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Pre-1600

*
960 Year 960 ( CMLX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Summer – Siege of Chandax: A Byzantine fleet with an expeditionary force (co ...
Battle of Andrassos The Battle of Andrassos or Adrassos was fought on 8 November 960 between the Byzantines, led by Leo Phokas the Younger, and the forces of the Hamdanid Emirate of Aleppo under the emir Sayf al-Dawla. It was fought in an unidentified mountain pas ...
: Byzantines under
Leo Phokas the Younger Leo Phokas or Phocas ( el, Λέων Φωκᾶς, c. 915–920after 971) was a prominent Byzantine general who scored a number of successes in the eastern frontier in the mid-10th century alongside his older brother, the Emperor Nikephoros II Phoka ...
score a crushing victory over the
Hamdanid The Hamdanid dynasty ( ar, الحمدانيون, al-Ḥamdāniyyūn) was a Twelver Shia Arab dynasty of Northern Mesopotamia and Syria (890–1004). They descended from the ancient Banu Taghlib Christian tribe of Mesopotamia and Eastern ...
Emir of Aleppo The rulers of Aleppo ruled as kings, emirs and sultans of the city and its surrounding region since the later half of the 3rd millennium BC, starting with the kings of Armi, followed by the Amorite dynasty of Yamhad. Muslim rule of the city end ...
,
Sayf al-Dawla ʿAlī ibn ʾAbū l-Hayjāʾ ʿAbdallāh ibn Ḥamdān ibn al-Ḥārith al-Taghlibī ( ar, علي بن أبو الهيجاء عبد الله بن حمدان بن الحارث التغلبي, 22 June 916 – 9 February 967), more commonly known ...
. *
1278 Year 1278 ( MCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * May 1 – William II of Villehardouin, prince of Achaea, dies. By the terms of ...
Trần Thánh Tông Trần Thánh Tông (October 12, 1240 – July 3, 1290), personal name Trần Hoảng (), was the second emperor of the Trần dynasty, reigning over Đại Việt from 1258 to 1278. After ceding the throne to his son Trần Nhân Tông, Thán ...
, the second emperor of the
Trần dynasty The Trần dynasty, ( Vietnamese: Nhà Trần, chữ Nôm: 茹陳)also known as the House of Trần, was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled over the Kingdom of Đại Việt from 1225 to 1400. The dynasty was founded when emperor Trần Thá ...
, decides to pass the throne to his crown prince Trần Khâm and take up the post of
Retired Emperor Retired Emperor, Grand Emperor, or Emperor Emeritus is a title occasionally used by the monarchical regimes in the Sinosphere for former emperors who had (at least in name) abdicated voluntarily to another member of the same clan, usually their s ...
. * 1291 – The
Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia ...
enacts a law confining most of Venice's glassmaking industry to the "island of
Murano Murano is a series of islands linked by bridges in the Venetian Lagoon, northern Italy. It lies about north of Venice and measures about across with a population of just over 5,000 (2004 figures). It is famous for its glass making. It was on ...
". *
1519 __NOTOC__ Year 1519 ( MDXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1519th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 519th year of the 2nd millennium ...
Hernán Cortés Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (; ; 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish ''conquistador'' who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of w ...
enters
Tenochtitlán , ; es, Tenochtitlan also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, ; es, México-Tenochtitlan was a large Mexican in what is now the historic center of Mexico City. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear. The date 13 March 1325 was ...
and
Aztec The Aztecs () were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl ...
ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with a great celebration. *
1520 __NOTOC__ Year 1520 ( MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 19 – King Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes, at ...
Stockholm Bloodbath The Stockholm Bloodbath ( sv, Stockholms blodbad; da, Det Stockholmske Blodbad) was a trial that led to a series of executions in Stockholm between 7 and 9 November 1520. The event is also known as the Stockholm massacre. The events occurred af ...
begins: A successful invasion of Sweden by Danish forces results in the execution of around 100 people, mostly noblemen. *
1576 Year 1576 ( MDLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 20 – Viceroy Martín Enríquez de Almanza founds the settlement of León ...
Eighty Years' War The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt ( nl, Nederlandse Opstand) ( c.1566/1568–1648) was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government. The causes of the war included the Ref ...
: Pacification of Ghent: The
States General of the Netherlands The States General of the Netherlands ( nl, Staten-Generaal ) is the supreme bicameral legislature of the Netherlands consisting of the Senate () and the House of Representatives (). Both chambers meet at the Binnenhof in The Hague. The State ...
meet and unite to oppose Spanish occupation.


1601–1900

*
1602 Events January–June * January 3 – Battle of Kinsale: The English defeat Irish rebels and their Spanish allies. (The battle happens on this date according to the Gregorian calendar used by the Irish and Spanish but on Thursday, 24 De ...
– The
Bodleian Library The Bodleian Library () is the main research library of the University of Oxford, and is one of the oldest libraries in Europe. It derives its name from its founder, Sir Thomas Bodley. With over 13 million printed items, it is the sec ...
at the
University of Oxford , mottoeng = The Lord is my light , established = , endowment = £6.1 billion (including colleges) (2019) , budget = £2.145 billion (2019–20) , chancellor ...
is opened to the public. * 1605
Robert Catesby Robert Catesby (c. 1572 – 8 November 1605) was the leader of a group of English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605. Born in Warwickshire, Catesby was educated in Oxford. His family were prominent recusant Catholics, and ...
, ringleader of the
Gunpowder Plot The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby who sough ...
ters, is killed. *
1614 Events January–June * February – King James I of England condemns duels, in his proclamation ''Against Private Challenges and Combats''. * April 5 – Pocahontas is forced into child marriage with English colonist John Rolfe in Ja ...
– Japanese ''
daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominall ...
''
Dom Justo Takayama , born and also known as Dom Justo Takayama (c. 1552 – 3 or 5 February 1615) was a Japanese Catholic Kirishitan daimyō and samurai who lived during the Sengoku period that witnessed anti-Catholic sentiment. Takayama had been baptized int ...
is exiled to the Philippines by shōgun
Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fello ...
for being Christian. *
1620 Events January–June * February 4 – Prince Bethlen Gabor signs a peace treaty with Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. * May 17 – The first merry-go-round is seen at a fair (Philippapolis, Turkey). * June 3 – ...
– The
Battle of White Mountain The Battle of White Mountain ( cz, Bitva na Bílé hoře; german: Schlacht am Weißen Berg) was an important battle in the early stages of the Thirty Years' War. It led to the defeat of the Bohemian Revolt and ensured Habsburg control for the n ...
takes place near
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
, ending in a decisive
Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
victory in only two hours. *
1644 It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+(-10(X)+50(L))+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1644). Events January–March * January 22 – The Royalist Oxford Parliament is first assembled by King ...
– The
Shunzhi Emperor The Shunzhi Emperor (15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661) was the second emperor of the Qing dynasty of China, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1644 to 1661. A committee of Manchu princes chose him to succe ...
, the third emperor of the
Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
, is enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the
Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
as the first Qing emperor to rule over China. * 1745
Charles Edward Stuart Charles Edward Louis John Sylvester Maria Casimir Stuart (20 December 1720 – 30 January 1788) was the elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart, grandson of James II and VII, and the Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland and ...
invades England with an army of approximately 5,000 that would later participate in the
Battle of Culloden The Battle of Culloden (; gd, Blàr Chùil Lodair) was the final confrontation of the Jacobite rising of 1745. On 16 April 1746, the Jacobite army of Charles Edward Stuart was decisively defeated by a British government force under Prince Wi ...
. * 1837
Mary Lyon Mary Mason Lyon (; February 28, 1797 – March 5, 1849) was an American pioneer in women's education. She established the Wheaton Female Seminary in Norton, Massachusetts, (now Wheaton College) in 1834. She then established Mount Holyoke Femal ...
founds Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, which later becomes
Mount Holyoke College Mount Holyoke College is a private liberal arts women's college in South Hadley, Massachusetts. It is the oldest member of the historic Seven Sisters colleges, a group of elite historically women's colleges in the Northeastern United States. ...
. *
1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first stea ...
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and t ...
: The "
Trent Affair The ''Trent'' Affair was a diplomatic incident in 1861 during the American Civil War that threatened a war between the United States and Great Britain. The U.S. Navy captured two Confederate envoys from a British Royal Mail steamer; the Brit ...
": The stops the British mail ship ''Trent'' and arrests two Confederate envoys, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the UK and US. *
1889 Events January–March * January 1 ** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada. ** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in t ...
Montana Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columb ...
is admitted as the 41st
U.S. state In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its sove ...
. *
1892 Events January–March * January 1 – Ellis Island begins accommodating immigrants to the United States. * February 1 - The historic Enterprise Bar and Grill was established in Rico, Colorado. * February 27 – Rudolf Diesel applies fo ...
– The New Orleans general strike begins, uniting
black Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white ha ...
and
white White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no hue). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully reflect and scatter all the visible wavelengths of light. White ...
American
trade union A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits ...
ists in a successful four-day general
strike action Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Strikes became common during the ...
for the first time. *
1895 Events January–March * January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island. * January 12 – The National Trust for Places of Histor ...
– While experimenting with electricity,
Wilhelm Röntgen Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (; ; 27 March 184510 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achie ...
discovers the
X-ray An X-ray, or, much less commonly, X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 picometers to 10  nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30&nb ...
.


