,
Toyota is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 ...
,
Volkswagen Group Volkswagen AG (), known internationally as the Volkswagen Group, is a German multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. The company designs, manufactures and distributes passenger and commercia ...
,
Volvo Cars Volvo Cars ( sv, Volvo personvagnar, styled VOLVO in the company's logo) is a Swedish multinational manufacturer of luxury vehicles headquartered in Torslanda, Gothenburg. The company manufactures SUVs, station wagons, and sedans. The company ...
. The key roles which are rotated are Chair, Secretary, Communications Manager, and Webstorage Administrator.


Technical committees Cs

Technical committees are responsible for the technical work within the OPEN Alliance. Their output is generally in form of specifications available to members and often also to non-members on the OPEN website.


TC1

''Interoperability & Compliance Tests for 100BASE-T1 PHYs'' Only with an optimal specification, along with interoperability & compliance tests, are suppliers able to develop and support the fast-growing automotive Ethernet market. To facilitate the development of compatible 100BASE-T1 products by semiconductor manufacturers, TC1 is responsible for creating, reviewing and clarifying the specification for all members. In addition, TC1 coordinates the effort to define interoperability, compliance, and EMC requirements and test methods.


TC2

''100BASE-T1 Ethernet Channel & Components'' 100BASE-T1 offers a way to introduce modern signal processing in automotive, which allows optimal usage of the available channel characteristics. TC2 goals are as follows: * Define deterministic and robust transmission channels between the Ethernet enabled electronic control units. * Specify requirements for Common Mode Choke (CMC), cables, connectors and harness manufacturing. * The solution needs to be reproducible in high volumes, at high quality and meet cost targets of today’s global automotive logistics. TC1 and TC2 in combination provide for the complete 100BASE-T1 application.


TC3

''1000BASE-T1 CMC Requirements'' The potential scalability of Ethernet is an important motivation for car manufacturers to introduce Ethernet as an in-car networking technology. It is therefore essential that higher data rate Ethernet technologies are developed for automotive use. The OPEN Alliance is supporting the standardization of an Automotive Gigabit Ethernet standard through the work of TC3. TC3 collected requirements and validated the technical proposals made available from the
IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection standards defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. The standards are produced by the working group of Institute of Electrical and Electronics ...
bp task force, leading to the release of the 1000BASE-T1 standard. TC3 also defines 1000BASE-T1 magnetics characteristics and CMC limit lines for differential and mixed mode parameters, resulting in CMC performance and test specifications.


TC4

''Automotive Ethernet Tooling'' TC4 was established to investigate tools and concluded its work in September 2013. The focus of TC4 was: * Identify what tools are necessary to develop products that use Automotive Ethernet as a networking technology * Develop and maintain a list of existing applicable tools from multiple vendors


TC5

''Gap Identification'' To make Ethernet-based communication in automotive attractive, an overview on how to manage the entire protocol implementation is needed. OPEN Members can identify potential issues and/or gaps when implementing Ethernet-based communication in an automotive application and submit to the OPEN Alliance which will review and decide how to address this issues.


TC6

''Common xMII Interface Definition'' The focus of TC6 is to improve the applicability of existing xMII standards for Ethernet-based automotive networks with data rates of 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s. Moving towards standardized xMII specifications for the automotive industry is an important factor for the successful introduction of Ethernet into automotive networks. It will ensure product reliability and interoperability as well as reduce development time and costs. The objective is to capture relevant automotive requirements covering technical interface topics related to physical signaling, interface logic, timing, interface speed, EMC, temperature, robustness, interoperability, energy saving and costs. Within the work packages the group analyzes existing xMII standards to identify gaps and incompatibilities in regards to automotive networks. TC6 creates a recommendation for preferred automotive xMII standards. The document specifies relevant interface enhancements covering automotive requirements.


TC7

''1000BASE-RH Gigabit Ethernet over Plastic-Optical-Fiber (GEPOF)'' TC7 summarizes automotive requirements and influences the IEEE802.3 GEPOF standardization activity. It creates supplement documents and specifications like connector interface, footprint, test suits, etc.


