Olof Mårtensson (1557 – 17 March 1609) also known by the Latin form Olaus Martini, was

Archbishop of Uppsala The Archbishop of Uppsala (spelled Upsala until the early 20th century) has been the primate of Sweden in an unbroken succession since 1164, first during the Catholic era, and from the 1530s and onward under the Lutheran church. Historical ove ...

from 1601 to his death. Born in

Uppsala Uppsala ( ; ; archaically spelled ''Upsala'') is the capital of Uppsala County and the List of urban areas in Sweden by population, fourth-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. It had 177,074 inhabitants in 2019. Loc ...

, Sweden, he first enrolled in the

University of Uppsala Uppsala University (UU) () is a public research university in Uppsala, Sweden. Founded in 1477, it is the oldest university in Sweden and the Nordic countries still in operation. Initially founded in the 15th century, the university rose to s ...

, but when it was temporarily closed in 1578 he travelled abroad. In 1583 he received his

master's degree A master's degree (from Latin ) is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional prac ...

at the

University of Rostock The University of Rostock () is a public university located in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Founded in 1419, it is the third-oldest university in Germany. It is the oldest university in continental northern Europe and the Baltic Se ...

Se
entry of Olaus Martini
in

Rostock Matrikelportal The Rostock Matrikelportal (matriculation portal) disseminates about 186,000 individual-level datasets drawn from the student registers of the University of Rostock from its establishment in 1419 to today. Each entry is faithfully transcribed and l ...

and then travelled home again. On returning, he made a reputation for himself when he criticized the

liturgy Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and participation in the sacred through activities reflecting praise, thanksgiving, remembra ...

of Swedish King John III, who held somewhat Catholic beliefs despite Sweden having been

Lutheran Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that emerged under the work of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German friar and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church launched ...

since 1531. The king's brother Duke Charles, who later became King Charles IX, promoted Olaus to

in 1601. Despite his support, Martini was fundamentally in opposition to the beliefs of duke Charles, a conflict which eventually led to disputes between the two. Martini was an

orthodox Lutheran Lutheran orthodoxy was an era in the history of Lutheranism, which began in 1580 from the writing of the ''Book of Concord'' and ended at the Age of Enlightenment. Lutheran orthodoxy was paralleled by similar eras in Reformed orthodoxy, Calvinism ...

, while Duke Charles is believed to have been inclined towards

Calvinistic Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. In the modern day, it is largely represented by the Continental Reformed Christian, Presbyterian, ...

tenets—which he himself denied (see:

crypto-Calvinism Crypto-Calvinism is a pejorative term describing a segment of those members of the Lutheran Church in Germany who were accused of secretly subscribing to Calvinist doctrine of the Eucharist in the decades immediately after the death of Martin Luth ...

). In 1606 Martini had a text published which was sharply polemising against Catholic and Calvinistic tenets. Although he was in opposition to the king and the duke, he was considered a hard-working and trustworthy man by the University of Uppsala and by his communion.

References

*
Nordisk Familjebok (1914), article Olaus Martini
In Swedish {{DEFAULTSORT:Martini, Olaus Lutheran archbishops of Uppsala 17th-century Lutheran archbishops People from Uppsala 1557 births 1609 deaths 16th-century Swedish people 17th-century Swedish clergy 16th-century Swedish writers

See also

References