1901–present

*
1901 Events January * January 1 – The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton becomes the first Prime Minist ...
Gospel riots The Gospel riots ( el, Ευαγγελικά, ''Evangelika''), which took place on the streets of Athens in November 1901, were primarily a protest against the publication in the newspaper '' Akropolis'' of a translation into modern spoken Gre ...
: Bloody clashes take place in
Athens Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates a ...
following the translation of the
Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christian message (" the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words a ...
s into
demotic Greek Demotic Greek or Dimotiki ( el, Δημοτική Γλώσσα, , , ) is the standard spoken language of Greece in modern times and, since the resolution of the Greek language question in 1976, the official language of Greece. "Demotic Greek" ( ...
. * 1917 – The first
Council of People's Commissars The Councils of People's Commissars (SNK; russian: Совет народных комиссаров (СНК), ''Sovet narodnykh kommissarov''), commonly known as the ''Sovnarkom'' (Совнарком), were the highest executive authorities of ...
is formed, including
Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1 ...
,
Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian ...
and
Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet Union, Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as Ge ...
. *
1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...
-
Rupert Bear Rupert Bear is a British children's comic strip character and franchise created by artist Mary Tourtel and first appearing in the ''Daily Express'' newspaper on 8 November 1920. Rupert's initial purpose was to win sales from the rival ''D ...
, illustrated by Mary Tourtel makes his first appearance in print. *
1923 Events January–February * January 9 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory). * January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area, t ...
Beer Hall Putsch The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch,Dan Moorhouse, ed schoolshistory.org.uk, accessed 2008-05-31.Known in German as the or was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party ( or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Erich Ludendorff and othe ...
: In
Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...
,
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and the ...
leads the
Nazis Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in N ...
in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government. *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort to assassinate Emperor Hir ...
Franklin D. Roosevelt is
elected Elected may refer to: * "Elected" (song), by Alice Cooper, 1973 * ''Elected'' (EP), by Ayreon, 2008 *The Elected, an American indie rock band See also *Election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population ...
as the 32nd
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal gove ...
, defeating incumbent president
Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Gre ...
. *
1933 Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...
Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...
:
New Deal The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939. Major federal programs agencies included the Civilian Con ...
: US President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveils the
Civil Works Administration The Civil Works Administration (CWA) was a short-lived job creation program established by the New Deal during the Great Depression in the United States to rapidly create mostly manual-labor jobs for millions of unemployed workers. The jobs were ...
, an organization designed to create jobs for more than four million unemployed. *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...
Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlism, Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebeli ...
:
Francoist Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spai ...
troops fail in their effort to capture
Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...
, but begin the three-year
Siege of Madrid The siege of Madrid was a two-and-a-half-year siege of the Republican-controlled Spanish capital city of Madrid by the Nationalist armies, under General Francisco Franco, during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). The city, besieged from Oc ...
afterwards. *
1937 Events January * January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua. * January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into ...
– The
Nazi Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...
exhibition '' Der ewige Jude'' ("The Eternal Jew") opens in
Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...
. *
1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...
Venlo Incident: Two British agents of SIS are captured by the Germans. * 1939 – In
Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...
,
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and the ...
narrowly escapes the assassination attempt of
Georg Elser Johann Georg Elser (; 4 January 1903 – 9 April 1945) was a German worker who planned and carried out an elaborate assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking Nazi leaders on 8 November 1939 at the Bürgerbräukeller in ...
while celebrating the 16th anniversary of the
Beer Hall Putsch The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch,Dan Moorhouse, ed schoolshistory.org.uk, accessed 2008-05-31.Known in German as the or was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party ( or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Erich Ludendorff and othe ...
. *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * Januar ...
Greco-Italian War The Greco-Italian War (Greek language, Greek: Ελληνοϊταλικός Πόλεμος, ''Ellinoïtalikós Pólemos''), also called the Italo-Greek War, Italian Campaign in Greece, and the War of '40 in Greece, took place between the kingdom ...
: The Italian invasion of Greece fails as outnumbered Greek units repulse the Italians in the Battle of Elaia–Kalamas. *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in w ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
:
French Resistance The French Resistance (french: La Résistance) was a collection of organisations that fought the German occupation of France during World War II, Nazi occupation of France and the Collaborationism, collaborationist Vichy France, Vichy régim ...
coup in
Algiers Algiers ( ; ar, الجزائر, al-Jazāʾir; ber, Dzayer, script=Latn; french: Alger, ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145Census 14 April 2008: Office National des Statistiques d ...
, in which 400 civilian French patriots neutralize Vichyist XIXth Army Corps after 15 hours of fighting, and arrest several Vichyist generals, allowing the immediate success of
Operation Torch Operation Torch (8 November 1942 – 16 November 1942) was an Allied invasion of French North Africa during the Second World War. Torch was a compromise operation that met the British objective of securing victory in North Africa while al ...
in Algiers. *
1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 crashes in a snowstorm. All 19 ...
Korean War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Korean War , partof = the Cold War and the Korean conflict , image = Korean War Montage 2.png , image_size = 300px , caption = Clockwise from top:{ ...
:
United States Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part of the United States Army Si ...
Lt. Russell J. Brown, while piloting an
F-80 Shooting Star The Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star was the first jet fighter used operationally by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) during World War II. Designed and built by Lockheed in 1943 and delivered just 143 days from the start of design, prod ...
, shoots down two
North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu (Amnok) and T ...
n
MiG-15 The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 (russian: Микоя́н и Гуре́вич МиГ-15; USAF/DoD designation: Type 14; NATO reporting name: Fagot) is a jet fighter aircraft developed by Mikoyan-Gurevich for the Soviet Union. The MiG-15 was one of ...
s in the first
jet aircraft A jet aircraft (or simply jet) is an aircraft (nearly always a fixed-wing aircraft) propelled by jet engines. Whereas the engines in propeller-powered aircraft generally achieve their maximum efficiency at much lower speeds and altitudes, jet ...
-to-jet aircraft
dogfight A dogfight, or dog fight, is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft conducted at close range. Dogfighting first occurred in Mexico in 1913, shortly after the invention of the airplane. Until at least 1992, it was a component in every majo ...
in history. *
1957 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...
Pan Am Flight 7 disappears between
San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish for " Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17t ...
and
Honolulu Honolulu (; ) is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Hawaii, which is in the Pacific Ocean. It is an unincorporated county seat of the consolidated City and County of Honolulu, situated along the southeast coast of the isla ...
