250px, Hitotsuyanagi Suenori, final ''daimyō'' of Ono Domain was a feudal domain under the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars ...

Edo period The , also known as the , is the period between 1600 or 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when the country was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and some 300 regional ''daimyo'', or feudal lords. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengok ...

Japan, in

Harima Province or Banshū (播州) was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is the southwestern part of present-day Hyōgo Prefecture. Harima bordered on Tajima, Tanba, Settsu, Bizen, and Mimasaka Provinces. Its capital was Himeji. During th ...

in what is now the south-central portion of modern-day

Hyōgo Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 () and a geographic area of . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east, Osaka Prefecture to th ...

. It was centered around the Ono ''

jin'ya A was a type of administrative headquarters in the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Edo period of Japanese history. ''Jin'ya'' served as the seat of the administration for a small domain, a province, or additional parcels of land. ''Jin'ya'' ho ...

'' which was located in what is now the city of

Ono, Hyōgo 270px, Ono City Hall is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 47,609 in 20483 households and a population density of 510 persons per km². The total area of the city is . Geography Ono is locat ...

. It was controlled by the ''

tozama daimyō was a class of powerful magnates or ''daimyō'' (大名) considered to be outsiders by the ruler of Japan during the Edo period (江戸時代). ''Tozama daimyō'' were classified in the Tokugawa shogunate (江戸幕府) as ''daimyō'' who becam ...

'' Hitotsuyanagi clan throughout its history.

History

Hitotsuyanagi Naomori was established as ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and no ...

'' of the 50,000 ''

koku The is a Chinese-based Japanese unit of volume. One koku is equivalent to 10 or approximately , or about of rice. It converts, in turn, to 100 shō and 1,000 gō. One ''gō'' is the traditional volume of a single serving of rice (before co ...

'' Kanbe Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate in 1601. In 1636, he was awarded with a further increase in ''

kokudaka refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of ''koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 5 ...

'' to 68,000 ''koku'' and was transferred to Saijō Domain in

Iyo Province was a Provinces of Japan, province of Japan in the area of northwestern Shikoku.Louis-Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Tosa''" in . Iyo bordered on Sanuki Province to the northeast, Awa Province (Tokushima), Awa to the east ...

. On his death, he divided his holdings between his three sons, with his second son, Hitotsuyanagi Naoie, receiving 23,000 ''koku'' and the new title of ''daimyō'' of "Kawanoe Domain" in Iyo. This was in addition to the 5000 ''koku'' he already had in Harima Province. However, in 1642, he suddenly died shortly after arriving in

Edo Edo (), also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. Edo, formerly a (castle town) centered on Edo Castle located in Musashi Province, became the '' de facto'' capital of Japan from 1603 as the seat of the Tokugawa shogu ...

on '' sankin kōtai'' due to a

furuncle A boil, also called a furuncle, is a deep folliculitis, which is an infection of the hair follicle. It is most commonly caused by infection by the bacterium ''Staphylococcus aureus'', resulting in a painful swollen area on the skin caused by a ...

on his face. As he had no heir, the domain hurriedly married his daughter to the second son of Koide Yoshichika of Sonobe Domain and to arrange a posthumous adoption to avoid

attainder In English criminal law, attainder was the metaphorical "stain" or "corruption of blood" which arose from being condemned for a serious capital crime (felony or treason). It entailed losing not only one's life, property and hereditary titles, but ...

. The attempt was only partially successful, as the shogunate used this as an excuse to seize most of the domain's holdings in Iyo, leaving him with only 10,000 ''koku''. The third through ninth ''daimyō'' served in the shogunate in the minor role of ''Sumpu kaban''; however, from the time of the 5th ''daimyō'' Hitotsuyanagi Suenaga, the domain's finances deteriorated. In 1833, towards the end of the tenure of the 9th ''daimyō'' Hitotsuyanagi Suenobu, large-scale peasant uprisings occurred. In 1836, the

han school The ''han'' school was a type of educational institution in the Edo period of Japan. They taught samurai etiquette, the classical Confucian books, calligraphy, rhetoric, fighting with swords and other weapons; some also added subjects such as m ...

, Kishokan, was opened. Under the 11th and final ''daimyō'' Hitotsuyanagi Suemori, the domain was an early supporter of the imperial cause in the

Boshin War The , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution or Japanese Civil War, was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a coalition seeking to seize political power in the name of the Impe ...

. In 1871, with the

abolition of the han system The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...

, the domain became "Ono Prefecture", which was merged with "Shikama Prefecture", which in turn became part of Hyōgo Prefecture. The Hitotsuyanagi clan was ennobled with the ''

kazoku The was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. It was formed by merging the feudal lords (''Daimyo, daimyō'') and court nobles (''kuge'') into one system modelled after the British peerage. Distin ...

'' peerage title of ''shishaku'' (viscount) in 1884. The site of the Ono Jin'ya is now the location of Ono Elementary School. In addition to a stone monument, a small portion of earthen wall still exists.

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

As with most domains in the

han system (, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the Estate (land), estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji (era), Meiji period (1868–1912).Louis Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan Encycloped ...

, Ono Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''

'', based on periodic

cadastral A cadastre or cadaster ( ) is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property's metes and bounds, metes-and-bounds of a country.Jo Henssen, ''Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,'/ref> Often it is represente ...

surveys and projected agricultural yields.Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987)
''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18
*

**30 villages in Katō District

List of daimyō

References

{{Authority control Domains of Japan 1871 disestablishments in Japan States and territories disestablished in 1871 Harima Province History of Hyōgo Prefecture

History

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

List of daimyō

See also

Further reading

References