TC8

''Automotive Ethernet ECU Test Specification'' TC8 shares requirements on Automotive Ethernet ECU testing. It defines specifications applicable to all ECUs in an Automotive Ethernet network based on these shared requirements. It defines test process and supports the establishment of test houses that can perform the ECU tests and establishes regular audits of the test specification and the partner requirements to increase the communication quality of the Ethernet ECUs in an automotive system.


TC9

''1000BASE-T1 Ethernet Channel & Components'' The
physical layer In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer; The layer most closely associated with the physical connection between devices. This layer may be implemented by a PHY chip. The ...
for 1000BASE-T1 is a complementary technology to 100BASE-T1, enabling flexible and scalable automotive data networks. The goal of TC9 is the specification of channel and components to ensure conformance to 1000BASE-T1 link segment requirements. The Scope includes: * 1000BASE-T1 communication channel * Electrical requirements on connectors, cables and harness manufacturing * Related measurement setups and test procedures *EMC environment The scope has been extended to include definitions and requirements on shielded twisted pair (STP) link segments for 1000BASE-T1 link segment type A in addition to the initial focus on unshielded twisted pair (UTP). Work on defining a similar specification for 10BASE-T1S has been started in TC9 as well.


TC10

''Automotive Ethernet Sleep/Wake-Up'' Automotive networks rely heavily on partial networking in which some segments are hibernated and woken up on demand. TC10 will focus on establishing support for sleep modes and a wake up mechanisms tailored for automotive use cases. Goals: TC10 specifies the functionality and needs of an Ethernet Sleep and Wake-up concept which includes: * Support fast wake-up and wake-up request forwarding to support a global wake-up on layer 1 * Support controlled link shutdown to hibernate selected parts of network * Specify a requirement for global network wake-up time to link-training start * Comply with standard MAC interfaces * Comply with AUTOSAR network management * No unintended wakeup in presence of interference noise * Applicable to 100BASE-T1 and 1000BASE-T1 (if possible also to future twisted pair PHY specifications)


TC11

''Ethernet switch requirements and qualification'' Goals: Create specification and qualification requirements for Ethernet switches: * Definition of functional features for switch semiconductors (stand-alone or built-in) * Generic, Interfacing, Configuration * Switching, Addressing,
VLAN A virtual local area network (VLAN) is any broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data link layer (OSI layer 2).IEEE 802.1Q-2011, ''1.4 VLAN aims and benefits'' In this context, virtual, refers to a phys ...
* Diagnostics, Monitoring * QoS,
Queueing Queue areas are places in which people queue (first-come, first-served) for goods or services. Such a group of people is known as a ''queue'' (British usage) or ''line'' (American usage), and the people are said to be waiting or standing ''in ...
,
Timestamping A timestamp is a sequence of characters or encoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, usually giving date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a small fraction of a second. Timestamps do not have to be based on some absolut ...
, Policing, AVB, TSN * Filtering,
Security" \n\n\nsecurity.txt is a proposed standard for websites' security information that is meant to allow security researchers to easily report security vulnerabilities. The standard prescribes a text file called \"security.txt\" in the well known locat ...


TC12

''Test specifications for the compliance testing of future IEEE 1000BASE-T1 (IEEE802.3bp) Physical Interface (PHY) devices'' In March 2016 the SIG introduced its twelfth technical committee (TC12), aimed to create test specifications for the compliance testing of future IEEE 1000BASE-T1 (IEEE802.3bp) Physical Interface (PHY) devices. The planned specifications will cover the following areas: * Physical Interface device Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) * PCS, PMA and PHY Control compliance to 1000BASE-T1 specification * Interoperability of 1000BASE-T1 compliant PHY implementations


Licensing

Companies/Members wanting to implement the non-OPEN Alliance specifications 100BASE-T1, 1000BASE-T1 or 1000BASE-RH, have to obtain the respective licenses based on the IEEE IPR Policy.


References

{{Reflist


External links


The OPEN Alliance SIG (official website)

IEEE Standards Association (official website)


Ethernet Motor trade associations