. Wreckage and bodies are discovered a week later. * 1957 – Operation Grapple X, Round C1: The United Kingdom conducts its first successful
hydrogen bomb A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon design. Its greater sophistication affords it vastly greater destructive power than first-generation nuclear bombs, a more compact size, a lowe ...
test over
Kiritimati Kiritimati (also known as Christmas Island) is a Pacific Ocean atoll in the northern Line Islands. It is part of the Republic of Kiribati. The name is derived from the English word "Christmas" written in Gilbertese according to its phonology, ...
in the Pacific. *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...
John F. Kennedy is
elected Elected may refer to: * "Elected" (song), by Alice Cooper, 1973 * ''Elected'' (EP), by Ayreon, 2008 *The Elected, an American indie rock band See also *Election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population ...
as the 35th President of the United States, defeating incumbent
Vice President A vice president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on ...
Richard Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was ...
, who would later be elected president in
1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – " Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * J ...
and
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
. *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Co ...
Finnair Finnair ( fi, Finnair Oyj, sv, Finnair Abp) is the flag carrier and largest airline of Finland, with its headquarters in Vantaa on the grounds of Helsinki Airport, its hub. Finnair and its subsidiaries dominate both domestic and international ...
's Aero Flight 217 crashes near
Mariehamn Airport Mariehamn Airport ( sv, Mariehamns flygplats is located in Jomala, Åland (a territory of Finland). The airport is located some north-west of Mariehamn town centre. It served 61,568 passengers in 2017 and is operated by the state-owned Finavia ...
in
Jomala Jomala is a municipality of Åland, an autonomous territory of Finland. In terms of population, it is the next largest after Mariehamn, the capital of Åland. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The ...
,
Åland Åland ( fi, Ahvenanmaa: ; ; ) is an autonomous and demilitarised region of Finland since 1920 by a decision of the League of Nations. It is the smallest region of Finland by area and population, with a size of 1,580 km2, and a populat ...
, killing 22 people. *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in for a full term ...
– The
British Indian Ocean Territory The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Indian Ocean, halfway between Tanzania and Indonesia. The territory comprises the seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 ...
is created, consisting of
Chagos Archipelago The Chagos Archipelago () or Chagos Islands (formerly the Bassas de Chagas, and later the Oil Islands) is a group of seven atolls comprising more than 60 islands in the Indian Ocean about 500 kilometres (310 mi) south of the Maldives arc ...
,
Aldabra Aldabra is the world's second-largest coral atoll, lying south-east of the continent of Africa. It is part of the Aldabra Group of islands in the Indian Ocean that are part of the Outer Islands of the Seychelles, with a distance of 1,120  ...
, Farquhar and
Des Roches Desroches Island or Île Desroches is the main island of the Amirante Islands, part of the Outer Islands of the Seychelles. It is located 227 km southwest of Victoria, Seychelles. It is 5.5 km long and has a land area of 4.027 km2. ...
islands. * 1965 – The
Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It abolished the death penalty for murder in Great Britain (the death penalty for murder survived in Northern Ireland until 1973). The act replac ...
is given Royal Assent, formally abolishing the death penalty in the United Kingdom for almost all crimes. * 1965 – The
173rd Airborne The 173rd Airborne Brigade ("Sky Soldiers") is an airborne infantry brigade combat team (IBCT) of the United States Army based in Vicenza, Italy. It is the United States European Command's conventional airborne strategic response force for E ...
is ambushed by over 1,200
Viet Cong , , war = the Vietnam War , image = FNL Flag.svg , caption = The flag of the Viet Cong, adopted in 1960, is a variation on the flag of North Vietnam. Sometimes the lower stripe was green. , active ...
in
Operation Hump Operation Hump was a search and destroy operation initiated by United States and Australian forces on 5 November 1965, during the Vietnam War. The US-Australian objective was to drive out Viet Cong (VC) unit who had taken up positions on sever ...
during the
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
, while the
1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1 RAR) is a regular motorised infantry battalion of the Australian Army. 1 RAR was first formed as the 65th Australian Infantry Battalion of the 34th Brigade (Australia) on Balikpapan in 1945 and sinc ...
fight one of the first set-piece engagements of the war between Australian forces and the Viet Cong at the
Battle of Gang Toi The Battle of Gang Toi (8 November 1965) was fought during the Vietnam War between Australian troops and the Viet Cong. The battle was one of the first engagements between the two forces during the war and occurred when A Company, 1st Battalion ...
. * 1965 – American Airlines Flight 383 crashes in
Constance, Kentucky Constance is an unincorporated community in Boone County, Kentucky, United States. Constance is located on the Ohio River and Kentucky Route 8, north of Florence. A post office called Constance was established in 1855, and remained in operation ...
, killing 58. *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo ...
– Former
Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...
Attorney General
Edward Brooke Edward William Brooke III (October 26, 1919 – January 3, 2015) was an American politician of the Republican Party, who represented Massachusetts in the United States Senate from 1967 until 1979. Prior to serving in the Senate, he served as th ...
becomes the first
African American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of ens ...
elected Elected may refer to: * "Elected" (song), by Alice Cooper, 1973 * ''Elected'' (EP), by Ayreon, 2008 *The Elected, an American indie rock band See also *Election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population ...
to the
United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and po ...
since
Reconstruction Reconstruction may refer to: Politics, history, and sociology * Reconstruction (law), the transfer of a company's (or several companies') business to a new company *''Perestroika'' (Russian for "reconstruction"), a late 20th century Soviet Unio ...
. * 1966 – U.S. President
Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He had previously served as the 37th vice ...
signs into law an
antitrust Competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. Competition law is implemented through public and private enforcement. It is also known as antitrust ...
exemption allowing the
National Football League The National Football League (NFL) is a professional American football league that consists of 32 teams, divided equally between the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National Football Conference (NFC). The NFL is one of the majo ...
to merge with the upstart
American Football League The American Football League (AFL) was a major professional American football league that operated for ten seasons from 1960 until 1970, when it merged with the older National Football League (NFL), and became the American Football Conference. ...
. *
1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – " Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * J ...
– The
Vienna Convention on Road Traffic The Convention on Road Traffic, commonly known as the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, is an international treaty designed to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety by establishing standard traffic rules among the co ...
is signed to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety by standardising the uniform traffic rules among the signatories. *
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
– American pay television network Home Box Office (HBO) launches. *
1973 Events January * January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 15 – Vietnam War: ...
– The right ear of
John Paul Getty III John Paul Getty III (; born Eugene Paul Getty II; November 4, 1956February 5, 2011) was the grandson of American oil tycoon J. Paul Getty, who was once the richest man in the world. While living in Rome in 1973, he was kidnapped by the 'Ndrangh ...
is delivered to a newspaper outlet along with a ransom note, convincing his father to pay US$2.9 million. *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
Manolis Andronikos Manolis Andronikos ( el, Μανόλης Ανδρόνικος) (October 23, 1919 – March 30, 1992) was a Greek archaeologist and a professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Biography Andronikos was born on October 23, 1919 at ...
, a Greek archaeologist and professor at the
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...
, discovers the tomb of
