Northeast Greenland National Park ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq, da, Grønlands Nationalpark) is the world's largest
national park and the 10th
largest protected area (the only larger protected areas all consist mostly of sea). Established in 1974 and expanded to its present size in 1988, it protects of the interior and northeastern coast of
Greenland
Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland ...
and is bigger than all but
29 of the world's 195 countries. It was the first
national park to be created in the Kingdom of Denmark and remains Greenland's only national park. It is the northernmost national park in the world. It is the second largest by area of any second level subdivision of any country in the world trailing only the
Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada.
Geography
The park shares borders, largely laid out as
straight lines
In geometry, a line is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature. Thus, lines are one-dimensional objects, though they may exist in two, three, or higher dimension spaces. The word ''line'' may also refer to a line segment ...
, with the
Sermersooq municipality in the south and with the
Avannaata municipality in the west, partly along the
45° West meridian on the ice cap. The large interior of the park is part of the
Greenland Ice Sheet, but there are also large ice-free areas along the coast and on
Peary Land in the north. The park includes the
King Frederick VIII Land and
King Christian X Land geographical areas.
The area is subject to larger loss of ice than expected.
[Ramskov, Jens.]
Climate models underestimate the melting of the ice cap
In English
'' Ingeniøren'', 26 December 2014. Accessed: 26 December 2014.
History
Originally established on 22 May 1974 from the northern, practically uninhabited part of the former
Ittoqqortoormiit Municipality
Ittoqqortoormiit Municipality () was one of the two municipalities of East Greenland. Since 1 January 2009 it has been incorporated into the Sermersooq municipality. It encompassed an area of 235,000 km2 (91,000 sq mi) along the Den ...
in
Tunu (East Greenland), in 1988 the park was expanded by another to its present size, adding the northeastern part of the former county of
Avannaa (North Greenland). In January 1977 it was designated an
international biosphere reserve. The park is overseen by the Greenland Department of Environment and Nature. The historical research camps on the ice sheet—
Eismitte and
North Ice—fall within the boundaries of the present-day park.
Population
The park has no permanent human population, although 400 sites see occasional summertime use. In 1986, the population of the park was 40, living at
Mestersvig. These 40 were involved in cleanup and closeout operations at mining exploration sites and soon left. Since then censuses have recorded zero permanent human population. In 2008, only 31 people and about 110 dogs were present over winter in North East Greenland, distributed among the following stations (all on the coast, except
Summit Camp):
NOAA Research
* Daneborg (12) headquarters of the Sirius Patrol, the park policing agency
* Danmarkshavn
Danmarkshavn (Denmark's Harbour) is a small weather station located in Dove Bay, on the southern shore of the Germania Land Peninsula, in Northeast Greenland National Park, Greenland.
History
The location was chosen as a suitable winter harbo ...
(8) civilian weather station
* Station Nord (5) military base
* Mestersvig (2) military outpost with 1,800 m gravel runway
* Zackenberg (0) summer-only research station
* Summit Camp (4) research station on the Greenland Ice Sheet
During summer scientists add to these numbers. The research station Zackenberg Ecological Research Operations (ZERO) can cater for over 20 scientists and station personnel.
Fauna
An estimated 5,000 to 15,000 musk oxen, as well as numerous polar bears and walrus, can be found near the coastal regions of the park. In 1993, this was estimated to be 40% of the world population of musk ox. Other mammals include Arctic fox, stoat, collared lemming, Arctic hare and a small but important population of Greenland wolf. Other marine mammals include ringed seal, bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal as well as narwhal and beluga whale
The beluga whale () (''Delphinapterus leucas'') is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean. It is one of two members of the family Monodontidae, along with the narwhal, and the only member of the genus ''Delphinapterus''. It is also known as the ...
.
Species of birds which breed in the park include great northern diver, barnacle goose
The barnacle goose (''Branta leucopsis'') is a species of goose that belongs to the genus ''Branta'' of black geese, which contains species with largely black plumage, distinguishing them from the grey ''Anser'' species. Despite its superficial ...
, pink-footed goose, common eider, king eider, gyrfalcon, snowy owl, sanderling, ptarmigan and raven.[
]
See also
* List of national parks
This is a list of the number of national parks per nation, as defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Nearly 100 countries around the world have lands classified as a national park by this definition.
Note that this articl ...
* Nanok
References
External links
Main park webpage
Image gallery
ZERO - Zackenberg Ecological Research Operations
*
Exploration History of Northeast Greenland
Icebergs in Hekla Havn - slideshow
{{Authority control
National parks in Greenland
Biosphere reserves of Greenland
Protected areas established in 1974
1974 establishments in Denmark
Greenland
Arctic