Philip II of Macedon Philip II of Macedon ( grc-gre, Φίλιππος ; 382 – 21 October 336 BC) was the king ('' basileus'') of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from 359 BC until his death in 336 BC. He was a member of the Argead dynasty, founders of the ...
at
Vergina Vergina ( el, Βεργίνα, ''Vergína'' ) is a small town in northern Greece, part of Veria municipality in Imathia, Central Macedonia. Vergina was established in 1922 in the aftermath of the population exchanges after the Treaty of Laus ...
. *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensiv ...
Aeroméxico Flight 110 crashes near
Zihuatanejo Zihuatanejo (), or Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo, is the fourth-largest city in the Mexican state of Guerrero. It was known by 18th century English mariners as Chequetan or Seguataneo. Politically the city belongs to the municipality of Zihuatanejo de Azue ...
, Mexico, killing all 18 people on board. *
1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
TAAG Angola Airlines Flight 462 crashes after takeoff from
Lubango Airport Lubango Mukanka Airport ( pt, Aeroporto de Lubango) is an airport serving Lubango, the capital city of the Huíla Province in Angola. The Lubango non-directional beacon (Ident: SB) is located east-northeast of the Rwy 28 threshold. Airlines a ...
killing all 130 people on board.
UNITA The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( pt, União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola, abbr. UNITA) is the second-largest political party in Angola. Founded in 1966, UNITA fought alongside the Popular Movement for ...
claims to have shot down the aircraft, though this is disputed. *
1987 File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, ...
Remembrance Day bombing: A
Provisional IRA The Irish Republican Army (IRA; ), also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish re ...
bomb explodes in
Enniskillen Enniskillen ( , from ga, Inis Ceithleann , ' Ceithlenn's island') is the largest town in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It is in the middle of the county, between the Upper and Lower sections of Lough Erne. It had a population of 13,823 a ...
,
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label=Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is #Descriptions, variously described as ...
during a ceremony honouring those who had died in wars involving British forces. Twelve people are killed and sixty-three wounded. *
1988 File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Bicenten ...
– U.S.
Vice President A vice president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on ...
George H. W. Bush is
elected Elected may refer to: * "Elected" (song), by Alice Cooper, 1973 * ''Elected'' (EP), by Ayreon, 2008 *The Elected, an American indie rock band See also *Election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population ...
as the 41st president. *
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nels ...
Republican Revolution The "Republican Revolution", "Revolution of '94", or "Gingrich Revolution" are political slogans that refer to the Republican Party (GOP) success in the 1994 U.S. mid-term elections, which resulted in a net gain of 54 seats in the House of ...
: On the night of the 1994 United States midterm elections, Republicans make historic electoral gains by securing massive majorities in both houses of
Congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...
(54 seats in the
House A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air cond ...
and eight seats in the
Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
, additionally), thus bringing to a close four decades of Democratic domination. *
1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shoot ...
– Bruce Miller is killed at his junkyard near Flint, Michigan. His wife
Sharee Miller Sharee Paulette Kitley Miller (born October 13, 1971) is an American woman convicted of plotting the murder of her husband, Bruce Miller, over the Internet with her online lover Jerry Cassaday, who later died by suicide. Murder, trial and incarc ...
, who convinced her online lover Jerry Cassaday to kill him (before later killing himself) was convicted of the crime, in what became the world's first Internet murder. *
2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains East Timor independence, indepe ...
Iraq disarmament crisis The Iraq disarmament crisis was claimed as one of primary issues that led to the multinational invasion of Iraq on 20 March 2003. Since the 1980s, Iraq was widely assumed to have been producing and extensively running the programs of biologi ...
: UN Security Council Resolution 1441: The
United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, ...
unanimously approves a resolution on
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
, forcing
Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein ( ; ar, صدام حسين, Ṣaddām Ḥusayn; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolutio ...
to
disarm "Disarm" is a song by American alternative rock band the Smashing Pumpkins. It was the third single from their second album, ''Siamese Dream'' (1993), and became a top-20 hit in Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom despite being banned in ...
or face "serious consequences". *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight ...
Iraq War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Iraq War {{Nobold, {{lang, ar, حرب العراق (Arabic) {{Nobold, {{lang, ku, شەڕی عێراق (Kurdish languages, Kurdish) , partof = the Iraq conflict (2003–present), I ...
: More than 10,000 U.S. troops and a small number of
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
i army units participate in a siege on the insurgent stronghold of
Fallujah Fallujah ( ar, ٱلْفَلُّوجَة, al-Fallūjah, Iraqi pronunciation: ) is a city in the Iraqi province of Al Anbar, located roughly west of Baghdad on the Euphrates. Fallujah dates from Babylonian times and was host to important Je ...
. *
2006 File:2006 Events Collage V1.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2006 Winter Olympics open in Turin; Twitter is founded and launched by Jack Dorsey; The Nintendo Wii is released; Montenegro votes to declare independence from Serbia; The 2006 ...
Israeli-Palestinian conflict Israelis ( he, יִשְׂרָאֵלִים‎, translit=Yīśrāʾēlīm; ar, الإسرائيليين, translit=al-ʾIsrāʾīliyyin) are the Israeli citizenship law, citizens and nationals of the Israel, State of Israel. The country's popul ...
: The
Israeli Defense Force The Israel Defense Forces (IDF; he, צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל , ), alternatively referred to by the Hebrew-language acronym (), is the national military of the State of Israel. It consists of three service branch ...
kill 19
Palestinian Palestinians ( ar, الفلسطينيون, ; he, פָלַסְטִינִים, ) or Palestinian people ( ar, الشعب الفلسطيني, label=none, ), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs ( ar, الفلسطينيين العرب, label=non ...
civilians in their homes during the shelling of Beit Hanoun. *
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
– The potentially hazardous asteroid 2005 YU55 passes 0.85 lunar distances from Earth (about ), the closest known approach by an asteroid of its
brightness Brightness is an attribute of visual perception in which a source appears to be radiating or reflecting light. In other words, brightness is the perception elicited by the luminance of a visual target. The perception is not linear to luminance, ...
since in 1976. *
2013 File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fa ...
Typhoon Haiyan Typhoon Haiyan, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Yolanda, was one of the most powerful tropical cyclones ever recorded. On making landfall, Haiyan devastated portions of Southeast Asia, particularly the Philippines. It is one of the ...
, one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever recorded, strikes the
Visayas The Visayas ( ), or the Visayan Islands ( Visayan: ''Kabisay-an'', ; tl, Kabisayaan ), are one of the three principal geographical divisions of the Philippines, along with Luzon and Mindanao. Located in the central part of the archipelago, ...
region of the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
; the storm left at least 6,340 people dead with over 1,000 still missing, and caused $2.86 billion (2013 USD) in damage. *
2016 File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses duri ...
– Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi publicly announces the withdrawal of ₹500 and ₹1000 denomination banknotes. * 2016 –
Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021. Trump graduated from the Wharton School of the University of P ...
is
elected Elected may refer to: * "Elected" (song), by Alice Cooper, 1973 * ''Elected'' (EP), by Ayreon, 2008 *The Elected, an American indie rock band See also *Election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population ...
the 45th President of the United States, defeating
Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, diplomat, and former lawyer who served as the 67th United States Secretary of State for President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, as a United States sen ...
, the first woman ever to receive a major party's nomination.


Births


Pre-1600

* AD 30
Nerva Nerva (; originally Marcus Cocceius Nerva; 8 November 30 – 27 January 98) was Roman emperor from 96 to 98. Nerva became emperor when aged almost 66, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the succeeding rulers of the Flavian dy ...
, Roman emperor (d. 98) *
1407 Year 1407 (Roman numerals, MCDVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * April 10 – Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty#Religio ...
Alain de Coëtivy, French cardinal (d. 1474) *
1417 Year 1417 ( MCDXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * June 29 – An English fleet, led by the Earl of Huntingdon, defeats a fleet of Ge ...
Philipp I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg Philipp I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (also known as ''Philipp the Elder''; born: 8 November 1417 at Windecken Castle in Windecken, now part of Nidderau; died: 10 May 1480 in Ingweiler, now called: Ingwiller) was Count of Hanau. The county was di ...
(1458–1480) (d. 1480) * 1456
Queen Gonghye Queen Gonghye (Korean: 공혜왕후, Hanja: 恭惠王后; 8 November 1456 – 30 April 1474), of the Cheongju Han clan (Korean: 청주 한씨, Hanja: 淸州 韓氏), was the first wife of King Seongjong, 9th monarch of Joseon. She was the Que ...
, Korean royal consort (d. 1474) *
1491 Year 1491 ( MCDXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 2 – Alain I of Albret signs the Treaty of Moulins with Charles VIII of ...
Teofilo Folengo, Italian monk and poet (d. 1544) * 1543
Lettice Knollys Lettice Knollys ( , sometimes latinized as Laetitia, alias Lettice Devereux or Lettice Dudley), Countess of Essex and Countess of Leicester (8 November 1543Adams 2008a – 25 December 1634), was an English noblewoman and mother to the courtier ...
, Countess of Essex and lady-in-waiting to
Elizabeth I of England Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Elizabeth was the last of the five House of Tudor monarchs and is sometimes referred to as the "Virgin Queen". Eli ...
(d. 1634) * 1555
Nyaungyan Min Nyaungyan Min ( my, ညောင်ရမ်းမင်း ; 8 November 1555 – ) was king of the Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1599 to 1605. He is also referred to as the founder of the Restored Toungoo Dynasty or Nyaungyan Dynast ...
, King of Burma (d. 1605) *
1563 Year 1563 ( MDLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * February 1 – Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia. * Jan ...
Henry II, Duke of Lorraine Henry II (French: ''Henri II''; 8 November 1563 – 31 July 1624), known as "the Good (''le Bon'')", was Duke of Lorraine from 1608 until his death. Leaving no sons, both of his daughters became Duchesses of Lorraine by marriage. He was a brother- ...
(d. 1624) *
1572 Year 1572 ( MDLXXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 16 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is tried for treason, for his part ...
John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg John Sigismund (german: Johann Sigismund; 8 November 1572 – 23 December 1619) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from the House of Hohenzollern. He became the Duke of Prussia through his marriage to Duchess Anna, the eld ...
(d. 1619)


1601–1900

*
1622 Events January–May * January 7 – The Holy Roman Empire and Transylvania sign the Peace of Nikolsburg. * February 8 – King James I of England dissolves the English Parliament. * March 12 – Ignatius of Loy ...
Charles X Gustav of Sweden Charles X Gustav, also Carl Gustav ( sv, Karl X Gustav; 8 November 1622 – 13 February 1660), was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death. He was the son of John Casimir, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Kleeburg and Catherine of Sweden. Afte ...
(d. 1660) *
1656 Events January–March * January 5 – The First War of Villmergen, a civil war in the Confederation of Switzerland pitting its Protestant and Roman Catholic cantons against each other, breaks out but is resolved by March 7. The ...
Edmond Halley Edmond (or Edmund) Halley (; – ) was an English astronomer, mathematician and physicist. He was the second Astronomer Royal in Britain, succeeding John Flamsteed in 1720. From an observatory he constructed on Saint Helena in 1676–77, H ...
, English astronomer and mathematician (d. 1742) *
1706 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Monday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 26 – War of Spanish Succession: The uprising by Bavaria ...
Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German philosopher and judge (d. 1772) *
1710 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Saturday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – In Prussia, Cölln is merged with Alt-Berlin by ...
Sarah Fielding Sarah Fielding (8 November 1710 – 9 April 1768) was an English author and sister of the novelist Henry Fielding. She wrote '' The Governess, or The Little Female Academy'' (1749), thought to be the first novel in English aimed expressly at chi ...
, English author (d. 1768) *
1715 Events For dates within Great Britain and the British Empire, as well as in the Russian Empire, the "old style" Julian calendar was used in 1715, and can be converted to the "new style" Gregorian calendar (adopted in the British Empire i ...
Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern Duchess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern (8 November 1715 – 13 January 1797) was Queen of Prussia (Queen in Prussia until 1772) and Electress of Brandenburg as the wife of Frederick the Great. She was the longest-serv ...
(d. 1797) *
1723 Events January–March * January 25 – British pirate Edward Low intercepts the Portuguese ship ''Nostra Signiora de Victoria''. After the Portuguese captain throws his treasure of 11,000 gold coins into the sea rather than s ...
John Byron Vice-Admiral John Byron (8 November 1723 – 1 April 1786) was a British Royal Navy officer and explorer. He earned the nickname "Foul-Weather Jack" in the press because of his frequent encounters with bad weather at sea. As a midshipman, he sa ...
, English admiral and politician, 24th Commodore Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1786) * 1725Johann George Tromlitz, German flute player and composer (d. 1805) * 1738Barbara Catharina Mjödh, Finnish poet (d. 1776) *
1763 Events January–March * January 27 – The seat of colonial administration in the Viceroyalty of Brazil is moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. * February 1 – The Royal Colony of North Carolina officially creates Meck ...
Otto Wilhelm Masing Otto Wilhelm Masing ( in Lohusuu, Kreis Dorpat, Livland Governorate – in Äksi, Livland Governorate) was an early Baltic German Estophile and a major advocate of peasant rights, especially regarding education. Life He received schooling ...
, German-Estonian linguist and author (d. 1832) *
1768 Events January–March * January 9 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London. * February 11 – Samuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the Massachusetts House ...
Princess Augusta Sophia of the United Kingdom Princess Augusta Sophia (8 November 1768 – 22 September 1840) was the sixth child and second daughter of King George III and Queen Charlotte. Childhood and adolescence Princess Augusta Sophia was born at Buckingham House, City and Liberty o ...
(d. 1840) * 1772William Wirt, American lawyer and politician, 9th
United States Attorney General The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States. The attorney general serves as the principal advisor to the p ...
(d. 1834) *
1788 Events January–March * January 1 – The first edition of ''The Times'', previously ''The Daily Universal Register'', is published in London. * January 2 – Georgia ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fourth U.S ...
Mihály Bertalanits, Slovene poet and educator (d. 1853) *1831 – Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton, English poet and diplomat, 30th List of Governors-General of India, Governor-General of India (d. 1880) *1836 – Milton Bradley, American businessman, founded the Milton Bradley Company (d. 1911) * 1837 – Ilia Chavchavadze, Georgian journalist, lawyer, and politician (d. 1907) *1847 – Jean Casimir-Perier, French politician, 6th President of France (d. 1907) * 1847 – Bram Stoker, Irish novelist and critic, created Count Dracula (d. 1912) *1848 – Gottlob Frege, German mathematician and philosopher (d. 1925) *1854 – Johannes Rydberg, Swedish physicist and academic (d. 1919) *1855 – Nikolaos Triantafyllakos, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1939) *1866 – Herbert Austin, 1st Baron Austin, English businessman, founded the Austin Motor Company (d. 1941) *1868 – Felix Hausdorff, German mathematician and academic (d. 1942) *1878 – Dorothea Bate, English palaeontologist and archaeozoologist (d. 1951) *1881 – Clarence Gagnon, Canadian painter and illustrator (d. 1942) *1883 – Arnold Bax, English composer and poet (d. 1953) * 1883 – Charles Demuth, American painter (d. 1935) *1884 – Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (d. 1922) *1885 – George Bouzianis, Greek painter (d. 1959) * 1885 – Hans Cloos, German geologist and academic (d. 1951) * 1885 – Emil Fahrenkamp, German architect and academic (d. 1966) * 1885 – Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese general and politician, 4th Governor-General of the Philippines, Japanese Military Governors of the Philippines (d. 1946) *1888 – David Monrad Johansen, Norwegian pianist and composer (d. 1974) * 1888 – Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian anarchist revolutionary (d. 1934) *1893 – Prajadhipok, Thai king (d. 1941) *1896 – Erika Abels d'Albert, Austrian painter and graphic artist (d. 1975) * 1896 – Bucky Harris, American baseball player and manager (d. 1977) * 1896 – Marie Prevost, Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 1937) *1897 – Dorothy Day, American journalist and activist (d. 1980) *1900 – Margaret Mitchell, American journalist and author (d. 1949)


1901–present

*1902 – A. J. M. Smith, Canadian poet and anthologist (d. 1980) *1904 – Cedric Belfrage, English-American journalist and author, co-founded the ''National Guardian'' (d. 1990) *1908 – Martha Gellhorn, American journalist and author (d. 1998) *1910 – James McCormack, American general (d. 1975) *1911 – Al Brosch, American golfer (d. 1975) * 1911 – Robert Jackson (UN administrator), Robert Jackson, Australian public servant and diplomat (d. 1991) *1912 – June Havoc, American actress, singer and dancer (d. 2010) * 1912 – Stylianos Pattakos, Greek general and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2016) *1913 – Lou Ambers, American boxer (d. 1995) *1914 – Norman Lloyd, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2021) *1918 – Kazuo Sakamaki, Japanese soldier (d. 1999) * 1918 – Hermann Zapf, German typographer and calligrapher (d. 2015) *1919 – James S. Ackerman, American historian and academic (d. 2016) *
1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...
– Sitara Devi, Indian actress, dancer, and choreographer (d. 2014) * 1920 – Esther Rolle, American actress (d. 1998) * 1920 – Eugênio Sales, Brazilian cardinal (d. 2012) *1921 – Douglas Townsend, American composer, musicologist, and academic (d. 2012) *1922 – Christiaan Barnard, South African surgeon and academic (d. 2001) * 1922 – Thea D. Hodge, American computer scientist and academic (d. 2008) * 1922 – Ademir Marques de Menezes, Brazilian footballer, coach, and sportscaster (d. 1996) *
1923 Events January–February * January 9 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory). * January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area, t ...
– Yisrael Friedman (Pashkaner Rebbe), Yisrael Friedman, Romanian-born Israeli rabbi (d. 2017) * 1923 – Jack Kilby, American physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005) *1924 – Johnny Bower, Canadian ice hockey player and soldier (d. 2017) * 1924 – Joe Flynn (American actor), Joe Flynn, American actor (d. 1974) * 1924 – Robert V. Hogg, American statistician and academic (d. 2014) * 1924 – Victorinus Youn Kong-hi, South Korean archbishop * 1924 – Dmitry Yazov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 2020) *1926 – Darleane C. Hoffman, American nuclear chemist *1927 – L. K. Advani, Indian lawyer and politician, 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India * 1927 – Ken Dodd, English singer and comedian (d. 2018) * 1927 – Chris Connor, American singer (d. 2009) * 1927 – Nguyễn Khánh, Vietnamese general and politician, 4th Leaders of South Vietnam, President of the Republic of Vietnam (d. 2013) * 1927 – Patti Page, American singer and actress (d. 2013) *1928 – Des Corcoran, Australian politician, 37th Premier of South Australia (d. 2004) *1929 – Bobby Bowden, American football player and coach (d. 2021) * 1929 – António Castanheira Neves, Portuguese philosopher and academic *1931 – Jim Redman, English-Rhodesian motorcycle racer * 1931 – Morley Safer, Canadian-American journalist and author (d. 2016) * 1931 – Paolo Taviani, Italian film director and screenwriter *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort to assassinate Emperor Hir ...
– Stéphane Audran, French actress (d. 2018) * 1932 – Ben Bova, American journalist and author (d. 2020) *
1933 Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...
– Peter Arundell, English race car driver (d. 2009) *1935 – Alain Delon, French-Swiss actor, producer, screenwriter * 1935 – Stratos Dionysiou, Greek singer-songwriter (d. 1990) * 1935 – Alfonso López Trujillo, Colombian cardinal (d. 2008) *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...
– Virna Lisi, Italian actress (d. 2014) *1938 – Driss Basri, Moroccan police officer and politician (d. 2007) * 1938 – Satch Sanders, American basketball player * 1938 – Richard Stoker, English composer, author, and poet (d. 2021) *
1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...
– Meg Wynn Owen, Welsh actress *1941 – Nerys Hughes, Welsh actress *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in w ...
– Angel Cordero Jr., Puerto Rican-American jockey * 1942 – Sandro Mazzola, Italian footballer and sportscaster *1943 – Martin Peters, English footballer and manager (d. 2019) *1944 – Bonnie Bramlett, American singer and actress *1945 – Arduino Cantafora, Italian-Swiss architect, painter, and author * 1945 – Golden State Killer, Joseph James DeAngelo, American serial killer * 1945 – John Farrar, Australian-born music producer, songwriter, arranger, singer, and guitarist * 1945 – Don Murray (drummer), Don Murray, American drummer (d. 1996) * 1945 – Vincent Nichols, English cardinal * 1945 – Arnold Rosner, American composer (d. 2013) *1946 – Guus Hiddink, Dutch footballer and manager * 1946 – Roy Wood, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer *1947 – Michael Perham (bishop), Michael Perham, English bishop (d. 2017) * 1947 – Minnie Riperton, American singer-songwriter (d. 1979) * 1947 – Margaret Rhea Seddon, American physician and astronaut * 1947 – Lewis Yocum, American physician and surgeon (d. 2013) *1948 – Dale Gardner, American captain and astronaut (d. 2014) *1949 – Wayne LaPierre, American businessman, author, and activist * 1949 – Bonnie Raitt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist *
1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 crashes in a snowstorm. All 19 ...
– Mary Hart, American journalist and actress *1951 – Gerald Alston, American R&B singer * 1951 – Larry Burnett, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1951 – Alfredo Astiz, Argentinian captain * 1951 – Laura Cox, English lawyer and judge * 1951 – Peter Suber, American philosopher and academic *1952 – John Denny, American baseball player and coach * 1952 – Christie Hefner, American publisher and businesswoman * 1952 – Jan Raas, Dutch cyclist * 1952 – Jerry Remy, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2021) * 1952 – Alfre Woodard, American actress *1953 – Giorgos Foiros, Greek footballer and manager * 1953 – John Musker, American animator, director, producer, and screenwriter * 1953 – Nand Kumar Patel, Indian politician (d. 2013) *1954 – David Bret, French-English journalist and author * 1954 – Michael D. Brown, American lawyer and radio host * 1954 – Timothy Egan, American journalist and author * 1954 – Kazuo Ishiguro, Japanese-British novelist, screenwriter, and short story writer. * 1954 – Rickie Lee Jones, American singer-songwriter and producer * 1954 – Thanasis Pafilis, Greek jurist and politician *1955 – Patricia Barber, American singer-songwriter and pianist * 1955 – Jeffrey Ford, American author and educator *1956 – Mari Boine, Norwegian singer-songwriter and producer * 1956 – Richard Curtis, New Zealand-English screenwriter, film and television producer, and film director * 1956 – Steven Miller (record producer), Steven Miller, American record producer and engineer *
1957 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...
– Alan Curbishley, English footballer and manager * 1957 – Tim Shaw (swimmer), Tim Shaw, American swimmer * 1957 – Porl Thompson, English guitarist and songwriter * 1957 – Hardi Volmer, Estonian singer and director *1958 – Don Byron, American clarinet player and composer * 1958 – Ken Lamberton, American author and educator * 1958 – Selçuk Yula, Turkish footballer and journalist (d. 2013) *1959 – Miroslav Janů, Czech footballer and manager (d. 2013) * 1959 – Chi Chi LaRue, American drag queen performer and director *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...
– Oleg Menshikov, Russian actor, singer, and director * 1960 – Michael Nyqvist, Swedish actor and producer (d. 2017) *1961 – Micky Adams, English footballer and manager * 1961 – Leif Garrett, American singer, actor, and television personality *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Co ...
– Paul McKenna, English hypnotist and author *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in for a full term ...
– Jeff Blauser, American baseball player and manager * 1965 – Craig Chester, American actor and screenwriter * 1965 – Mike Matarazzo, American bodybuilder and boxer (d. 2014) * 1965 – Patricia Poleo, Venezuelan journalist *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo ...
– Gordon Ramsay, British chef, restaurateur, and television host/personality *1967 – Henry Rodríguez (outfielder), Henry Rodriguez, Dominican baseball player * 1967 – Courtney Thorne-Smith, American actress *
1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – " Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * J ...
– Keith Jones (ice hockey), Keith Jones, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster * 1968 – José Offerman, Dominican baseball player and manager * 1968 – Sergio Porrini, Italian footballer and manager * 1968 – Parker Posey, American actress *1970 – Tom Anderson, American businessman, co-founded Myspace * 1970 – David Hemp, Bermudian cricketer * 1970 – Michael Jackson (actor), Michael Jackson, Canadian actor * 1970 – Diana King, Jamaican singer-songwriter * 1970 – José Porras, Costa Rican footballer and coach *1971 – Carlos Atanes, Spanish director, producer, and screenwriter * 1971 – Tech N9ne, American musician, record producer, and actor *
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
– Chris Fydler, Australian swimmer * 1972 – Gretchen Mol, American model and actress * 1972 – Kylie Shadbolt, Australian artistic gymnast *
1973 Events January * January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 15 – Vietnam War: ...
– Sven Mikser, Estonian politician, 22nd Minister of Defence (Estonia), Estonian Minister of Defence * 1973 – David Muir, American journalist *1974 – Joshua Ferris, American author * 1974 – Penelope Heyns, South African swimmer * 1974 – Masashi Kishimoto, Japanese author and illustrator, created ''Naruto'' * 1974 – Seishi Kishimoto, Japanese illustrator *1975 – Brevin Knight, American basketball player and sportscaster * 1975 – Tara Reid, American actress * 1975 – Alena Vašková, Czech tennis player *1976 – Brett Lee, Australian cricketer and sportscaster * 1976 – Brothers Strause, Colin Strause, American director, producer, and visual effects designer *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
– Jully Black, Canadian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress * 1977 – Bucky Covington, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1977 – Nick Punto, American baseball player *1978 – Moses Michael Levi Barrow (born Jamal Michael Barrow), better known by his stage name Shyne, Belizean rapper and politician * 1978 – Matthew Bulbeck, English cricketer * 1978 – Tim de Cler, Dutch footballer * 1978 – Maurice Evans (basketball), Maurice Evans, American basketball player * 1978 – Ali Karimi, Iranian footballer and manager * 1978 – Kensaku Kishida, Japanese actor and entertainer * 1978 – Emma Lewell-Buck, English social worker and politician * 1978 – Júlio Sérgio, Brazilian footballer and manager *1979 – Andrea Benatti, Italian rugby player * 1979 – Aaron Hughes, Irish footballer *1980 – Luís Fabiano, Brazilian footballer * 1980 – Laura Jane Grace, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1980 – Holly Walsh, English radio and television host *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensiv ...
– Joe Cole, English footballer * 1981 – Yann Kermorgant, French footballer *1982 – Ted DiBiase, Jr., American wrestler and actor * 1982 – Mika Kallio, Finnish motorcycle racer * 1982 – Sam Sparro, Australian singer-songwriter and producer *
1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
– Sinan Güler, Turkish basketball player * 1983 – Katharina Molitor, German javelin thrower * 1983 – Remko Pasveer, Dutch footballer * 1983 – Pavel Pogrebnyak, Russian footballer * 1983 – Nikola Rachelle, English-New Zealand singer-songwriter and producer * 1983 – Danielle Valore Evans, American short story writer *1984 – Kuntal Chandra, Bangladeshi cricketer (d. 2012) * 1984 – Yoko Mitsuya, Japanese model and actress * 1984 – Steven Webb, English actor *1985 – Magda Apanowicz, Canadian actress * 1985 – Miguel Marcos Madera, Míchel, Spanish footballer *1986 – Patricia Mayr-Achleitner, Austrian tennis player * 1986 – Jamie Roberts, Welsh rugby player * 1986 – Aaron Swartz, American computer programmer and activist (d. 2013) *
1987 File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, ...
– Édgar Benítez, Paraguayan footballer * 1987 – Sam Bradford, American football player * 1987 – Mohd Faiz Subri, Malaysian footballer *
1988 File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Bicenten ...
– Jessica Lowndes, Canadian actress and singer * 1988 – Lucia Slaničková, Slovak heptathlete *1989 – Morgan Schneiderlin, French footballer * 1989 – Giancarlo Stanton, American baseball player *1990 – Ingrid Puusta, Estonian sailor * 1990 – SZA, American singer-songwriter *1991 – Aaron Fotheringham, American wheelchair athlete * 1991 – Jack Littlejohn, Australian rugby league player * 1991 – Dan Middleton, English YouTube personality and pro gamer *1992 – Christophe Vincent, French footballer *1993 – Przemek Karnowski, Polish basketball player * 1993 – Fraser Mullen, Scottish footballer *
1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shoot ...
– Katherine Uchida, Canadian rhythmic gymnast *2000 – Jasmine Thompson, English singer


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 397 – Martin of Tours, Frankish bishop and saint * 618 – Pope Adeodatus I, Adeodatus I, pope of the Catholic Church * 785 – Prince Sawara, Sawara, Japanese prince * 789 – Willehad, bishop of Bremen * 928 – Duan Ning, Chinese general * 940 – Yao Yi, Chinese chancellor (b. 866) * 943 – Empress Liu (Li Maozhen's wife), Liu, empress of Qi (Li Maozhen's state), Qi (Ten Kingdoms) (b. 877) * 955 – Pope Agapetus II, Agapetus II, pope of the Catholic Church * 977 – Ibn al-Qūṭiyya, Andalusian historian *1067 – Sancha of León, Queen of León (b. c. 1018) *1115 – Godfrey of Amiens, French bishop and saint (b. 1066) *1122 – Ilghazi, Artuqid ruler of Mardin *1171 – Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut (b. 1108) *1195 – Conrad, Count Palatine of the Rhine (b. 1135) *1226 – Louis VIII of France, Louis VIII, king of France (b. 1187) *1246 – Berengaria of Castile (b. 1179) *1263 – Matilda of Béthune, French countess *1308 – Duns Scotus, Scottish priest, philosopher, and academic (b. 1266) *1400 – Peter of Aragon (heir of Sicily), Peter of Aragon, Aragonese infante (b. 1398) *1478 – Baeda Maryam I, emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1448) *1494 – Melozzo da Forlì, Italian painter (b. c. 1438) *1517 – Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, Spanish cardinal (b. 1436) *1527 – Jerome Emser, German theologian and reformer (b. 1477) *1599 – Francisco Guerrero (composer), Francisco Guerrero, Spanish composer (b. 1528) *1600 – Natsuka Masaie, Japanese daimyō (b. 1562)


1601–1900

* 1605
Robert Catesby Robert Catesby (c. 1572 – 8 November 1605) was the leader of a group of English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605. Born in Warwickshire, Catesby was educated in Oxford. His family were prominent recusant Catholics, and ...
, English conspirator, leader of the
Gunpowder Plot The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby who sough ...
(b. 1573) *1606 – Girolamo Mercuriale, Italian philologist and physician (b. 1530) *1658 – Witte de With, Dutch admiral (b. 1599) *1674 – John Milton, English poet and philosopher (b. 1608) *1719 – Michel Rolle, French mathematician and author (b. 1652) *1773 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, Prussian general (b. 1721) *1817 – Andrea Appiani, Italian painter and educator (b. 1754) *1828 – Thomas Bewick, English engraver, illustrator and author (b.1753) *1830 – Francis I of the Two Sicilies (b. 1777) *1873 – Manuel Bretón de los Herreros, Spanish poet, playwright, and critic (b. 1796) *1887 – Doc Holliday, American dentist and poker player (b. 1851) *1890 – César Franck, Belgian organist and composer (b. 1822) *
1895 Events January–March * January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island. * January 12 – The National Trust for Places of Histor ...
– Robert Battey, American surgeon and academic (b. 1828)


1901–present

*
1901 Events January * January 1 – The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton becomes the first Prime Minist ...
– James Agnew, Irish-Australian politician, 16th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1815) *1905 – Victor Borisov-Musatov, Russian painter (b. 1870) * 1917 – Colin Blythe, English cricketer and soldier (b. 1879) *1921 – Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav, Slovak poet and playwright (b. 1849) *1934 – Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician and bacteriologist (b. 1879) *1944 – Walter Nowotny, Austrian-German soldier and pilot (b. 1920) *1945 – August von Mackensen, German field marshal (b. 1849) *1949 – Cyriel Verschaeve, Belgian-Austrian priest and activist (b. 1874) *1953 – Ivan Bunin, Russian author and poet, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1870) * 1953 – John van Melle, Dutch-South African author and educator (b. 1887) *1956 – Chika Kuroda, Japanese chemist (b. 1884) *1959 – Frank S. Land, American activist, founded the DeMolay International (b. 1890) *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...
– Subroto Mukerjee, Indian soldier; Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force (b. 1911) *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in for a full term ...
– Dorothy Kilgallen, American journalist, television personality, and game show panelist (b. 1913) *
1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – " Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * J ...
– Wendell Corey, American actor and politician (b. 1914) * 1968 – Peter Mohr Dam, Faroese educator and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1898) *1970 – Huw T. Edwards, Welsh poet and politician (b. 1892) *
1973 Events January * January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 15 – Vietnam War: ...
– Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel, Turkish poet, author, and politician (b. 1898) *1974 – Ivory Joe Hunter, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1914) *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
– Tasos Giannopoulos, Greek actor and producer (b. 1931) * 1977 – Bucky Harris, American baseball player and manager (b. 1896) *1978 – Norman Rockwell, American painter and illustrator (b. 1894) *
1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
– James Booker, American singer and pianist (b. 1939) * 1983 – Mordecai Kaplan, Lithuanian-American rabbi and educator (b. 1881) *1985 – Nicolas Frantz, Luxembourger cyclist (b. 1899) * 1985 – Jacques Hnizdovsky, Ukrainian-American painter and illustrator (b. 1915) *1986 – Vyacheslav Molotov, Russian politician and diplomat, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union), Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1890) *
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nels ...
– Michael O'Donoghue, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1940) *1998 – Rumer Godden, English author and poet (b. 1907) * 1998 – John Hunt, Baron Hunt, English colonel, mountaineer, and academic (b. 1910) * 1998 – Jean Marais, French actor and director (b. 1913) *
1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shoot ...
– Lester Bowie, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1941) * 1999 – Leon Štukelj, Slovenian gymnast and judge (b. 1898) *2001 – Aristidis Moschos, Greek santouri player and educator (b. 1930) *
2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains East Timor independence, indepe ...
– Jon Elia, Pakistani poet, philosopher, and scholar (b. 1931) *2003 – Bob Grant (actor), Bob Grant, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1932) * 2003 – C.Z. Guest, American actress, fashion designer, and author (b. 1920) * 2003 – Guy Speranza, American singer-songwriter (b. 1956) *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight ...
– Peter Mathers, English-Australian author and playwright (b. 1931) *2005 – Alekos Alexandrakis, Greek actor and director (b. 1928) * 2005 – David Westheimer, American soldier and author (b. 1917) *
2006 File:2006 Events Collage V1.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2006 Winter Olympics open in Turin; Twitter is founded and launched by Jack Dorsey; The Nintendo Wii is released; Montenegro votes to declare independence from Serbia; The 2006 ...
– Basil Poledouris, American composer and conductor (b. 1945) * 2006 – Hannspeter Winter, Austrian physicist and academic (b. 1941) *2007 – Aad Nuis, Dutch journalist, poet, and politician (b. 1933) * 2007 – Dulce Saguisag, Filipino politician, 10th Secretary of Social Welfare and Development (Philippines), Filipino Secretary of Social Welfare and Development (b. 1943) * 2007 – Chad Varah, English priest, founded Samaritans (charity), The Samaritans (b. 1911) *2009 – Vitaly Ginzburg, Russian physicist and astrophysicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916) *2010 – Quintin Dailey, American basketball player (b. 1961) * 2010 – Jack Levine, American soldier and painter (b. 1915) * 2010 – Emilio Eduardo Massera, Argentinian admiral (b. 1925) *
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates ...
– Heavy D, Jamaican-American rapper, producer, and actor (b. 1967) * 2011 – Bil Keane, American cartoonist (b. 1922) *2012 – Lee MacPhail, American businessman (b. 1917) * 2012 – Pete Namlook, German composer and producer (b. 1960) * 2012 – Peggy Vaughan, American author (b. 1936) *
2013 File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fa ...
– William C. Davidon, American physicist, mathematician, and academic (b. 1927) * 2013 – Penn Kimball, American journalist and academic (b. 1915) * 2013 – Arnold Rosner, American composer (b. 1945) * 2013 – Chiyoko Shimakura, Japanese singer and actress (b. 1938) * 2013 – Amanchi Venkata Subrahmanyam, Indian journalist and actor (b. 1957) *2014 – Phil Crane, American academic and politician (b. 1930) * 2014 – Luigi Gorrini, Italian soldier and pilot (b. 1917) * 2014 – Don Paul (linebacker), Don Paul, American football player and sportscaster (b. 1925) * 2014 – Hugo Sánchez Portugal, Spanish-Mexican footballer and sportscaster (b. 1984) * 2014 – Ernie Vandeweghe, Canadian-American basketball player and physician (b. 1928) *2015 – Rhea Chiles, American philanthropist, founded the Polk Museum of Art (b. 1930) * 2015 – Joseph Cure, American ice hockey player and actor (b. 1984) * 2015 – Rod Davies, Australian-English astronomer and academic (b. 1930) * 2015 – Om Prakash Mehra, Indian air marshal and politician (b. 1919) * 2015 – Maduluwawe Sobitha Thero, Sri Lankan monk and activist (b. 1942) *2020 – Alex Trebek, Canadian-American television personality and longtime host of ''Jeopardy!'' (b. 1940)


Holidays and observances

*Christian feast day: **Saint Elizabeth of the Trinity (Roman Catholic Church) **Four Crowned Martyrs **Godfrey of Amiens **Johann von Staupitz (Lutheran) **Duns Scotus, Blessed John Duns Scotus **Calendar of saints (Church of England)#November, Saints and Martyrs of England (Church of England) **Tysilio **Willehad of Bremen **November 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Intersex Day of Remembrance (New South Wales, Australia) * International Day of Radiology (European Society of Radiology) *National Aboriginal Veterans Day (Canada) *Synaxis of the Michael (archangel), Archangel Michael and the other Christian angelic hierarchy, Bodiless Powers of Heaven (Eastern Orthodox Church) *World Urbanism Day * Victory Day (Azerbaijan)


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:November 08 Days of the year November